Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2176787918', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2165', 'title': 'Climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene', 'display_name': 'Climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-06-20', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2176787918', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2165', 'mag': '2176787918'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2165', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S70522100', 'display_name': 'Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society', 'issn_l': '0035-9009', 'issn': ['0035-9009', '1477-870X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.earth-syst-dynam-discuss.net/2/531/2011/esdd-2-531-2011-supplement.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057364992', 'display_name': 'Michael Previdi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-1849'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'display_name': 'Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2tgs60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Previdi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002827103', 'display_name': 'Beate G. Liepert', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144897', 'display_name': 'Northwest Research Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0583jne22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144897']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. G. Liepert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144897']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003232165', 'display_name': 'D. M. Peteet', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-7506'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'display_name': 'Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2tgs60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I116578957', 'display_name': 'Goddard Institute for Space Studies', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cyfxe35', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I116578957', 'https://openalex.org/I4210124779']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Peteet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA', 'NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I116578957']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036180338', 'display_name': 'James Hansen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-7895'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I116578957', 'display_name': 'Goddard Institute for Space Studies', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cyfxe35', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I116578957', 'https://openalex.org/I4210124779']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802152550', 'display_name': 'Earth Island Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/005y2a635', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802152550']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Hansen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Columbia University Earth Institute, New York, NY, USA', 'NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I116578957']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Columbia University Earth Institute, New York, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802152550', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073877737', 'display_name': 'David J. Beerling', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-4314'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I91136226', 'display_name': 'University of Sheffield', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05krs5044', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I91136226']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. J. Beerling', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I91136226']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022990711', 'display_name': 'Anthony J. Broccoli', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-1434'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102322142', 'display_name': 'Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05vt9qd57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102322142']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. J. Broccoli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102322142']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028050255', 'display_name': 'Steve Frolking', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6414-5004'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161057412', 'display_name': 'University of New Hampshire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rmh9n78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161057412']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Frolking', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161057412']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020706213', 'display_name': 'James N. Galloway', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-8698'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. N. Galloway', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059701902', 'display_name': 'Martin Heimann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-5113'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154168', 'display_name': 'Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/051yxp643', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149899117', 'https://openalex.org/I4210154168']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Heimann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154168']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025145834', 'display_name': 'Corinne Le Quéré', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-0452'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143632', 'display_name': 'Tyndall Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040tfy969', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143632']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1118541', 'display_name': 'University of East Anglia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/026k5mg93', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1118541']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Le Quéré', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143632', 'https://openalex.org/I1118541']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070746493', 'display_name': 'Sydney Levitus', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Levitus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027635825', 'display_name': 'V. Ramaswamy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-6423'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191217947', 'display_name': 'NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vmn1898', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1308126019', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065', 'https://openalex.org/I191217947', 'https://openalex.org/I2802992173']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. Ramaswamy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191217947']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 13, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5057364992'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152304114', 'https://openalex.org/I78577930'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3910, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3910, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.656, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 30, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.922303, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '139', 'issue': '674', 'first_page': '1121', 'last_page': '1131'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Climate Change and Paleoclimatology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Climate Change and Paleoclimatology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10995', 'display_name': 'Anaerobic Methane Oxidation and Gas Hydrates', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2304', 'display_name': 'Environmental Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-commitment', 'display_name': 'Climate commitment', 'score': 0.75039136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-climate-simulation', 'display_name': 'Transient climate simulation', 'score': 0.6235483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing', 'display_name': 'Forcing (mathematics)', 'score': 0.6182876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo', 'display_name': 'Albedo (alchemy)', 'score': 0.6177446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-science', 'display_name': 'Earth system science', 'score': 0.56874424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-state', 'display_name': 'Climate state', 'score': 0.50028753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoclimatology', 'display_name': 'Paleoclimatology', 'score': 0.479014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/runaway-climate-change', 'display_name': 'Runaway climate change', 'score': 0.44584972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biosphere-model', 'display_name': 'Biosphere model', 'score': 0.43215773}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54464151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521783', 'display_name': 'Climate sensitivity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7696172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48999079', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133511', 'display_name': 'Climate commitment', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.75039136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.69291335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47737302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336', 'display_name': 'Greenhouse gas', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66021025}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49204034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139', 'display_name': 'Climatology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6519097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168754636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920', 'display_name': 'Climate model', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.643942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6347087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47665787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834266', 'display_name': 'Transient climate simulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6235483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197115733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136', 'display_name': 'Forcing (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6182876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195886398', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050', 'display_name': 'Albedo (alchemy)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6177446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80368990', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459', 'display_name': 'Earth system science', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56874424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99578197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606', 'display_name': 'Radiative forcing', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52212626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55173820', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5604174', 'display_name': 'Climate state', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.50028753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91586092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric sciences', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46410263}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13681960', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4357041', 'display_name': 'Runaway climate change', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.44584972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96650669', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3775358', 'display_name': 'Biosphere model', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43215773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115343472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Global warming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3997748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107218244', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42762', 'display_name': 'Biosphere', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27713507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114990195', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548', 'display_name': 'Effects of global warming', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.27452514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18375862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.116300195}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.101334065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C554144382', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156', 'display_name': 'Performance art', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52119013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637', 'display_name': 'Art history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2165', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S70522100', 'display_name': 'Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society', 'issn_l': '0035-9009', 'issn': ['0035-9009', '1477-870X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.434.854', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.earth-syst-dynam-discuss.net/2/531/2011/esdd-2-531-2011-supplement.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7916/D8319W1X', 'pdf_url': 'https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8P27837/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402601', 'display_name': 'Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'host_organization_name': 'Columbia University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Columbia University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140009182', 'pdf_url': 'https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140009182/downloads/20140009182.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196257', 'display_name': 'NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210124779', 'host_organization_name': 'National Aeronautics and Space Administration', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210124779'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Aeronautics and Space Administration'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.434.854', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.earth-syst-dynam-discuss.net/2/531/2011/esdd-2-531-2011-supplement.