Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2258358114', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv075', 'title': 'Just War and Robots’ Killings', 'display_name': 'Just War and Robots’ Killings', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-08-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2258358114', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv075', 'mag': '2258358114'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv075', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/pq/article-pdf/66/263/302/7441189/pqv075.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S81959571', 'display_name': 'The Philosophical Quarterly', 'issn_l': '0031-8094', 'issn': ['0031-8094', '1467-9213'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/pq/article-pdf/66/263/302/7441189/pqv075.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101980254', 'display_name': 'Thomas W. Simpson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0848-4904'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas W. Simpson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Oxford, UK E-mail:'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Oxford, UK E-mail:', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026465320', 'display_name': 'Vincent C. Müller', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-4957'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179450942', 'display_name': 'Anatolia College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04cchyf16', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179450942']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincent C. Müller', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Anatolia College/ACT, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Anatolia College/ACT, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I179450942']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5101980254'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2892, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3547, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 22.115, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 50, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999948, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '66', 'issue': '263', 'first_page': '302', 'last_page': '322'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12957', 'display_name': 'War, Ethics, and Justification', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12957', 'display_name': 'War, Ethics, and Justification', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13076', 'display_name': 'Torture, Ethics, and Law', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11997', 'display_name': 'Free Will and Agency', 'score': 0.9891, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/argument', 'display_name': 'Argument (complex analysis)', 'score': 0.71599543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution', 'display_name': 'Redistribution', 'score': 0.4219963}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90509273', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012', 'display_name': 'Robot', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75526893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98184364', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131', 'display_name': 'Argument (complex analysis)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71599543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167388122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847198', 'display_name': 'Just war theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.522931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46425846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44977754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74080474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975', 'display_name': 'Redistribution (election)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4219963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4171537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29932415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2606805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2595686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81631423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859', 'display_name': 'Spanish Civil War', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2512607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv075', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/pq/article-pdf/66/263/302/7441189/pqv075.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S81959571', 'display_name': 'The Philosophical Quarterly', 'issn_l': '0031-8094', 'issn': ['0031-8094', '1467-9213'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://philarchive.org/rec/SIMJWA', 'pdf_url': 'https://philpapers.org/archive/SIMJWA.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402130', 'display_name': 'PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26a96612-b5aa-4cf6-97ec-63a3200a29ff', 'pdf_url': 'https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26a96612-b5aa-4cf6-97ec-63a3200a29ff/files/m235fbb64c92093a90130975d284e3864', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402636', 'display_name': 'Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Oxford', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e1b2f9a-e97b-4b7d-8c9f-9179b8d6cd39', 'pdf_url': 'https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e1b2f9a-e97b-4b7d-8c9f-9179b8d6cd39/files/m19a7f7fbdad3b344a479a72442298f37', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402636', 'display_name': 'Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Oxford', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv075', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/pq/article-pdf/66/263/302/7441189/pqv075.