Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2173747343', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4522', 'title': 'Sustainable Growth Rate Repealed, MACRA Revealed: Historical Context and Analysis of Recent Changes in Medicare Physician Payment Methodologies', 'display_name': 'Sustainable Growth Rate Repealed, MACRA Revealed: Historical Context and Analysis of Recent Changes in Medicare Physician Payment Methodologies', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-11-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2173747343', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4522', 'mag': '2173747343', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26585253', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7959940'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4522', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/37/2/210.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S101278519', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Neuroradiology', 'issn_l': '0195-6108', 'issn': ['0195-6108', '1936-959X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316165', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Neuroradiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316165'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Neuroradiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/37/2/210.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090737258', 'display_name': 'Joshua A Hirsch', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-8798'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002pd6e78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.A. Hirsch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026257022', 'display_name': 'H. Benjamin Harvey', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-1876'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002pd6e78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H.B. Harvey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015647719', 'display_name': 'Robert M. Barr', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-9448'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115359', 'display_name': 'Radiology Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029gpgj23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115359']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R.M. Barr', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['cMecklenburg Radiology Associates P.A. (R.M.B.), Charlotte, North Carolina'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'cMecklenburg Radiology Associates P.A. (R.M.B.), Charlotte, North Carolina', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115359']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070243127', 'display_name': 'William D Donovan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-0445'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W.D. Donovan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['dNorwich Diagnostic Imaging Associates (W.D.D.), Norwich, Connecticut'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'dNorwich Diagnostic Imaging Associates (W.D.D.), Norwich, Connecticut', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058301950', 'display_name': 'Richard Duszak', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-3008'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210112103', 'display_name': 'Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zsmba62', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112103']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Duszak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['eDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (R.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia', 'fHarvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute (R.D.), Reston, Virginia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'fHarvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute (R.D.), Reston, Virginia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112103']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'eDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (R.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035035840', 'display_name': 'Gregory N. Nicola', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3959-2069'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1324520350', 'display_name': 'Hackensack University Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/008zj0x80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1324520350']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G.N. Nicola', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['gHackensack University Medical Center (G.N.N.), Hackensack, New Jersey'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'gHackensack University Medical Center (G.N.N.), Hackensack, New Jersey', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1324520350']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082115758', 'display_name': 'Pamela W. Schaefer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-6134'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002pd6e78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P.W. Schaefer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'bHarvard Medical School (J.A.H., H.B.H., P.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037291100', 'display_name': 'Laxmaiah Manchikanti', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-9063'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119404', 'display_name': 'Pain Management Center of Paducah', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02swzn148', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119404']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142740786', 'display_name': 'University of Louisville', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ckdn478', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I142740786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Manchikanti', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['hPain Management Center of Paducah (L.M.), Paducah, Kentucky', 'iDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (L.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'hPain Management Center of Paducah (L.M.), Paducah, Kentucky', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119404']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'iDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (L.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142740786']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 8, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 18.796, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 42, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.941064, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '210', 'last_page': '214'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Economics of Health Care Systems and Policies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Economics of Health Care Systems and Policies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13555', 'display_name': 'Strategies to Reduce Low-Value Health Care Services', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11590', 'display_name': 'Contribution of Primary Care to Health Systems and Health', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-growth-rate', 'display_name': 'Sustainable growth rate', 'score': 0.6083494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/continuity-of-care', 'display_name': 'Continuity of Care', 'score': 0.543897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-spending', 'display_name': 'Medicare Spending', 'score': 0.540867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs', 'display_name': 'Health Care Costs', 'score': 0.529503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/accountable-care-organizations', 'display_name': 'Accountable Care Organizations', 'score': 0.509352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization', 'display_name': 'Health Care Utilization', 'score': 0.505005}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776534028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363', 'display_name': 'Medicaid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8962823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145097563', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747', 'display_name': 'Payment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7242391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68507874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29122968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816', 'display_name': 'Incentive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6671618}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134632028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134482', 'display_name': 'Sustainable growth rate', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6083494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60595596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5292045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2983635472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911', 'display_name': 'Health insurance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5196739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776643233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414593', 'display_name': 'Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4672463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160735492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207', 'display_name': 'Health care', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32930094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27574545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19387934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1214281}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.084113955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4522', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/37/2/210.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S101278519', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Neuroradiology', 'issn_l': '0195-6108', 'issn': ['0195-6108', '1936-959X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316165', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Neuroradiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316165'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Neuroradiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7959940', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4522', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/37/2/210.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S101278519', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Neuroradiology', 'issn_l': '0195-6108', 'issn': ['0195-6108', '1936-959X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316165', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Neuroradiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316165'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Neuroradiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.49, 'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 15, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1967834969', 'https://openalex.org/W2068004778', 'https://openalex.org/W2094024630', 'https://openalex.org/W2101286875', 'https://openalex.org/W2118853198', 'https://openalex.org/W2120120466', 'https://openalex.org/W2146178899', 'https://openalex.org/W2157341702', 'https://openalex.org/W2158449466', 'https://openalex.org/W2158724853', 'https://openalex.org/W2167201870', 'https://openalex.org/W2306173567', 'https://openalex.org/W2416388818', 'https://openalex.org/W2885203594', 'https://openalex.org/W593812823'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4237096619', 'https://openalex.org/W3160701276', 'https://openalex.org/W2985342232', 'https://openalex.org/W2965340826', 'https://openalex.org/W2337676333', 'https://openalex.org/W2269068737', 'https://openalex.org/W2087167702', 'https://openalex.org/W2057871163', 'https://openalex.org/W2021170997', 'https://openalex.org/W1989371392'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'APM': [0], ':': [1, 6, 12, 20, 30, 36], 'Alternative': [2], 'Payment': [3, 33], 'Models': [4], 'CHIP': [5, 24], "Children's": [7], 'Health': [8], 'Insurance': [9], 'Program': [10], 'CMS': [11], 'Centers': [13], 'for': [14], 'Medicare': [15, 21], 'and': [16, 23], 'Medicaid': [17], 'Services': [18], 'MACRA': [19], 'Access': [22], 'Reauthorization': [25], 'Act': [26], 'of': [27], '2015': [28], 'MIPS': [29], 'Merit-Based': [31], 'Incentive': [32], 'System': [34], 'SGR': [35], 'Sustainable': [37], 'Growth': [38], 'Rate': [39], 'Intended': [40], 'to': [41], 'provide': [42], 'long-': [43]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2173747343', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T17:37:27.299735', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}