Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2174113883', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/664472', 'title': 'What Is Human Trafficking? A Review Essay', 'display_name': 'What Is Human Trafficking? A Review Essay', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2174113883', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/664472', 'mag': '2174113883'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/664472', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165351902', 'display_name': 'Signs', 'issn_l': '0097-9740', 'issn': ['0097-9740', '1545-6943'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045256303', 'display_name': 'Rhacel Salazar Parreñas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-3526'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1174212', 'display_name': 'University of Southern California', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03taz7m60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1174212']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rhacel Salazar Parreñas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of SociologyUniversity of Southern California (Parreñas)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of SociologyUniversity of Southern California (Parreñas)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1174212']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023909004', 'display_name': 'Maria Cecilia Hwang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Maria Cecilia Hwang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of American StudiesBrown University (Hwang)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of American StudiesBrown University (Hwang)', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026902021', 'display_name': 'Heather Ruth Lee', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heather Ruth Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of American StudiesBrown University (Lee)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of American StudiesBrown University (Lee)', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.938, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 25, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.810363, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '1015', 'last_page': '1029'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11350', 'display_name': 'Sex work and related issues', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11350', 'display_name': 'Sex work and related issues', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12375', 'display_name': 'Cuban History and Society', 'score': 0.9628, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13938', 'display_name': 'Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics', 'score': 0.9338, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2984309518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181784', 'display_name': 'Human trafficking', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66084707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169437150', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458', 'display_name': 'Human rights', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5543583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4385992}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73484699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733', 'display_name': 'Criminology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4187624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39078504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29595303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650', 'display_name': 'Media studies', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37250188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34578606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34520766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/664472', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165351902', 'display_name': 'Signs', 'issn_l': '0097-9740', 'issn': ['0097-9740', '1545-6943'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'score': 0.54, 'display_name': 'Gender equality'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1524846307', 'https://openalex.org/W1549786592', 