Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2221411784', 'doi': None, 'title': 'An Efficient Preprocessing Algorithm for Entropy Coding', 'display_name': 'An Efficient Preprocessing Algorithm for Entropy Coding', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2221411784', 'mag': '2221411784'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01734469', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306514607', 'display_name': 'ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Circuits Systems, Computers and Communications', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101038977', 'display_name': 'Yoo HanSang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heejin Yoo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057141992', 'display_name': 'Heeyong Yoo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heeyong Yoo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101593920', 'display_name': 'Se‐Young Jang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-0267'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seyoung Jang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048662568', 'display_name': 'Kangsoo You', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kangsoo You', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '1527', 'last_page': '1528'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10320', 'display_name': 'Neural Network Fundamentals and Applications', 'score': 0.9016, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10320', 'display_name': 'Neural Network Fundamentals and Applications', 'score': 0.9016, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-maps', 'display_name': 'Self-Organizing Maps', 'score': 0.554519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning', 'display_name': 'Deep Learning', 'score': 0.554503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/function-approximation', 'display_name': 'Function Approximation', 'score': 0.548674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation-learning', 'display_name': 'Backpropagation Learning', 'score': 0.539661}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-networks', 'display_name': 'Feedforward Neural Networks', 'score': 0.522516}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6013076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34736171', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333', 'display_name': 'Preprocessor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5676714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5646598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106301342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933', 'display_name': 'Entropy (arrow of time)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47398964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179518139', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297', 'display_name': 'Coding (social sciences)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43586776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3922025}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38021967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12916645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01734469', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306514607', 'display_name': 'ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Circuits Systems, Computers and Communications', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2284065362', 'https://openalex.org/W2278650051', 'https://openalex.org/W2266253442', 'https://openalex.org/W2253550125', 'https://openalex.org/W2248859848', 'https://openalex.org/W2246095046', 'https://openalex.org/W2239134318', 'https://openalex.org/W2237664625', 'https://openalex.org/W2233502756', 'https://openalex.org/W2219965910', 'https://openalex.org/W2209735857', 'https://openalex.org/W2208642845', 'https://openalex.org/W2206125264', 'https://openalex.org/W2203691652', 'https://openalex.org/W2203462712', 'https://openalex.org/W2203333645', 'https://openalex.org/W2199093453', 'https://openalex.org/W2117193837', 'https://openalex.org/W1917422201', 'https://openalex.org/W1561440384'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2221411784', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T04:13:41.517431', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}