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S81959571', 'display_name': 'The Philosophical Quarterly', 'issn_l': '0031-8094', 'issn': ['0031-8094', '1467-9213'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.76}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 67, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W120724705', 'https://openalex.org/W148292880', 'https://openalex.org/W1499288804', 'https://openalex.org/W1511264461', 'https://openalex.org/W15207498', 'https://openalex.org/W1525480575', 'https://openalex.org/W1533257788', 'https://openalex.org/W154680843', 'https://openalex.org/W1574469220', 'https://openalex.org/W1591132889', 'https://openalex.org/W1598688823', 'https://openalex.org/W1598833738', 'https://openalex.org/W1947718761', 'https://openalex.org/W1950534431', 'https://openalex.org/W1971758718', 'https://openalex.org/W1972963267', 'https://openalex.org/W1981788994', 'https://openalex.org/W1984049088', 'https://openalex.org/W1986886662', 'https://openalex.org/W1993091619', 'https://openalex.org/W2003097390', 'https://openalex.org/W2014750572', 'https://openalex.org/W2028001572', 'https://openalex.org/W2031245489', 'https://openalex.org/W2043266711', 'https://openalex.org/W2053446493', 'https://openalex.org/W2057314597', 'https://openalex.org/W2062864680', 'https://openalex.org/W2068694121', 'https://openalex.org/W2087710120', 'https://openalex.org/W2097091547', 'https://openalex.org/W2118369168', 'https://openalex.org/W2122818514', 'https://openalex.org/W2137204690', 'https://openalex.org/W2156977072', 'https://openalex.org/W2167596655', 'https://openalex.org/W2167644634', 'https://openalex.org/W2279604795', 'https://openalex.org/W2330181317', 'https://openalex.org/W2352829877', 'https://openalex.org/W2475627006', 'https://openalex.org/W2480334267', 'https://openalex.org/W2482028709', 'https://openalex.org/W2486775891', 'https://openalex.org/W2488226375', 'https://openalex.org/W2488902916', 'https://openalex.org/W2504199570', 'https://openalex.org/W2525154464', 'https://openalex.org/W2794095290', 'https://openalex.org/W2795828637', 'https://openalex.org/W2905191592', 'https://openalex.org/W3123390726', 'https://openalex.org/W3124594392', 'https://openalex.org/W3177243356', 'https://openalex.org/W3204158394', 'https://openalex.org/W4205651574', 'https://openalex.org/W4207012491', 'https://openalex.org/W4232036072', 'https://openalex.org/W4233438775', 'https://openalex.org/W4252382080', 'https://openalex.org/W4255410388', 'https://openalex.org/W4300459321', 'https://openalex.org/W4388066485', 'https://openalex.org/W4388257220', 'https://openalex.org/W569670378', 'https://openalex.org/W612439035', 'https://openalex.org/W72162311'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4387718383', 'https://openalex.org/W3008380943', 'https://openalex.org/W2519031001', 'https://openalex.org/W2209427229', 'https://openalex.org/W2115206405', 'https://openalex.org/W2080866340', 'https://openalex.org/W2068888481', 'https://openalex.org/W2051841911', 'https://openalex.org/W2002725676', 'https://openalex.org/W1966285083'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'May': [0], 'lethal': [1], 'autonomous': [2], 'weapons': [3], "systems—'killer": [4], "robots'—be": [5], 'used': [6], 'in': [7, 22, 100, 110], 'war?': [8], 'The': [9], 'majority': [10], 'of': [11, 36, 43, 47, 86, 98, 103, 123], 'writers': [12], 'argue': [13], 'against': [14, 62], 'their': [15], 'use,': [16], 'and': [17, 138], 'those': [18], 'who': [19], 'have': [20, 24], 'argued': [21], 'favour': [23], 'done': [25], 'so': [26], 'on': [27, 40], 'a': [28, 130], 'consequentialist': [29], 'basis.': [30], 'We': [31, 76], 'defend': [32], 'the': [33, 41, 44, 58, 65, 73, 79, 92, 96, 101], 'moral': [34, 81], 'permissibility': [35], 'killer': [37, 63, 114, 135], 'robots,': [38, 64], 'but': [39, 112], 'basis': [42], 'non-aggregative': [45], 'structure': [46], 'right': [48], 'assumed': [49], 'by': [50, 69], 'Just': [51], 'War': [52], 'theory.': [53], 'This': [54], 'is': [55, 83, 90, 107, 126, 129], 'necessary': [56], 'because': [57], 'most': [59], 'important': [60], 'argument': [61, 125], 'responsibility': [66, 132], 'trilemma': [67], 'proposed': [68], 'Rob': [70], 'Sparrow,': [71], 'makes': [72], 'same': [74], 'assumptions.': [75], 'show': [77], 'that': [78, 127], 'crucial': [80], 'question': [82], 'not': [84], 'one': [85], 'responsibility.': [87], 'Rather,': [88], 'it': [89], 'whether': [91], 'technology': [93], 'can': [94], 'satisfy': [95, 118], 'requirements': [97], 'fairness': [99], 'redistribution': [102], 'risk.': [104], 'Not': [105], 'only': [106], 'this': [108], 'possible': [109], 'principle,': [111], 'some': [113], 'robots': [115], 'will': [116], 'actually': [117], 'these': [119], 'requirements.': [120], 'An': [121], 'implication': [122], 'our': [124], 'there': [128], 'public': [131], 'to': [133], 'regulate': [134], "robots'": [136], 'design': [137], 'manufacture.': [139]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2258358114', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T17:07:01.724074', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}