Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2174131824', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2537:atfam>2.0.co;2', 'title': 'A Test for Annular Modes', 'display_name': 'A Test for Annular Modes', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-08-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2174131824', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2537:atfam>2.0.co;2', 'mag': '2174131824'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2537:atfam>2.0.co;2', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/15/17/1520-0442_2002_015_2537_atfam_2.0.co_2.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80591372', 'display_name': 'Journal of Climate', 'issn_l': '0894-8755', 'issn': ['0894-8755', '1520-0442'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/15/17/1520-0442_2002_015_2537_atfam_2.0.co_2.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113885064', 'display_name': 'Judah Cohen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154624', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04cg70g73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154624']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Judah Cohen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421-3126.', 'Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421-3126.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154624']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154624']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089430599', 'display_name': 'Kazuyuki Saitô', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-0557'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111818', 'display_name': 'Institute for Global Environmental Strategies', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sdhz737', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111818']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kazuyuki Saito', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Frontier Research System for Global Change, Tokyo, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Frontier Research System for Global Change, Tokyo, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111818']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5113885064'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154624'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.733, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.690643, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '17', 'first_page': '2537', 'last_page': '2546'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11588', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11320', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Ozone and Climate', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/geopotential-height', 'display_name': 'Geopotential height', 'score': 0.9741441}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-orthogonal-functions', 'display_name': 'Empirical orthogonal functions', 'score': 0.9356495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/geopotential', 'display_name': 'Geopotential', 'score': 0.83891743}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192901106', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12432978', 'display_name': 'Geopotential height', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9741441}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13724139', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042818', 'display_name': 'Empirical orthogonal functions', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9356495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160121416', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423347', 'display_name': 'Geopotential', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83891743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778835443', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061', 'display_name': 'Northern Hemisphere', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7402239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49204034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139', 'display_name': 'Climatology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7278219}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9075549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631', 'display_name': 'Troposphere', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72766864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777252438', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41228', 'display_name': 'Southern Hemisphere', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6697235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163861444', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376', 'display_name': 'Stratosphere', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65613127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5158738}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91586092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric sciences', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5157635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22600931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14200935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107054158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257', 'display_name': 'Precipitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2537:atfam>2.0.co;2', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/15/17/1520-0442_2002_015_2537_atfam_2.0.co_2.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80591372', 'display_name': 'Journal of Climate', 'issn_l': '0894-8755', 'issn': ['0894-8755', '1520-0442'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2537:atfam>2.0.co;2', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/15/17/1520-0442_2002_015_2537_atfam_2.0.co_2.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80591372', 'display_name': 'Journal of Climate', 'issn_l': '0894-8755', 'issn': ['0894-8755', '1520-0442'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water', 'score': 0.55}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 20, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1979057774', 'https://openalex.org/W1995349031', 'https://openalex.org/W2002856850', 'https://openalex.org/W2009646300', 'https://openalex.org/W2011494444', 'https://openalex.org/W2014236192', 'https://openalex.org/W2017105783', 'https://openalex.org/W2019534804', 'https://openalex.org/W2019594051', 'https://openalex.org/W2020297738', 'https://openalex.org/W2048711169', 'https://openalex.org/W2055755179', 'https://openalex.org/W2081342300', 'https://openalex.org/W2084245258', 'https://openalex.org/W2120115499', 'https://openalex.org/W2129934671', 'https://openalex.org/W2138285604', 'https://openalex.org/W2173251738', 'https://openalex.org/W2178955519', 'https://openalex.org/W4238887727'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W952827669', 'https://openalex.org/W909063915', 'https://openalex.org/W3197543174', 'https://openalex.org/W3146280595', 'https://openalex.org/W3122671010', 'https://openalex.org/W2391032325', 'https://openalex.org/W2380909403', 'https://openalex.org/W2174131824', 'https://openalex.org/W2032369005', 'https://openalex.org/W1983301251'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'use': [1], 'of': [2, 22, 35, 65, 81, 115, 123, 174, 183, 185, 190, 204, 217, 231], 'empirical': [3], 'orthogonal': [4], 'functions': [5], '(EOFs)': [6], 'has': [7, 26, 59, 109], 'grown': [8], 'popular': [9], 'as': [10], 'a': [11, 107], 'tool': [12], 'to': [13, 54, 88, 91, 100, 165], 'determine': [14], 'underlying': [15], 'variability': [16, 82, 116], 'from': [17, 43], 'the': [18, 30, 44, 47, 51, 66, 70, 143, 146, 149, 157, 166, 171, 187, 201, 214, 228], 'rapidly': [19], 'increasing': [20], 'volume': [21], 'climate': [23], 'data.': [24], 'It': [25, 58], 'been': [27, 61, 110], 'noted': [28], 'that': [29, 63], 'dominant': [31], 'or': [32, 126], 'first': [33, 67, 172, 188, 202, 215, 229], 'EOF': [34, 189, 203, 216, 230], 'geopotential': [36, 197, 209, 222], 'heights,': [37], 'in': [38, 83, 134, 148, 181], 'each': [39, 92, 135], 'hemisphere': [40, 136], 'at': [41], 'levels': [42], 'surface': [45, 144], 'through': [46], 'troposphere': [48, 158], 'and': [49, 76, 99, 105, 145, 159, 227], 'into': [50], 'midstratosphere,': [52], 'appears': [53], 'be': [55, 89, 118, 179], 'zonally': [56], 'symmetric.': [57], 'also': [60], 'suggested': [62], 'all': [64], 'EOFs,': [68], 'throughout': [69], 'atmospheric': [71], 'column': [72], 'are': [73, 86, 137, 161], 'barotropically': [74], 'coupled': [75], 'annular.': [77], 'Moreover,': [78], 'such': [79], 'modes': [80, 114], 'both': [84, 103], 'hemispheres': [85], 'thought': [87], 'analogous': [90], 'other.': [93], 'To': [94], 'define': [95], 'annularity': [96, 169], 'more': [97], 'objectively': [98], 'facilitate': [101], 'comparisons': [102], 'temporally': [104], 'spatially,': [106], 'framework': [108], 'formulated': [111], 'within': [112], 'which': [113], 'may': [117], 'tested': [119, 138], 'for': [120, 139, 168], 'their': [121], 'degree': [122, 184], 'zonal': [124], 'symmetry': [125], 'annularity.': [127], 'Motivated': [128], 'by': [129], 'previous': [130], 'choices,': [131], 'pressure–height': [132], 'fields': [133, 177], 'annularity,': [140], 'one': [141], 'near': [142], 'other': [147], 'midstratosphere.': [150], 'Periods': [151], 'chosen': [152], 'coincide': [153], 'with': [154], 'times': [155], 'when': [156], 'stratosphere': [160], 'actively': [162], 'coupled.': [163], 'According': [164], 'test': [167], 'on': [170], 'mode': [173], 'variability,': [175], 'these': [176], 'can': [178], 'ranked': [180], 'order': [182], 'annularity:': [186], 'Northern': [191], 'Hemisphere': [192, 206, 219], '(NH)': [193], 'December–January–February': [194], '(DJF)': [195], '50-hPa': [196, 208], 'height': [198, 210, 223], 'is': [199, 211, 224, 237], 'annular;': [200, 213], 'Southern': [205, 218], 'November': [207, 220], 'weakly': [212, 225], '850-hPa': [221], 'nonannular;': [226], 'NH': [232], 'DJF': [233], 'sea': [234], 'level': [235], 'pressure': [236], 'nonannular.': [238]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2174131824', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-19T13:58:18.188726', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}