Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2272710580', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Barriers to economic and political reform in Africa', 'display_name': 'Barriers to economic and political reform in Africa', 'publication_year': 1996, 'publication_date': '1996-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2272710580', 'mag': '2272710580'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00017643&DB=p', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018622115', 'display_name': 'Kimenyi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kimenyi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007228337', 'display_name': 'John Mukum Mbaku', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-013X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.M. Mbaku', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.664565, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 54, 'max': 62}, 'biblio': {'volume': '1', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '7', 'last_page': '25'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11168', 'display_name': 'Foreign Aid and Development Policies', 'score': 0.1519, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3303', 'display_name': 'Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11168', 'display_name': 'Foreign Aid and Development Policies', 'score': 0.1519, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3303', 'display_name': 'Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/china-africa-relations', 'display_name': 'China-Africa Relations', 'score': 0.47673}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6927861}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5101912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38150442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47768531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188', 'display_name': 'Development economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37230104}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35909107}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29445586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0973717}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00017643&DB=p', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.52}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W971739176', 'https://openalex.org/W78579541', 'https://openalex.org/W601519148', 'https://openalex.org/W2993338877', 'https://openalex.org/W2778702944', 'https://openalex.org/W2621195234', 'https://openalex.org/W2292401578', 'https://openalex.org/W2282409853', 'https://openalex.org/W2254848962', 'https://openalex.org/W2222382903', 'https://openalex.org/W2166244597', 'https://openalex.org/W2113983580', 'https://openalex.org/W2067060607', 'https://openalex.org/W2034553421', 'https://openalex.org/W1987040187', 'https://openalex.org/W1972304074', 'https://openalex.org/W1732615475', 'https://openalex.org/W1593160073', 'https://openalex.org/W1501296474', 'https://openalex.org/W1491660601'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2272710580', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-13T07:07:07.667399', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}