Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2180600715', 'doi': None, 'title': 'SURROGATES: enabling near-real-time dynamic analyses of embedded systems', 'display_name': 'SURROGATES: enabling near-real-time dynamic analyses of embedded systems', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-08-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2180600715', 'mag': '2180600715'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~yoshi/papers/woot15-paper-koscher.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029847643', 'display_name': 'Karl Koscher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36258959', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Diego', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0168r3w48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karl Koscher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[UC San Diego]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[UC San Diego]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026130910', 'display_name': 'Tadayoshi Kohno', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-226X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tadayoshi Kohno', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington ;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington ;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101905586', 'display_name': 'Dávid Molnár', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-4984'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164937', 'display_name': 'Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05k87vq12', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1290206253', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164937']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Molnar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(Microsoft)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(Microsoft)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164937']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.184, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 49, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.964763, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '7', 'last_page': '7'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10933', 'display_name': 'Real-Time Systems Scheduling', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1708', 'display_name': 'Hardware and Architecture'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10933', 'display_name': 'Real-Time Systems Scheduling', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1708', 'display_name': 'Hardware and Architecture'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10904', 'display_name': 'Embedded Systems Design Techniques', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1708', 'display_name': 'Hardware and Architecture'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10743', 'display_name': 'Software Testing and Debugging Techniques', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1712', 'display_name': 'Software'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware', 'display_name': 'Firmware', 'score': 0.8151267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-software', 'display_name': 'Embedded software', 'score': 0.41507483}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67212190', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851', 'display_name': 'Firmware', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8151267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.80512035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149635348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040', 'display_name': 'Embedded system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6916537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777904410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397', 'display_name': 'Software', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4549238}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136197465', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295', 'display_name': 'Variety (cybernetics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41702384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154488198', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007', 'display_name': 'Embedded software', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41507483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120314980', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634', 'display_name': 'Distributed computing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35499036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30202752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~yoshi/papers/woot15-paper-koscher.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W157156687', 'https://openalex.org/W1694077306', 'https://openalex.org/W2043118292', 'https://openalex.org/W2116949144', 'https://openalex.org/W2137530017', 'https://openalex.org/W2143472559', 'https://openalex.org/W87635799'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3048512654', 'https://openalex.org/W3018354080', 'https://openalex.org/W2977770803', 'https://openalex.org/W2889242166', 'https://openalex.org/W2889022041', 'https://openalex.org/W2884769489', 'https://openalex.org/W2782780792', 'https://openalex.org/W2608968506', 'https://openalex.org/W2576376563', 'https://openalex.org/W2574017551', 'https://openalex.org/W2514974017', 'https://openalex.org/W2215262239', 'https://openalex.org/W2180970301', 'https://openalex.org/W2137530017', 'https://openalex.org/W2132574561', 'https://openalex.org/W2119812052', 'https://openalex.org/W2091939272', 'https://openalex.org/W2043118292', 'https://openalex.org/W1710734607', 'https://openalex.org/W1694077306'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Embedded': [0], 'systems': [1, 12, 31, 48, 69], 'are': [2], 'becoming': [3], 'increasingly': [4], 'sophisticated,': [5], 'inter-connected,': [6], 'and': [7, 66, 93, 137, 141], 'pervasive.': [8], 'Unfortunately,': [9], 'securing': [10], 'these': [11, 37], 'remains': [13], 'challenging.': [14], 'While': [15], 'powerful': [16], 'dynamic': [17, 76, 125], 'analysis': [18, 77, 126], 'tools': [19], 'have': [20], 'been': [21, 43], 'developed': [22], 'for': [23], 'traditional': [24], 'software,': [25], 'the': [26, 88, 94, 99, 104, 109, 116, 118, 134], 'unique': [27], 'characteristics': [28], 'of': [29, 52, 64, 75, 115], 'embedded': [30, 68], 'make': [32], 'it': [33], 'difficult': [34], 'to': [35, 46, 103], 'apply': [36], 'well-known': [38], 'techniques;': [39], 'prior': [40, 146], 'work': [41], 'has': [42], 'limited': [44], 'either': [45], 'small': [47], 'or': [49], 'short': [50], 'segments': [51], 'code.': [53], 'In': [54], 'this': [55], 'paper,': [56], 'we': [57], 'demonstrate': [58], 'a': [59, 73, 82, 112], 'system': [60, 95, 144], 'that': [61], 'is': [62], 'capable': [63], 'emulating': [65], 'instrumenting': [67], 'in': [70], 'near-real-time,': [71], 'enabling': [72, 123], 'variety': [74], 'techniques.': [78], 'Our': [79], 'approach': [80], 'uses': [81], 'custom,': [83], 'low-latency': [84], 'FPGA': [85], 'bridge': [86], 'between': [87], "host's": [89], 'PCI': [90], 'Express': [91], 'bus': [92], 'under': [96], 'test,': [97], 'allowing': [98], 'emulator': [100, 110], 'full': [101], 'access': [102], "system's": [105], 'peripherals.': [106], 'This': [107], 'provides': [108], 'with': [111], 'faithful': [113], 'representation': [114], 'environment': [117], 'firmware': [119], 'normally': [120], 'executes': [121], 'in,': [122], 'additional': [124], 'techniques': [127], 'such': [128], 'as': [129], 'concolic': [130], 'execution.': [131], 'We': [132], 'discuss': [133], 'design': [135], 'decisions': [136], 'engineering': [138], 'tradeoffs': [139], 'made': [140], 'evaluate': [142], 'our': [143], 'against': [145], 'work.': [147]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2180600715', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-13T04:35:39.597992', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}