Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2183448315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0302:tceitc]2.0.co;2', 'title': 'THE “CROWDING EFFECT” IN THE CESTODE SCHISTOCEPHALUS SOLIDUS: DENSITY-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON PLEROCERCOID SIZE AND INFECTIVITY', 'display_name': 'THE “CROWDING EFFECT” IN THE CESTODE SCHISTOCEPHALUS SOLIDUS: DENSITY-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON PLEROCERCOID SIZE AND INFECTIVITY', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2183448315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0302:tceitc]2.0.co;2', 'mag': '2183448315', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12054002'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0302:tceitc]2.0.co;2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31573680', 'display_name': 'Journal of Parasitology', 'issn_l': '0022-3395', 'issn': ['0022-3395', '1937-2345'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316431', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Parasitologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316431'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Parasitologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083092194', 'display_name': 'David C. Heins', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-8777'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114832834', 'display_name': 'Tulane University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmvtb21', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David C. Heins', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018669106', 'display_name': 'John A. Baker', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-8068'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114832834', 'display_name': 'Tulane University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmvtb21', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John A. Baker', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013737199', 'display_name': 'Hillery C. Martin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114832834', 'display_name': 'Tulane University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmvtb21', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hillery C. Martin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114832834']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.69, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 58, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.916206, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '88', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '302', 'last_page': '307'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10815', 'display_name': 'Parasite Biology and Host Interactions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10815', 'display_name': 'Parasite Biology and Host Interactions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12178', 'display_name': 'Bird parasitology and diseases', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10695', 'display_name': 'Parasites and Host Interactions', 'score': 0.9853, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding', 'display_name': 'Crowding', 'score': 0.7098328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/infectivity', 'display_name': 'Infectivity', 'score': 0.59568113}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780558290', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134491', 'display_name': 'Gasterosteus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.97173}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.849453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71928629', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206', 'display_name': 'Parasite hosting', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72232354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149333683', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189188', 'display_name': 'Crowding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7098328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106358424', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346', 'display_name': 'Infectivity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59568113}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201997182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673', 'display_name': 'Intermediate host', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55967647}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126831891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673', 'display_name': 'Host (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55069065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779452502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159715', 'display_name': 'Cestoda', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5315965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91306197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767', 'display_name': 'Competition (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5080929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778938320', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215420', 'display_name': 'Stickleback', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42130837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40888262}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165901193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936', 'display_name': 'Helminths', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.24553257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909208804', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282', 'display_name': 'Fish <Actinopterygii>', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18569556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C505870484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538', 'display_name': 'Fishery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15397367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.088460654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08448282}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002589', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestoda', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000254', 'qualifier_name': 'growth & development', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002590', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestode Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000662', 'qualifier_name': 'veterinary', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005393', 'descriptor_name': 'Fish Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000469', 'qualifier_name': 'parasitology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D023701', 'descriptor_name': 'Smegmamorpha', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000469', 'qualifier_name': 'parasitology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000413', 'descriptor_name': 'Alaska', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002589', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestoda', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002589', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestoda', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002590', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestode Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000469', 'qualifier_name': 'parasitology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002590', 'descriptor_name': 'Cestode Infections', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005393', 'descriptor_name': 'Fish Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006790', 'descriptor_name': 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D023701', 'descriptor_name': 'Smegmamorpha', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0302:tceitc]2.0.co;2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31573680', 'display_name': 'Journal of Parasitology', 'issn_l': '0022-3395', 'issn': ['0022-3395', '1937-2345'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316431', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Parasitologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316431'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Parasitologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12054002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water', 'score': 0.61}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1523458688', 'https://openalex.org/W1724774935', 'https://openalex.org/W1970646221', 'https://openalex.org/W1978177900', 'https://openalex.org/W1980156696', 'https://openalex.org/W1982307984', 'https://openalex.org/W1991402451', 'https://openalex.org/W1996988177', 'https://openalex.org/W1997533635', 'https://openalex.org/W2001218670', 'https://openalex.org/W2001952970', 'https://openalex.org/W2006706254', 'https://openalex.org/W2011596025', 'https://openalex.org/W2011711877', 'https://openalex.org/W2015028302', 'https://openalex.org/W2062159478', 'https://openalex.org/W2070451634', 'https://openalex.org/W2076686703', 'https://openalex.org/W2080898826', 'https://openalex.org/W2095542763', 'https://openalex.org/W2109812350', 'https://openalex.org/W2116364307', 'https://openalex.org/W2131107581', 'https://openalex.org/W2131318941', 'https://openalex.org/W2146190395', 'https://openalex.org/W2161173511', 'https://openalex.org/W2161916955', 'https://openalex.org/W2163504729', 'https://openalex.org/W2168375764', 'https://openalex.org/W2177134375', 'https://openalex.org/W2201694015', 'https://openalex.org/W2259811848', 'https://openalex.org/W4236308900', 'https://openalex.org/W4244398137'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388245660', 'https://openalex.org/W4296703655', 'https://openalex.org/W2468472115', 'https://openalex.org/W2377112615', 'https://openalex.org/W2334931561', 'https://openalex.org/W2313039799', 'https://openalex.org/W2289384297', 'https://openalex.org/W2231527', 'https://openalex.org/W2169575990', 'https://openalex.org/W2154977258'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 147], 'occurrence': [1], 'of': [2, 10, 34, 63, 71, 88, 110, 177, 185, 192], 'the': [3, 11, 58, 113, 143, 151, 171, 186, 193], 'crowding': [4, 145, 152, 187], 'effect': [5, 153], 'was': [6], 'demonstrated': [7], 'in': [8, 44, 57, 106, 134, 168], 'plerocercoids': [9], 'cestode': [12], 'Schistocephalus': [13], 'solidus': [14], 'infecting': [15], 'threespine': [16], 'stickleback': [17], 'Gasterosteus': [18], 'aculeatus': [19], 'from': [20], 'Walby': [21, 78], 'and': [22, 54, 68, 81, 99, 119, 160, 182], 'Scout': [23, 107], 'lakes,': [24, 173], 'Alaska.': [25], 'Contrary': [26], 'to': [27, 40, 49, 52, 55], 'an': [28, 45, 190], 'earlier': [29], 'report,': [30], 'relatively': [31], 'large': [32, 42], 'numbers': [33], 'parasites': [35], '(>3-4': [36], 'plerocercoids)': [37], 'were': [38, 85, 103, 124, 165], 'observed': [39, 144], 'grow': [41], 'enough': [43], 'intermediate': [46], 'host': [47, 60, 82, 96, 161], 'fish': [48], 'become': [50], 'competent': [51], 'infect': [53], 'mature': [56], 'definitive': [59], 'under': [61], 'any': [62], '3': [64], 'assumed': [65], 'threshold': [66], 'values': [67], '1': [69], 'scenario': [70], 'graded': [72], 'sizes': [73], 'for': [74, 121, 150], 'parasite': [75, 101, 117, 178], 'competency.': [76], 'In': [77], 'Lake,': [79], 'intensity': [80, 120], 'body': [83, 97], 'mass': [84, 91, 118], 'significant': [86, 104, 166], 'predictors': [87, 105], 'mean': [89, 116], 'plerocercoid': [90], 'per': [92], 'host,': [93], 'whereas': [94], 'intensity,': [95], 'mass,': [98], 'combined': [100], 'index': [102], 'Lake.': [108], 'Slopes': [109], 'equations': [111], 'expressing': [112], 'relationship': [114], 'between': [115, 170], 'both': [122], 'lakes': [123], 'less': [125], 'than': [126, 132], '1,': [127], 'implying': [128], 'that': [129], 'processes': [130], 'other': [131], 'or': [133], 'combination': [135], 'with': [136], 'simple': [137], 'resource': [138], 'limitation': [139], 'might': [140], 'be': [141], 'producing': [142], 'effect.': [146], 'causal': [148], 'mechanism': [149], 'could': [154], 'include': [155], 'exploitative': [156], 'competition,': [157, 159], 'interference': [158], 'immune': [162], 'response.': [163], 'There': [164], 'differences': [167, 194], 'infection': [169], 'two': [172], 'including': [174], 'different': [175, 183], 'distributions': [176], 'intensities': [179], 'among': [180], 'hosts': [181], 'expressions': [184], 'effect;': [188], 'however,': [189], 'explanation': [191], 'awaits': [195], 'further': [196], 'investigation.': [197]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2183448315', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T08:38:18.661883', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}