Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2212981878', 'doi': None, 'title': 'The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus.', 'display_name': 'The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus.', 'publication_year': 1983, 'publication_date': '1983-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2212981878', 'mag': '2212981878', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6137207'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6137207', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014189806', 'display_name': 'L. Usellini', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25217355', 'display_name': 'University of Pavia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00s6t1f81', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25217355']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L Usellini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. Pavia a Varese'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. Pavia a Varese', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25217355']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113557519', 'display_name': 'P. Tenti', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25217355', 'display_name': 'University of Pavia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00s6t1f81', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25217355']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P Tenti', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. Pavia a Varese'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. Pavia a Varese', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25217355']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013343324', 'display_name': 'Roberto Fiocca', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-6185'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210163019', 'display_name': 'Alleanza Contro il Cancro', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05y4mf750', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163019']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R Fiocca', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['A.O.U. San Martino - IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (GENOVA)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'A.O.U. San Martino - IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (GENOVA)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163019']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042391984', 'display_name': 'Cristina Capella', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C Capella', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071987950', 'display_name': 'Roberto Buffa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-859X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R Buffa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067267060', 'display_name': 'C Terenghi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C Terenghi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102929861', 'display_name': 'Jarosław Polak', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-7589'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J M Polak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063169537', 'display_name': 'Enrico Solcia', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210151645', 'display_name': 'Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05w1q1c88', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210151645', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'display_name': 'Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tfzc498', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E Solcia', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210151645', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.796, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 26, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.79226, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '87', 'last_page': '102'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10152', 'display_name': 'Animal Nutrition and Physiology', 'score': 0.9398, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1103', 'display_name': 'Animal Science and Zoology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10152', 'display_name': 'Animal Nutrition and Physiology', 'score': 0.9398, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1103', 'display_name': 'Animal Science and Zoology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/enteroendocrine-cell', 'display_name': 'Enteroendocrine cell', 'score': 0.9165794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/proventriculus', 'display_name': 'Proventriculus', 'score': 0.9013127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-type', 'display_name': 'Cell type', 'score': 0.543214}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103395026', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380231', 'display_name': 'Enteroendocrine cell', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9165794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25205856', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q522113', 'display_name': 'Proventriculus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9013127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776297358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407166', 'display_name': 'Somatostatin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6253561}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778448772', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349427', 'display_name': 'Bombesin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6238192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46699223', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078', 'display_name': 'Endocrine system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6043727}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.55306405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189014844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118', 'display_name': 'Cell type', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.543214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204232928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285', 'display_name': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5204889}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74864618', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446', 'display_name': 'Staining', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46851707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1491633281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42135742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.408881}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3908602}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36242235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71315377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364', 'display_name': 'Hormone', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16567588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16349852}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.111219406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10146636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.090765625}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118303440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419968', 'display_name': 'Neuropeptide', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.08986482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.08433795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.049360245}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005768', 'descriptor_name': 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011531', 'descriptor_name': 'Proventriculus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001839', 'descriptor_name': 'Bombesin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001839', 'descriptor_name': 'Bombesin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002645', 'descriptor_name': 'Chickens', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002645', 'descriptor_name': 'Chickens', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004759', 'descriptor_name': 'Enterochromaffin Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004759', 'descriptor_name': 'Enterochromaffin Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005768', 'descriptor_name': 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005934', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucagon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005934', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucagon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006651', 'descriptor_name': 'Histocytochemistry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011531', 'descriptor_name': 'Proventriculus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011531', 'descriptor_name': 'Proventriculus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011531', 'descriptor_name': 'Proventriculus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012701', 'descriptor_name': 'Serotonin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012701', 'descriptor_name': 'Serotonin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013004', 'descriptor_name': 'Somatostatin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013004', 'descriptor_name': 'Somatostatin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6137207', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2212981878', 'https://openalex.org/W2171024463', 'https://openalex.org/W2131521086', 'https://openalex.org/W2098440502', 'https://openalex.org/W2081165789', 'https://openalex.org/W2074171287', 'https://openalex.org/W2044540902', 'https://openalex.org/W1997479018', 'https://openalex.org/W1981436341', 'https://openalex.org/W130637186'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 17], 'endocrine': [1, 19, 91], 'cells': [2], 'of': [3, 27, 54, 68, 83, 112], 'the': [4, 34, 41, 81, 89, 97, 108, 113], 'chicken': [5], 'proventriculus': [6], 'were': [7, 22, 30], 'investigated': [8], 'by': [9], 'selective': [10], 'staining': [11], 'techniques,': [12], 'immunohistochemistry': [13], 'and': [14, 61, 77, 103], 'electron': [15], 'microscopy.': [16], 'following': [18], 'cell': [20, 70, 92], 'types': [21, 71, 93], 'identified:': [23], '1)': [24], 'Argyrophilic': [25], 'ECL-cells,': [26], 'unknown': [28, 55], 'function,': [29], 'very': [31], 'numerous': [32, 39], 'in': [33, 40, 96, 107], '21-day-old': [35], 'chick,': [36], 'but': [37], 'less': [38], 'newborn': [42], 'chick;': [43], '2)': [44], 'somatostatin-producing': [45], 'D-cells;': [46], '3)': [47], 'GLI-cells': [48], 'producing': [49, 59], 'glucagon-related': [50], 'peptides;': [51], '4)': [52], 'X-cells': [53], 'function;': [56], '5)': [57], 'BN-cells': [58], 'bombesin;': [60], '6)': [62], 'relatively': [63], 'few': [64], '5-hydroxytryptamine-producing': [65], 'EC-cells.': [66], 'Each': [67], 'these': [69], 'show': [72], 'a': [73], 'distinct': [74], 'morphology,': [75], 'distribution': [76], 'histochemical': [78], 'reactivity.': [79], 'With': [80], 'exception': [82], 'BN-cells,': [84], 'they': [85], 'resemble': [86], 'rather': [87], 'closely': [88], 'corresponding': [90], 'previously': [94], 'described': [95], 'oxyntic': [98], 'mucosa': [99, 110], '(EGL,': [100], 'D,': [101], 'X': [102], 'EC': [104], 'cells)': [105], 'or': [106], 'intestinal': [109], '(L-cells)': [111], 'mammalian': [114], 'gut.': [115]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2212981878', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T21:25:23.222671', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}