'https://openalex.org/W2030312823', 'https://openalex.org/W2072529565', 'https://openalex.org/W2269682850', 'https://openalex.org/W2490213322', 'https://openalex.org/W2903760991', 'https://openalex.org/W3122293373', 'https://openalex.org/W3124299492', 'https://openalex.org/W4231290043', 'https://openalex.org/W4242098245', 'https://openalex.org/W4245813439', 'https://openalex.org/W4256386307', 'https://openalex.org/W4298057281', 'https://openalex.org/W580916216', 'https://openalex.org/W654560678'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W591528466', 'https://openalex.org/W4235187812', 'https://openalex.org/W3196231715', 'https://openalex.org/W3124131174', 'https://openalex.org/W3082943548', 'https://openalex.org/W3082037814', 'https://openalex.org/W2768439020', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2340486723', 'https://openalex.org/W2135499325'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessWhat': [4], 'Is': [5], 'Human': [6, 189, 248, 303, 420], 'Trafficking?': [7], 'A': [8, 86, 166, 341], 'Review': [9], 'EssayRhacel': [10], 'Salazar': [11, 20], 'Parreñas,': [12], 'Maria': [13, 36], 'Cecilia': [14, 37], 'Hwang,': [15], 'and': [16, 52, 140, 196, 213, 321, 395, 399, 415, 429, 437], 'Heather': [17, 53], 'Ruth': [18, 54], 'LeeRhacel': [19], 'ParreñasDepartment': [21], 'of': [22, 24, 39, 56, 108, 170, 193, 240, 247, 280, 301, 308, 325, 329, 366, 419], 'SociologyUniversity': [23], 'Southern': [25], 'California': [26], '(Parreñas)': [27], 'Search': [28, 44, 61], 'for': [29, 45, 62, 276], 'more': [30, 46, 63], 'articles': [31, 47, 64, 118], 'by': [32, 48, 65, 79, 105], 'this': [33, 49, 66, 95, 120], 'author': [34, 50, 67], ',': [35, 51, 389], 'HwangDepartment': [38], 'American': [40, 57, 440], 'StudiesBrown': [41, 58], 'University': [42, 59, 107], '(Hwang)': [43], 'LeeDepartment': [55], '(Lee)': [60], 'PDFPDF': [68], 'PLUSFull': [69], 'Text': [70], 'Add': [71], 'to': [72, 126, 164], 'favoritesDownload': [73], 'CitationTrack': [74], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [75], 'Share': [76], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [77], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [78], 'Signs': [80], 'Volume': [81], '37,': [82], 'Number': [83], '4Summer': [84], '2012Sex:': [85], 'Thematic': [87], 'Issue': [88], 'Article': [89], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/664472': [90], 'Views:': [91], '2935Total': [92], 'views': [93], 'on': [94, 362], 'site': [96], 'Citations:': [97], '14Citations': [98], 'are': [99], 'reported': [100], 'from': [101], 'Crossref': [102, 114], '©': [103], '2012': [104], 'The': [106, 407], 'Chicago.': [109], 'All': [110], 'rights': [111], 'reserved.PDF': [112], 'download': [113], 'reports': [115], 'the': [116, 186, 302, 326, 433], 'following': [117], 'citing': [119], 'article:Carol': [121], 'Chan,': [122], 'Natalie': [123], 'Gomez': [124], 'Challenges': [125, 163], 'addressing': [127], 'trafficking': [128], 'into': [129], 'forced': [130], 'labor': [131], 'in': [132, 188, 234, 335, 413, 435], 'Chile:': [133], 'a': [134], 'legal': [135], 'culture': [136], 'perspective,': [137], 'Crime,': [138], 'Law': [139], 'Social': [141], 'Change': [142], '79,': [143], 'no.44': [144, 312, 370], '(Oct': [145, 179, 204], '2022):': [146, 216], '395–416.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-022-10059-6Debra': [147], 'A.': [148], 'Love,': [149], 'Annie': [150], 'I.': [151], 'Fukushima,': [152], 'Tiana': [153], 'N.': [154], 'Rogers,': [155], 'Ethan': [156], 'Petersen,': [157], 'Ellen': [158], 'Brooks,': [159], 'Charles': [160], 'R.': [161], 'Rogers': [162], 'Reintegration:': [165], 'Qualitative': [167], 'Intrinsic': [168], 'Case-Study': [169], 'Convicted': [171], 'Female': [172, 194], 'Sex': [173], 'Traffickers,': [174], 'Feminist': [175], 'Criminology': [176], '18,': [177], 'no.11': [178, 284, 423], '2021):': [180, 252, 260], '24–44.https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211045042Kate': [181], 'Perry,': [182], 'Courtney': [183], 'Burns': [184], 'Remembering': [185], '“Human”': [187], 'Trafficking:': [190], 'An': [191], 'Analysis': [192], 'Leadership': [195], 'Anti-Trafficking': [197, 414], 'Policy': [198, 441], 'Choices,': [199], 'International': [200, 256], 'Studies': [201], 'Perspectives': [202], '31': [203], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekac014One': [205], 'Pusumane,': [206], 'Ivy': [207], 'M.': [208, 230, 297], 'Fofie': [209], 'Bodies,': [210], 'Illicit': [211], 'Mobilities,': [212], 'Citizenry,': [214], '(Mar': [215, 259], '168–185.