Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2286544735', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.44', 'title': 'Time Course and Characteristics of Astrocyte Activation in the Rat Brain after Injury', 'display_name': 'Time Course and Characteristics of Astrocyte Activation in the Rat Brain after Injury', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2286544735', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.44', 'mag': '2286544735', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27169064', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4847494'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.44', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764493710', 'display_name': 'Korean Journal of Neurotrauma', 'issn_l': '2234-8999', 'issn': ['2234-8999', '2288-2243'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4847494?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068467686', 'display_name': 'Hyun-Ho Lee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5433'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143662', 'display_name': 'Myongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zn16x61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hyun-Ho Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090839253', 'display_name': 'Sung-Choon Park', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143662', 'display_name': 'Myongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zn16x61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sung-Choon Park', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018014143', 'display_name': 'Il-Seung Choe', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143662', 'display_name': 'Myongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zn16x61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Il-Seung Choe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5106408910', 'display_name': 'Young Kim', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143662', 'display_name': 'Myongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zn16x61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Young Kim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009774557', 'display_name': 'Young-Soo Ha', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143662', 'display_name': 'Myongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zn16x61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Young-Soo Ha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143662']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.916, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 18, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.669957, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '44', 'last_page': '44'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10483', 'display_name': 'Nerve injury and regeneration', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10483', 'display_name': 'Nerve injury and regeneration', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10608', 'display_name': 'Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2806', 'display_name': 'Developmental Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10771', 'display_name': 'Wound Healing and Treatments', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2742', 'display_name': 'Rehabilitation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nestin', 'display_name': 'Nestin', 'score': 0.94316596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-scar', 'display_name': 'Glial scar', 'score': 0.81007254}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777738006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906812', 'display_name': 'Nestin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.94316596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777594495', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5569540', 'display_name': 'Glial scar', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.81007254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780495277', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905442', 'display_name': 'Glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7841339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777542381', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961', 'display_name': 'Astrocyte', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7548432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147447768', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411624', 'display_name': 'Vimentin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6225357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53787994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781041448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75839', 'display_name': 'Cerebral cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5335392}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4763218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781017439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526', 'display_name': 'Traumatic brain injury', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46382725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4518265}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78383274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421987', 'display_name': 'Intermediate filament', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4425751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781192897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050', 'display_name': 'White matter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43895593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529278444', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273', 'display_name': 'Central nervous system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3842497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36227578}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30866584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136834591', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944097', 