Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2263548737', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'title': 'Investigation of sludge conditioning performance and mechanism by examining the effect of charge density on cationic polyacrylamide microstructure', 'display_name': 'Investigation of sludge conditioning performance and mechanism by examining the effect of charge density on cationic polyacrylamide microstructure', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-07-09', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2263548737', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'mag': '2263548737'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S124203677', 'display_name': 'Desalination and Water Treatment', 'issn_l': '1944-3986', 'issn': ['1944-3986', '1944-3994'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053682239', 'display_name': 'Qingqing Guan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-5170'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'display_name': 'Chongqing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023rhb549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Qingqing Guan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827', "Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010662620', 'display_name': 'Mingfang Tang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0888'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'display_name': 'Chongqing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023rhb549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Mingfang Tang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052729337', 'display_name': 'Huaili Zheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-8666'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'display_name': 'Chongqing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023rhb549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Huaili Zheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 18716426627, Tel. +86 23 65121769, Tel. +86 23 65120827', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049766215', 'display_name': 'Houkai Teng', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158108717', 'display_name': 'China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054dq0621', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158108717']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Houkai Teng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute, Tianjin 300131, China, Tel. +86 13602059890'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute, Tianjin 300131, China, Tel. +86 13602059890', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158108717']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110719318', 'display_name': 'Xiaomin Tang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'display_name': 'Chongqing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023rhb549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Xiaomin Tang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021273060', 'display_name': 'Yong Liao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-0820'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'display_name': 'Chongqing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023rhb549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Yong Liao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China, Tel. +86 13983828195, Tel. +86 13452179899", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5053682239', 'https://openalex.org/A5010662620', 'https://openalex.org/A5052729337', 'https://openalex.org/A5049766215', 'https://openalex.org/A5110719318', 'https://openalex.org/A5021273060'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'https://openalex.org/I158108717', 'https://openalex.org/I158842170', 'https://openalex.org/I158842170'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.059, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 17, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.824328, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 89, 'max': 90}, 'biblio': {'volume': '57', 'issue': '28', 'first_page': '12988', 'last_page': '12997'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10197', 'display_name': 'Membrane Separation Technologies', 'score': 0.9911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10197', 'display_name': 'Membrane Separation Technologies', 'score': 0.9911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11188', 'display_name': 'Coagulation and Flocculation Studies', 'score': 0.9839, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11952', 'display_name': 'Landfill Environmental Impact Studies', 'score': 0.9668, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2311', 'display_name': 'Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cationic-polymerization', 'display_name': 'Cationic polymerization', 'score': 0.8460846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylamide', 'display_name': 'Polyacrylamide', 'score': 0.6866003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/zeta-potential', 'display_name': 'Zeta potential', 'score': 0.5191538}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183882617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046749', 'display_name': 'Cationic polymerization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8460846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148815931', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900689', 'display_name': 'Flocculation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.73443747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778862431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416002', 'display_name': 'Polyacrylamide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6866003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87976508', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213', 'display_name': 