Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2226887442', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0730182', 'title': 'The chemistry of xanthine oxidase. 4. The problems of enzyme inactivation and stabilization', 'display_name': 'The chemistry of xanthine oxidase. 4. The problems of enzyme inactivation and stabilization', 'publication_year': 1959, 'publication_date': '1959-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2226887442', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0730182', 'mag': '2226887442', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13799274', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1197030'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0730182', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210234214', 'display_name': 'Biochemical Journal', 'issn_l': '0306-3283', 'issn': ['0306-3283'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608', 'host_organization_name': 'Portland Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311715', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Biochemical Society', 'Portland Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1197030?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072312152', 'display_name': 'F. Bergel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142947616', 'display_name': 'Institute of Cancer Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043jzw605', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I142947616']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. Bergel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London, S.W. 3'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London, S.W. 3', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142947616']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040421110', 'display_name': 'R C Bray', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142947616', 'display_name': 'Institute of Cancer Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043jzw605', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I142947616']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R C Bray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London, S.W. 3'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London, S.W. 3', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142947616']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.507, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 64, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.955474, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '73', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '182', 'last_page': '192'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12412', 'display_name': 'Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Medicine and Biotechnology', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12412', 'display_name': 'Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Medicine and Biotechnology', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10212', 'display_name': 'Electrochemical Biosensor Technology', 'score': 0.9837, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12827', 'display_name': 'Nucleotide Metabolism and Enzyme Regulation', 'score': 0.9781, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/icon', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'score': 0.74670756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/download', 'display_name': 'Download', 'score': 0.5598532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-regulation', 'display_name': 'Enzyme Regulation', 'score': 0.539992}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778447006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74670756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778805511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713', 'display_name': 'Citation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7108516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778102346', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412509', 'display_name': 'Xanthine oxidase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6277179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780154274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717', 'display_name': 'Download', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5598532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43851233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43830594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40717065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38478935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38172296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.28583485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24962944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D010088', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidoreductases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014969', 'descriptor_name': 'Xanthine Oxidase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010088', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidoreductases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0730182', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210234214', 'display_name': 'Biochemical Journal', 'issn_l': '0306-3283', 'issn': ['0306-3283'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608', 'host_organization_name': 'Portland Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311715', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Biochemical Society', 'Portland Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1197030', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1197030?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197030', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13799274', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1197030', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1197030?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 24, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10057399', 'https://openalex.org/W137540840', 'https://openalex.org/W149338480', 'https://openalex.org/W149351377', 'https://openalex.org/W183420363', 'https://openalex.org/W188002708', 'https://openalex.org/W1887349726', 'https://openalex.org/W1964565168', 'https://openalex.org/W1984774095', 'https://openalex.org/W1991572969', 'https://openalex.org/W1993077314', 'https://openalex.org/W2017934155', 'https://openalex.org/W2032508957', 'https://openalex.org/W2071876173', 'https://openalex.org/W2076336797', 'https://openalex.org/W2110826124', 'https://openalex.org/W2153354511', 'https://openalex.org/W2229001015', 'https://openalex.org/W2339874157', 'https://openalex.org/W2405493994', 'https://openalex.org/W241352172', 'https://openalex.org/W2418645455', 'https://openalex.org/W4251452479', 'https://openalex.org/W948701376'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4360922125', 'https://openalex.org/W4283720006', 'https://openalex.org/W4207071872', 'https://openalex.org/W3175319091', 'https://openalex.org/W2981902742', 'https://openalex.org/W220677501', 'https://openalex.org/W2175435306', 'https://openalex.org/W2076882245', 'https://openalex.org/W2056060060', 'https://openalex.org/W1504514227'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Research': [0, 24, 59], 'Article|': [1], 'September': [2, 141], '01': [3], '1959': [4, 194], 'The': [5, 11, 125, 131], 'chemistry': [6, 126], 'of': [7, 13, 27, 62, 127, 133], 'xanthine': [8, 128], 'oxidase.': [9, 129], '4.': [10, 130], 'problems': [12, 132], 'enzyme': [14, 134], 'inactivation': [15, 135], 'and': [16, 136], 'stabilization*': [17], 'F.': [18, 20, 120], 'Bergel;': [19], 'Bergel': [21], '1Chester': [22, 57], 'Beatty': [23, 58], 'Institute,': [25, 60], 'Institute': [26, 61], 'Cancer': [28, 31, 63, 66], 'Research:': [29, 64], 'Royal': [30, 65], 'Hospital,': [32, 67], 'Fulham': [33, 68], 'Road,': [34, 69], 'London,': [35, 70], 'S.W.': [36, 71], '3': [37, 72], 'Search': [38, 73, 164, 171, 182, 184], 'for': [39, 74], 'other': [40, 75], 'works': [41, 76], 'by': [42, 77], 'this': [43, 78, 212], 'author': [44, 79], 'on:': [45, 80], 'This': [46, 81, 185], 'Site': [47, 82], 'PubMed': [48, 83], 'Google': [49, 84], 'Scholar': [50, 85], 'R': [51, 54, 122], 'C': [52, 55, 123], 'Bray': [53, 56], 'Biochem': [86, 138], 'J': [87, 139], '(1959)': [88], '73': [89, 143], '(1):': [90, 144], '182–192.': [91, 145], 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0730182': [92, 147], 'Views': [93, 95], 'Icon': [94, 108, 115], 'Article': [96, 198], 'contents': [97], 'Figures': [98], '&': [99], 'tables': [100], 'Video': [101], 'Audio': [102], 'Supplementary': [103], 'Data': [104], 'Peer': [105], 'Review': [106], 'Share': [107, 109], 'Facebook': [110], 'Twitter': [111], 'LinkedIn': [112], 'MailTo': [113], 'Cite': [114, 116], 'Get': [117], 'Permissions': [118], 'Citation': [119], 'Bergel,': [121], 'Bray;': [124], 'stabilization.': [137], '1': [140], '1959;': [142], 'doi:': [146], 'Download': [148], 'citation': [149], 'file:': [150], 'Ris': [151], '(Zotero)': [152], 'Reference': [153], 'Manager': [154], 'EasyBib': [155], 'Bookends': [156], 'Mendeley': [157], 'Papers': [158], 'EndNote': [159], 'RefWorks': [160], 'BibTex': [161], 'toolbar': [162, 167], 'search': [163, 168, 169, 177], 'Dropdown': [165], 'Menu': [166], 'input': [170, 172], 'auto': [173], 'suggest': [174], 'filter': [175], 'your': [176], 'All': [178], 'ContentAll': [179], 'JournalsBiochemical': [180], 'Journal': [181], 'Advanced': [183], 'content': [186], 'is': [187], 'only': [188], 'available': [189], 'as': [190], 'a': [191], 'PDF.': [192], '©': [193], 'CAMBRIDGE': [195], 'UNIVERSITY': [196], 'PRESS1959': [197], 'PDF': [199], 'first': [200], 'page': [201], 'preview': [202], 'Close': [203], 'Modal': [204], 'You': [205], 'do': [206], 'not': [207], 'currently': [208], 'have': [209], 'access': [210], 'to': [211], 'content.': [213]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2226887442', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T13:35:20.980411', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}