'display_name': 'Neural stem cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.29708326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204232928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285', 'display_name': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18636459}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28328180', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196', 'display_name': 'Stem cell', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18278581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142669718', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154626', 'display_name': 'Cytoskeleton', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.14038596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143409427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238', 'display_name': 'Magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12441012}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1491633281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10359621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.05600679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.44', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764493710', 'display_name': 'Korean Journal of Neurotrauma', 'issn_l': '2234-8999', 'issn': ['2234-8999', '2288-2243'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4847494', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4847494?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4847494', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27169064', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4847494', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4847494?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.57, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1486015279', 'https://openalex.org/W1826719783', 'https://openalex.org/W1973972775', 'https://openalex.org/W1982800819', 'https://openalex.org/W1985040092', 'https://openalex.org/W2000108033', 'https://openalex.org/W2005416260', 'https://openalex.org/W2012674530', 'https://openalex.org/W2013510157', 'https://openalex.org/W2014203854', 'https://openalex.org/W2021442315', 'https://openalex.org/W2028838506', 'https://openalex.org/W2029959225', 'https://openalex.org/W2033507194', 'https://openalex.org/W2062742234', 'https://openalex.org/W2063896038', 'https://openalex.org/W2070378804', 'https://openalex.org/W2085621931', 'https://openalex.org/W2092955583', 'https://openalex.org/W2127338217', 'https://openalex.org/W2949368987', 'https://openalex.org/W4250910729'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3085772516', 'https://openalex.org/W2885705222', 'https://openalex.org/W2767198860', 'https://openalex.org/W2150382963', 'https://openalex.org/W2123748731', 'https://openalex.org/W2029959225', 'https://openalex.org/W2028360830', 'https://openalex.org/W1993836039', 'https://openalex.org/W1982815464', 'https://openalex.org/W1569570275'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'After': [0], 'injury': [1, 57], 'to': [2, 58, 77], 'the': [3, 14, 42, 53, 59, 63, 85, 101, 119, 125, 128, 141, 146, 150, 154, 161, 164, 175, 178, 197, 205, 213, 226, 235, 241], 'central': [4], 'nervous': [5], 'system': [6], '(CNS),': [7], 'glial': [8, 43, 88, 216], 'scar': [9, 89, 217], 'tissue': [10], 'is': [11, 22, 36], 'formed': [12], 'in': [13, 52, 84, 96, 145, 153, 160, 163, 174, 196, 204, 225, 234], 'process': [15], 'of': [16, 69, 87, 100, 118, 127, 177, 215, 240], 'wound': [17, 179], 'healing.': [18], 'This': [19], 'can': [20], 'be': [21, 232], 'a': [23, 109, 188, 208], 'clinical': [24], 'problem': [25], 'because': [26], 'it': [27], 'interferes': [28], 'with': [29, 108, 184], 'axonal': [30], 'regeneration': [31], 'and': [32, 49, 66, 112, 133, 135, 152, 203, 221, 228, 238], 'functional': [33], 'recovery.': [34], 'It': [35], 'known': [37], 'that': [38, 79], 'intracellular': [39, 71, 120], 'proteins,': [40, 72], 'including': [41], 'fibrillary': [44], 'acidic': [45], 'protein': [46], '(GFAP),': [47], 'nestin,': [48, 132, 219], 'vimentin': [50], 'increase': [51], 'astrocytes': [54, 162], 'after': [55, 167], 'an': [56, 104], 'CNS.': [60], 'By': [61], 'studying': [62], 'time': [64], 'course': [65], 'co-expression': [67], 'pattern': [68], 'these': [70, 80, 229], 'this': [73, 97], 'study': [74], 'will': [75], 'attempt': [76], 'prove': [78], 'proteins': [81, 121], 'are': [82], 'involved': [83, 233], 'processes': [86, 214], 'formation.Twenty-five': [90], 'male': [91], 'Sprague-Dawley': [92], 'rats': [93], 'were': [94, 122, 137, 223], 'used': [95], 'study.': [98], 'Bregma': [99], 'cerebral': [102, 155], 'cortex,': [103, 206], 'area': [105, 166], 'was': [106, 114, 143, 158, 172, 194], 'incised': [107], 'sharp': [110], 'blade,': [111], 'perfusion': [113], 'performed.': [115], 'The': [116], 'expressions': [117], 'assayed,': [123], 'while': [124, 170], 'co-localization': [126], 'intermediate': [129], 'filament': [130], '(GFAP,': [131], 'vimentin)': [134], 'A2B5': [136, 171, 222], 'examined.At': [138], '12': [139, 181, 201], 'hours,': [140, 202], 'GFAP': [142], 'expressed': [144, 159], 'white': [147, 198], 'matter': [148, 199], 'underlying': [149], 'lesion,': [151], 'cortex.': [156], 'Nestin': [157], 'perilesional': [165], '3': [168], 'days,': [169], 'observed': [173], 'edge': [176], 'at': [180, 190, 200, 210], 'hours': [182], 'post-injury,': [183], 'its': [185], 'expression': [186], 'reaching': [187, 207], 'peak': [189, 209], '7': [191, 211], 'days.': [192], 'Vimentin': [193], 'detected': [195], 'days.In': [212], 'formation,': [218], 'vimentin,': [220], 'revealed': [224], 'astrocytes,': [227], 'factors': [230], 'may': [231], 'division,': [236], 'proliferation,': [237], 'transportation': [239], 'astrocytes.': [242]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2286544735', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T15:23:29.333486', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}