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.45, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'display_name': 'Climate action'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 91, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W136266997', 'https://openalex.org/W1520428197', 'https://openalex.org/W1523963696', 'https://openalex.org/W1535648032', 'https://openalex.org/W1540946605', 'https://openalex.org/W1575579655', 'https://openalex.org/W1964858761', 'https://openalex.org/W1965122835', 'https://openalex.org/W1965435246', 'https://openalex.org/W1966607069', 'https://openalex.org/W1967227849', 'https://openalex.org/W1967408071', 'https://openalex.org/W1968253443', 'https://openalex.org/W1973491245', 'https://openalex.org/W1979381341', 'https://openalex.org/W1980971100', 'https://openalex.org/W1981267808', 'https://openalex.org/W1986199740', 'https://openalex.org/W1988074443', 'https://openalex.org/W1993713496', 'https://openalex.org/W1993806717', 'https://openalex.org/W1994100601', 'https://openalex.org/W1995183550', 'https://openalex.org/W1995993712', 'https://openalex.org/W2002048232', 'https://openalex.org/W2003034918', 'https://openalex.org/W2004007436', 'https://openalex.org/W2005005245', 'https://openalex.org/W2009163215', 'https://openalex.org/W2010557655', 'https://openalex.org/W2013077733', 'https://openalex.org/W2014150465', 'https://openalex.org/W2015806889', 'https://openalex.org/W2018075600', 'https://openalex.org/W2018459257', 'https://openalex.org/W2018510764', 'https://openalex.org/W2020023668', 'https://openalex.org/W2021057500', 'https://openalex.org/W2035221792', 'https://openalex.org/W2036332177', 'https://openalex.org/W2037218230', 'https://openalex.org/W2043775954', 'https://openalex.org/W2046759075', 'https://openalex.org/W2048033136', 'https://openalex.org/W2048747274', 'https://openalex.org/W2049766574', 'https://openalex.org/W2050980825', 'https://openalex.org/W2051287661', 'https://openalex.org/W2051707883', 'https://openalex.org/W2052479643', 'https://openalex.org/W2061993062', 'https://openalex.org/W2068882619', 'https://openalex.org/W2069770163', 'https://openalex.org/W2074044501', 'https://openalex.org/W2079859354', 'https://openalex.org/W2081793201', 'https://openalex.org/W2083857556', 'https://openalex.org/W2091101199', 'https://openalex.org/W2095710420', 'https://openalex.org/W2096149314', 'https://openalex.org/W2098921391', 'https://openalex.org/W2103651007', 'https://openalex.org/W2104127988', 'https://openalex.org/W2108591544', 'https://openalex.org/W2117558319', 'https://openalex.org/W2120900106', 'https://openalex.org/W2127334781', 'https://openalex.org/W2127695985', 'https://openalex.org/W2128157669', 'https://openalex.org/W2129992710', 'https://openalex.org/W2133484165', 'https://openalex.org/W2135792715', 'https://openalex.org/W2146200079', 'https://openalex.org/W2146323422', 'https://openalex.org/W2149390613', 'https://openalex.org/W2149521176', 'https://openalex.org/W2150186950', 'https://openalex.org/W2150303148', 'https://openalex.org/W2151328940', 'https://openalex.org/W2156657148', 'https://openalex.org/W2160570902', 'https://openalex.org/W2163243821', 'https://openalex.org/W2164133890', 'https://openalex.org/W2313560708', 'https://openalex.org/W2319127417', 'https://openalex.org/W2378058429', 'https://openalex.org/W2493397215', 'https://openalex.org/W2788034738', 'https://openalex.org/W2907110490', 'https://openalex.org/W2939474406', 'https://openalex.org/W655165904'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309296540', 'https://openalex.org/W2890631445', 'https://openalex.org/W2265828739', 'https://openalex.org/W2176787918', 'https://openalex.org/W2162204743', 'https://openalex.org/W2065299205', 'https://openalex.org/W2006109636', 'https://openalex.org/W1980498037', 'https://openalex.org/W1973955859', 'https://openalex.org/W1970508160'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Climate': [0], 'sensitivity': [1, 43, 72, 91, 155, 167, 234, 242, 307], 'in': [2, 13, 19, 47, 73, 97, 112, 123, 182, 205, 273], 'its': [3], 'most': [4], 'basic': [5], 'form': [6, 69], 'is': [7, 87, 168, 180, 243, 308], 'defined': [8], 'as': [9, 145], 'the': [10, 30, 50, 67, 74, 88, 138, 153, 175, 185, 206, 211, 221, 232, 249, 254, 259, 274, 284, 294, 304], 'equilibrium': [11], 'change': [12], 'global': [14, 223], 'surface': [15, 107], 'temperature': [16, 224], 'that': [17, 45, 66, 261], 'occurs': [18], 'response': [20], 'to': [21, 79, 150, 184, 203, 235, 245, 248, 269, 281], 'a': [22, 228, 310], 'climate': [23, 42, 53, 71, 154, 233, 241], 'forcing,': [24, 257], 'or': [25, 143], 'externally': [26], 'imposed': [27], 'perturbation': [28], 'of': [29, 41, 49, 52, 70, 152, 160, 199, 213, 231, 251, 286, 293, 303], 'planetary': [31], 'energy': [32], 'balance.': [33], 'Within': [34], 'this': [35], 'general': [36], 'definition,': [37], 'several': [38], 'specific': [39], 'forms': [40], 'exist': [44], 'differ': [46], 'terms': [48], 'types': [51], 'feedbacks': [54, 94, 109, 120, 133, 140, 193, 201, 266], 'they': [55], 'include.': [56], 'Based': [57], 'on': [58], 'evidence': [59], 'from': [60, 77, 95, 110, 121], "Earth's": [61], 'history,': [62], 'we': [63], 'suggest': [64], 'here': [65], 'relevant': [68], 'Anthropocene': [75], '(e.g.': [76], 'which': [78, 147], 'base': [80], 'future': [81, 314], 'greenhouse': [82], 'gas': [83], '(GHG)': [84], 'stabilization': [85], 'targets)': [86], 'Earth': [89, 165, 239, 305], 'system': [90, 166, 240, 306], 'including': [92], 'fast': [93, 132, 186], 'changes': [96, 111, 122, 204], 'water': [98], 'vapour,': [99], 'natural': [100, 124, 207, 295], 'aerosols,': [101], 'clouds': [102], 'and': [103, 116, 118, 126, 188, 258, 264, 290, 297], 'sea': [104], 'ice,': [105], 'slower': [106], 'albedo': [108, 178], 'continental': [113], 'ice': [114, 176, 262, 287], 'sheets': [115], 'vegetation,': [117], 'climate–GHG': [119, 192, 200, 265], '(land': [125], 'ocean)': [127], 'carbon': [128, 208, 296], 'sinks.': [129], 'Traditionally,': [130], 'only': [131], 'have': [134, 267], 'been': [135], 'considered': [136], '(with': [137], 'other': [139], 'either': [141], 'ignored': [142], 'treated': [144], 'forcing),': [146], 'has': [148, 210], 'led': [149], 'estimates': [151, 302], 'for': [156, 253, 313], 'doubled': [157], 'CO2': [158], 'concentrations': [159], 'about': [161], '3°C.': [162], 'The': [163, 197, 238], '2×CO2': [164], 'higher': [169, 189], 'than': [170], 'this,': [171], 'being': [172], '∼4–6°C': [173], 'if': [174, 191], 'sheet/vegetation': [177], 'feedback': [179], 'included': [181], 'addition': [183], 'feedbacks,': [187], 'still': [190], 'are': [194, 279], 'also': [195], 'included.': [196], 'inclusion': [198], 'due': [202, 247], 'sinks': [209], 'advantage': [212], 'more': [214], 'directly': [215], 'linking': [216], 'anthropogenic': [217, 256], 'GHG': [218], 'emissions': [219], 'with': [220], 'ensuing': [222], 'increase,': [225], 'thus': [226], 'providing': [227], 'truer': [229], 'indication': [230], 'human': [236], 'perturbations.': [237], 'difficult': [244], 'quantify': [246], 'lack': [250], 'palaeo-analogues': [252], 'present-day': [255], 'fact': [260], 'sheet': [263, 288], 'yet': [268], 'become': [270], 'globally': [271], 'significant': [272], 'Anthropocene.': [275], 'Furthermore,': [276], 'current': [277], 'models': [278], 'unable': [280], 'adequately': [282], 'simulate': [283], 'physics': [285], 'decay': [289], 'certain': [291], 'aspects': [292], 'nitrogen': [298], 'cycles.': [299], 'Obtaining': [300], 'quantitative': [301], 'therefore': [309], 'high': [311], 'priority': [312], 'work.': [315]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2176787918', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-18T21:30:51.223868', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}