Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2284235256', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754', 'title': 'Gender dysphoria in childhood', 'display_name': 'Gender dysphoria in childhood', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-01-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2284235256', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754', 'mag': '2284235256', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26754056'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S136737876', 'display_name': 'International Review of Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0954-0261', 'issn': ['0954-0261', '1369-1627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000938506', 'display_name': 'Jiska Ristori', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-9643'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115393', 'display_name': 'Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02crev113', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115393']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiska Ristori', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115393']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038692205', 'display_name': 'Thomas D. Steensma', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-3644'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I911458345', 'display_name': 'Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q6h8f30', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210151833', 'https://openalex.org/I911458345']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas D. Steensma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands', 'Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I911458345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I911458345']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5000938506'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115393'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.817, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 240, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.657289, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '28', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '13', 'last_page': '20'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10156', 'display_name': 'LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10156', 'display_name': 'LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11888', 'display_name': 'Gender Roles and Identity Studies', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3318', 'display_name': 'Gender Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11956', 'display_name': 'Sexual Differentiation and Disorders', 'score': 0.9812, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosexual-development', 'display_name': 'Psychosexual development', 'score': 0.9596351}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-dysphoria', 'display_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'score': 0.9288181}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-identity-disorder', 'display_name': 'Gender Identity Disorder', 'score': 0.4641375}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195954836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5559410', 'display_name': 'Psychosexual development', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9596351}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777656388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049021', 'display_name': 'Gender dysphoria', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9288181}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123273963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758', 'display_name': 'Psychopathology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71863544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5785763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139265228', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089', 'display_name': 'Distress', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55995893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2991839931', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48264', 'display_name': 'Gender identity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54284483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70410870', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906', 'display_name': 'Clinical psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48562875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909086633', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049021', 'display_name': 'Gender Identity Disorder', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4641375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44805902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09426275}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000068116', 'descriptor_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002675', 'descriptor_name': 'Child, Preschool', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003376', 'descriptor_name': 'Counseling', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000066498', 'descriptor_name': 'Emotional Adjustment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068116', 'descriptor_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068116', 'descriptor_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068116', 'descriptor_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068116', 'descriptor_name': 'Gender Dysphoria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011606', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychosexual