Title: L'Irak face aux questions religieuses et ethniques (Iraq Face of Religious and Ethnic Issues)
Abstract: French Abstract: La geographie du peuplement de l’Irak est profondement bouleversee depuis les conquetes militaires de Daech. Pour comprendre la situation actuelle, il importe de re-venir sur l’histoire du territoire irakien dans ses delimitations reconnues internationale-ment et de savoir pourquoi l’Irak est, a l’origine, un Etat pluri-religieux et pluriethnique. L’idee la plus souvent avancee consiste a y voir le resultat de decisions imposees de l’exterieur fixant les frontieres du pays. Ce n’est pas faux. Les evenements geopolitiques du debut du XXe siecle, et notamment les evolutions consecutives a la Premiere Guerre mondiale, sont essentiels pour la geographie frontaliere du Moyen-Orient. Toutefois, il ne faut pas se limiter aux accords Sykes-Picot mais prendre egalement en compte l’evolution geopolitique aux Etats-Unis et les negociations franco-britanniques aux-quelles ont participe Clemenceau et Lloyd George en 1920.En outre, le caractere pluri-religieux et pluriethnique de l’Irak n’est pas seulement lie aux frontieres retenues en 1920, mais aussi le fruit d’une histoire beaucoup plus an-cienne des territoires qui composent ce pays, une histoire qui explique la diffusion des religions du livre mais qui relate egalement de nombreux choix theologiques divergents au sein d’abord de la religion chretienne puis de l’islam, choix accentuant le caractere pluri-religieux. Au total, l’Irak est un pays pluri-religieux et pluriethnique en raison non seulement d’un partage territorial impose de l’exterieur mais aussi de sa propre histoire.English Abstract: The geography of population of Iraq is severely disrupted since the military conquests of Daech. To understand the current situation, it is important to re-ahead on the history of Iraqi territory in its internationally recognized boundaries and why Iraq is, originally, a multi-religious and multi-ethnic state. The most often cited idea is to see it as the result of decisions imposed from without fixing the borders. This is not true. Geopolitical events of the early twentieth century, including the consecutive developments in the First World War, are essential to the border geography of the Middle East. However, it should not be limited to the Sykes-Picot but also take into account geopolitical developments in the US and Franco-British negotiations which took part in the Clemenceau and Lloyd George in 1920.In addition, the multi-religious and multi-ethnic character of Iraq is not only related to the borders selected in 1920, but also the fruit of a history much an-CIENNE territories that make up this country, a story that explains dissemination of religions of the book but also recounts many divergent theological choices within first of Christianity and Islam, emphasizing the choice multi-religious character. In all, Iraq is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic country, not only because of a territorial division imposed from outside but also from its own history.
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-04-01
Language: fr
Type: article
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