'Microstructure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61783105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.55756277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86181022', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823', 'display_name': 'Zeta potential', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5191538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4788161}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38608286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30916098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24528214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188027245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446', 'display_name': 'Polymer chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20909914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14753011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155672457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S124203677', 'display_name': 'Desalination and Water Treatment', 'issn_l': '1944-3986', 'issn': ['1944-3986', '1944-3994'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1057530', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S124203677', 'display_name': 'Desalination and Water Treatment', 'issn_l': '1944-3986', 'issn': ['1944-3986', '1944-3994'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 41, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1965457295', 'https://openalex.org/W1965795599', 'https://openalex.org/W1966210182', 'https://openalex.org/W1966982497', 'https://openalex.org/W1974257424', 'https://openalex.org/W1975559074', 'https://openalex.org/W1976053024', 'https://openalex.org/W1981109352', 'https://openalex.org/W1981776426', 'https://openalex.org/W1985980960', 'https://openalex.org/W1991371670', 'https://openalex.org/W1991508935', 'https://openalex.org/W1992063865', 'https://openalex.org/W1992494052', 'https://openalex.org/W1992897352', 'https://openalex.org/W1997032932', 'https://openalex.org/W2003221669', 'https://openalex.org/W2004142841', 'https://openalex.org/W2007159600', 'https://openalex.org/W2014526961', 'https://openalex.org/W2018251754', 'https://openalex.org/W2021381137', 'https://openalex.org/W2024114770', 'https://openalex.org/W2024658045', 'https://openalex.org/W2027207560', 'https://openalex.org/W2028472969', 'https://openalex.org/W2031046599', 'https://openalex.org/W2033618294', 'https://openalex.org/W2033975859', 'https://openalex.org/W2045860048', 'https://openalex.org/W2056745481', 'https://openalex.org/W2057932430', 'https://openalex.org/W2058343837', 'https://openalex.org/W2075859230', 'https://openalex.org/W2089789587', 'https://openalex.org/W2092432723', 'https://openalex.org/W2098310507', 'https://openalex.org/W2149605659', 'https://openalex.org/W2151790954', 'https://openalex.org/W2164256101', 'https://openalex.org/W2320500788'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2978604981', 'https://openalex.org/W2392256734', 'https://openalex.org/W2387596343', 'https://openalex.org/W2383189010', 'https://openalex.org/W2374736337', 'https://openalex.org/W2373330317', 'https://openalex.org/W2361514477', 'https://openalex.org/W2348906238', 'https://openalex.org/W2040029152', 'https://openalex.org/W2003609497'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 105, 180], 'relation': [1], 'between': [2], 'the': [3, 47, 50, 55, 125, 143, 145, 159, 162, 167, 195, 209], 'microstructure': [4, 48], 'and': [5, 9, 25, 33, 39, 58, 82, 102, 111, 139, 185, 200, 208, 212], 'sludge': [6, 79], 'conditioning': [7, 80, 126], 'performance': [8, 81], 'mechanism': [10, 83], 'of': [11, 49, 62, 69, 76, 96, 115, 128, 150, 161, 191, 197], 'cationic': [12, 70, 113, 147, 182], 'polyacrylamide': [13], '(CPAM)': [14], '(low': [15], 'charge': [16, 154, 198], 'density': [17], '(CD)': [18], 'CPAM': [19, 23, 28], 'C1,': [20], 'medium': [21, 181], 'CD': [22, 27], 'C4,': [24], 'high': [26, 136], 'C7)': [29], 'was': [30, 84, 169], 'extensively': [31], 'studied': [32, 85], 'recognized': [34], 'in': [35], 'this': [36], 'study.': [37], 'Igarashi': [38], 'Pyun': [40], 'models': [41], 'based': [42], 'on': [43, 78], 'reactivity': [44], 'ratio': [45], 'characterized': [46], 'polymers.': [51], 'Results': [52], 'indicated': [53], 'that': [54], 'blockness': [56, 148, 183], 'percent': [57, 149, 184], 'mean': [59, 186], 'sequence': [60, 109, 189], 'length': [61, 110, 190], 'acrylamide': [63], '(AM)': [64], 'unit': [65, 71, 108, 114, 188], 'decreased,': [66], 'whereas': [67], 'those': [68], 'increased': [72], 'with': [73, 203], 'CD.': [74], 'Effect': [75], 'dosage': [77], 'by': [86], 'measuring': [87], 'turbidity,': [88], 'filter': [89], 'cake': [90], 'moisture': [91], 'content': [92], '(FCMC),': [93], 'specific': [94], 'resistance': [95], 'filtration': [97], '(SRF),': [98], 'floc': [99], 'size': [100], 'distribution,': [101], 'zeta': [103], 'potential.': [104], 'longest': [106], 'AM': [107, 129, 187], 'separated': [112], 'C1': [116], 'were': [117, 130], 'concluded': [118], 'to': [119, 158, 194], 'be': [120], 'responsible': [121], 'for': [122, 177], 'bridging.': [123], 'Moreover,': [124], 'disadvantages': [127], 'as': [131, 174], 'follows:': [132], 'narrow': [133], 'flocculation': [134, 206], 'window,': [135], 'optimum': [137, 164], 'dosage,': [138], 'maximum': [140], 'FCMC.': [141], 'On': [142], 'contrary,': [144], 'highest': [146], 'C7': [151], 'favored': [152], 'efficient': [153], 'neutralization,': [155], 'which': [156, 172], 'contributed': [157], 'generation': [160], 'lowest': [163, 210], 'dosage.': [165], 'However,': [166], 'SRF': [168], 'significantly': [170], 'high,': [171], 'posed': [173], 'a': [175, 204], 'difficulty': [176], 'future': [178], 'treatments.': [179], 'C4': [192], 'led': [193], 'combination': [196], 'neutralization': [199], 'bridging': [201], 'effect': [202], 'wide': [205], 'window': [207], 'FCMC': [211], 'SRF.': [213]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2263548737', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T15:22:01.693164', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}