Development', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S136737876', 'display_name': 'International Review of Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0954-0261', 'issn': ['0954-0261', '1369-1627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26754056', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.6, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'display_name': 'Gender equality'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 67, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W134573160', 'https://openalex.org/W1483112721', 'https://openalex.org/W1496481495', 'https://openalex.org/W1567805217', 'https://openalex.org/W1575742291', 'https://openalex.org/W1593641720', 'https://openalex.org/W1610807469', 'https://openalex.org/W1636238317', 'https://openalex.org/W1965505333', 'https://openalex.org/W1968458627', 'https://openalex.org/W1970439170', 'https://openalex.org/W1978077962', 'https://openalex.org/W1981365164', 'https://openalex.org/W1992205480', 'https://openalex.org/W1993273139', 'https://openalex.org/W2001475896', 'https://openalex.org/W2008987983', 'https://openalex.org/W2010692913', 'https://openalex.org/W2025946704', 'https://openalex.org/W2039033408', 'https://openalex.org/W2041676713', 'https://openalex.org/W2043336818', 'https://openalex.org/W2056199791', 'https://openalex.org/W2056234002', 'https://openalex.org/W2063296731', 'https://openalex.org/W2064890371', 'https://openalex.org/W2066689090', 'https://openalex.org/W2067598973', 'https://openalex.org/W2067904892', 'https://openalex.org/W2069684670', 'https://openalex.org/W2069717531', 'https://openalex.org/W2071484137', 'https://openalex.org/W2076059030', 'https://openalex.org/W2080797438', 'https://openalex.org/W2087733287', 'https://openalex.org/W2095223054', 'https://openalex.org/W2099969077', 'https://openalex.org/W2112166217', 'https://openalex.org/W2118522426', 'https://openalex.org/W2127290044', 'https://openalex.org/W2135071764', 'https://openalex.org/W2137263116', 'https://openalex.org/W2142058882', 'https://openalex.org/W2152089961', 'https://openalex.org/W2153686101', 'https://openalex.org/W2154354745', 'https://openalex.org/W2157582675', 'https://openalex.org/W2159011576', 'https://openalex.org/W2162998095', 'https://openalex.org/W2166188596', 'https://openalex.org/W2333752750', 'https://openalex.org/W2471339815', 'https://openalex.org/W2502993979', 'https://openalex.org/W2599734864', 'https://openalex.org/W283622874', 'https://openalex.org/W4233772764', 'https://openalex.org/W4236038590', 'https://openalex.org/W4240536586', 'https://openalex.org/W4243435270', 'https://openalex.org/W4244330657', 'https://openalex.org/W4247665917', 'https://openalex.org/W4255396331', 'https://openalex.org/W42658283', 'https://openalex.org/W576784901', 'https://openalex.org/W659204673', 'https://openalex.org/W67821627', 'https://openalex.org/W89855366'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309628865', 'https://openalex.org/W4250632523', 'https://openalex.org/W4244920203', 'https://openalex.org/W4213348302', 'https://openalex.org/W2087729845', 'https://openalex.org/W2086581270', 'https://openalex.org/W2077309190', 'https://openalex.org/W2068942111', 'https://openalex.org/W2057849139', 'https://openalex.org/W1964765650'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Gender': [0], 'dysphoria': [1], '(GD)': [2], 'in': [3, 130], 'childhood': [4, 91], 'is': [5, 58, 67, 85, 97], 'a': [6, 64], 'complex': [7], 'phenomenon': [8], 'characterized': [9], 'by': [10], 'clinically': [11], 'significant': [12], 'distress': [13], 'due': [14], 'to': [15, 74], 'the': [16, 41, 54, 88, 100, 103, 110, 114, 121, 163, 166], 'incongruence': [17], 'between': [18], 'assigned': [19], 'gender': [20, 34, 75], 'at': [21], 'birth': [22], 'and': [23, 44, 51, 117, 125, 155, 160], 'experienced': [24], 'gender.': [25, 147], 'The': [26, 78], 'clinical': [27, 56, 65, 79], 'presentation': [28], 'of': [29, 69, 90, 99, 106, 123, 150, 165], 'children': [30, 70, 107, 131, 143], 'who': [31, 71], 'present': [32], 'with': [33, 108, 120, 132, 135], 'identity': [35, 76], 'issues': [36], 'can': [37, 48], 'be': [38, 49], 'highly': [39], 'variable;': [40], 'psychosexual': [42, 46, 115], 'development': [43, 116], 'future': [45], 'outcome': [47], 'unclear,': [50], 'consensus': [52], 'about': [53, 87], 'best': [55], 'practice': [57], 'currently': [59, 152], 'under': [60], 'debate.In': [61], 'this': [62], 'paper': [63], 'picture': [66], 'provided': [68], 'are': [72, 81, 140, 158], 'referred': [73, 144], 'clinics.': [77], 'criteria': [80], 'described': [82], 'including': [83, 162], 'what': [84], 'known': [86], 'prevalence': [89], 'GD.': [92], 'In': [93, 148], 'addition,': [94], 'an': [95], 'overview': [96], 'presented': [98], 'literature': [101, 167], 'on': [102, 113], 'psychological': [104], 'functioning': [105], 'GD,': [109, 124], 'current': [111], 'knowledge': [112], 'factors': [118], 'associated': [119], 'persistence': [122], 'explanatory': [126], 'models': [127], 'for': [128, 142, 145], 'psychopathology': [129], 'GD': [133], 'together': [134], 'other': [136], 'co-existing': [137], 'problems': [138], 'that': [139], 'characteristic': [141], 'their': [146], 'light': [149], 'this,': [151], 'used': [153], 'treatment': [154], 'counselling': [156], 'approaches': [157], 'summarized': [159], 'discussed,': [161], 'integration': [164], 'detailed': [168], 'above.': [169]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2284235256', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T02:49:21.516984', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}