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8771-3.ch010Erinn': [217], 'C.': [218], 'Cameron,': [219], 'Samantha': [220], 'L.': [221, 224], 'Hemingway,': [222], 'Sherri': [223], 'Tschida,': [225], 'Rupinder': [226], 'Kaur': [227], 'Heer,': [228], 'Kristine': [229], 'Jacquin': [231], 'Gender': [232], 'Inequality': [233], 'National': [235], 'Laws': [236], 'Predicts': [237], 'Estimated': [238], 'Prevalence': [239], 'Modern': [241], 'Slavery': [242], 'Victims': [243], 'across': [244], 'Countries,': [245], 'Journal': [246, 279, 343, 365, 418], 'Trafficking': [249, 304, 421], '7': [250], '(Jun': [251, 285], '1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2021.1938896Nicksoni': [253], 'Filbert': [254], 'Kahimba': [255], 'Legal': [257], 'Regime,': [258], '89–180.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8_3Dilara': [261], 'Yarbrough': [262], '“Nothing': [263], 'About': [264], 'Us': [265], 'Without': [266], 'Us”:': [267], 'Reading': [268], 'Protests': [269], 'against': [270], 'Oppressive': [271], 'Knowledge': [272], 'Production': [273], 'as': [274], 'Guidelines': [275], 'Solidarity': [277], 'Research,': [278], 'Contemporary': [281], 'Ethnography': [282], '49,': [283], '2019):': [286, 314], '58–85.https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241619857134Christine': [287], 'B.': [288], 'Costa,': [289], 'Kathleen': [290], 'T.': [291], 'McCoy,': [292], 'Gayle': [293], 'J.': [294], 'Early,': [295], 'Cathleen': [296], 'Deckers': [298], 'Evidence-based': [299], 'Care': [300], 'Patient,': [305], 'Nursing': [306], 'Clinics': [307], 'North': [309], 'America': [310], '54,': [311], '(Dec': [313], '569–584.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2019.08.007Rebecca': [315], 'Walker,': [316], 'Treasa': [317], 'Galvin': [318], 'Labels,': [319], 'victims,': [320], 'insecurity:': [322], 'an': [323], 'exploration': [324], 'lived': [327], 'realities': [328], 'migrant': [330], 'women': [331], 'who': [332], 'sell': [333], 'sex': [334], 'South': [336], 'Africa,': [337], 'Third': [338], 'World': [339], 'Thematics:': [340], 'TWQ': [342], '3,': [344], 'no.22': [345, 402, 443], '(May': [346], '2018):': [347], '277–292.https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2018.1477526Tobias': [348], 'Schulze-Cleven,': [349], 'Gary': [350], 'Herrigel,': [351], 'Nelson': [352], 'Lichtenstein,': [353], 'Gay': [354], 'Seidman': [355], 'Beyond': [356], 'disciplinary': [357], 'boundaries:': [358], 'Leveraging': [359], 'complementary': [360], 'perspectives': [361], 'global': [363], 'labour,': [364], 'Industrial': [367], 'Relations': [368], '59,': [369], '(Jul': [371, 403], '2017):': [372], '510–537.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185617713042Kamala': [373], 'Kempadoo,': [374], 'Revitalizando': [375], 'o': [376, 381], 'imperialismo:': [377], 'campanhas': [378], 'contemporâneas': [379], 'contra': [380], 'tráfico': [382], 'sexual': [383, 396], 'e': [384], 'escravidão': [385], 'moderna,': [386], 'Cadernos': [387], 'Pagu': [388], 'no.4747': [390], '(Jan': [391], '2016).https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201600470008Ruth': [392], 'Goldstein': [393, 427], 'Semiophors': [394], 'systems,': [397], 'Pragmatics': [398], 'Society': [400], '6,': [401], '2015):': [404, 425], '217–239.https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.6.2.04golKamala': [405], 'Kempadoo': [406], 'Modern-Day': [408], 'White': [409], '(Wo)Man’s': [410], 'Burden:': [411], 'Trends': [412], 'Anti-Slavery': [416], 'Campaigns,': [417], '1,': [422], '(Apr': [424], '8–20.https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2015.1006120Ruth': [426], 'Consent': [428], 'Its': [430], 'Discontents:': [431], 'On': [432], 'Traffic': [434], 'Words': [436], 'Women,': [438], 'Latin': [439], '5,': [442], '(Nov': [444], '2014):': [445], '236–250.https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12045': [446]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2174113883', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T12:06:17.083804', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}