Title: RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE SPECIES RICHNESS OF DIFFERENT TAXA
Abstract: EcologyVolume 87, Issue 8 p. 1886-1895 Special Feature—Determinants of Biodiversity Change RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE SPECIES RICHNESS OF DIFFERENT TAXA Volkmar Wolters, Volkmar Wolters Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJanne Bengtsson, Janne Bengtsson Department of Entomology, Section for landscape ecology, SLU, Box 7044, S-750 07 Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorAndrei S. Zaitsev, Andrei S. Zaitsev Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Present address: Laboratory of Bioindication, Severtsov Institute for Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky prosp. 33, 117071, Moscow, Russia.Search for more papers by this author Volkmar Wolters, Volkmar Wolters Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJanne Bengtsson, Janne Bengtsson Department of Entomology, Section for landscape ecology, SLU, Box 7044, S-750 07 Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorAndrei S. Zaitsev, Andrei S. Zaitsev Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Present address: Laboratory of Bioindication, Severtsov Institute for Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky prosp. 33, 117071, Moscow, Russia.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2006 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1886:RATSRO]2.0.CO;2Citations: 173 Corresponding Editor: O. E. Sala. For reprints of this Special Feature, see footnote 1, p. 1875. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Spatially explicit forecasting of changes in species richness is key to designing informative scenarios on the development of diversity on our planet. It might be possible to predict changes in the richness of inadequately investigated groups from that of groups for which enough information is available. Here we evaluate the reliability of this approach by reviewing 237 richness correlations extracted from the recent literature. Of the 43 taxa covered, beetles, vascular plants, butterflies, birds, ants, and mammals (in that order) were the most common ones examined. Forests and grasslands strongly dominated the ecosystem types studied. The variance explanation (R2) could be calculated for 152 cases, but only 53 of these were significant. An average correlation effect size of 0.374 (95% ci = ±0.0678) indicates positive but weak correlations between taxa within the very heterogeneous data set. None of the examined explanatory variables (spatial scale, taxonomic distance, trophic position, biome) could account for this heterogeneity. However, studies focusing on 10-km2 grid cells had the highest variance explanation. Moreover, within-phylum between-class comparisons had marginally significantly lower correlations than between-phylum comparisons. And finally, the explanatory power of studies conducted in the tropics was significantly higher than that of studies conducted in temperate regions. It is concluded that the potential of a correlative approach to species richness is strongly diminished by the overall low level of variance explanation. So far, no taxon has proved to be a universal or even particularly good predictor for the richness of other taxa. Some suggestions for future research are inclusion of several taxa in models aiming at regional richness predictions, improvement of knowledge on species correlations in human dominated systems, and a better understanding of mechanisms underlying richness correlations. Literature Cited Adams, J. M., and F. I. Woodward . 1989. Patterns in tree species richness as a test of the glacial extinction hypothesis. Nature 339: 699– 701. Arnqvist, G., and D. Wooster . 1995. Metaanalysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10: 236– 240. Beger, M., G. P. Jones, and P. L. Munday . 2003. Conservation of coral reef biodiversity: a comparison of reserve selection procedures for corals and fishes. Biological Conservation 111: 53– 62. Bengtsson, J., J. Ahnström, and A. C. Weibull . 2005. The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 42: 261– 269. Berg, A., and M. Tjernberg . 1996. Common and rare Swedish vertebrates: distribution and habitat preferences. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 101– 128. Brown, K. S. J. 1991. Conservation of neotropical environments: insects as indicators. Pages 349– 404 in N. M. Collins and J. A. Thomas, editors Conservation of insects and their environments Academic Press, London, UK. Bush, A. O., J. C. Fernandez, G. W. Esch, and J. R. Seed . 2001. Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Buzas, M. A. 1972. Patterns of species diversity and their explanation. Taxon 21: 275– 286. Cooper, H., and L. V. Hedges . 1994. The handbook of research synthesis Russell Sage Foundation, New York, New York, USA. Cumming, G. S. 2000. Using habitat models to map diversity: pan-African species richness of ticks (Acari : Ixodida). Journal of Biogeography 27: 425– 440. Currie, D. J. 2001. Projected effects of climate change on patterns of vertebrate and tree species richness in the conterminous United States. Ecosystems 4: 216– 215. Currie, D. J., and A. P. Francis . 2004. Regional versus climatic effect on taxon richness in Angiosperms: reply to Qian and Ricklefs. American Naturalist 163: 780– 785. Danforth, B. N., J. Ascher, R. S. Anderson, and B. D. Farrell . 1999. Flowers and insect evolution Science 283:143a. Di Casti, F., J. R. Vernhes, and T. Yonas . 1992. A proposal for an international network on inventorying and monitoring of biodiversity. Biology International 27: 1– 27. Dobson, A. P., J. P. Rodriguez, W. M. Roberts, and D. S. Wilcove . 1997. Geographic distribution of endangered species in the United States. Science 275: 550– 553. Flather, C. H., K. R. Wilson, D. J. Dean, and W. C. McComb . 1997. Identifying gaps in conservation networks: of indicators and uncertainty in geographic-based analyses. Ecological Applications 7: 531– 542. Gaston, K. J. 1996a. Biodiversity: congruence. Progress in Physical Geography 20: 105– 112. Gaston, K. J. 1996b. Spatial covariance in the species richness of higher taxa. Pages 123– 145 in M. Hochberg, M. E. Clobert and R. Barbault, editors The genesis and maintenance of biological diversity Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Giller, K. E., M. H. Beare, P. Lavelle, A-M. N. Izac, and M. J. Swift . 1997. Agricultural intensification, soil biodiversity and agroecosystem function. Applied Soil Ecology 6: 3– 16. Groombridge, B. 1992. Global biodiversity. Status of the Earth's living resources Chapman and Hall, London, UK. Gurevitch, J., and L. V. Hedges . 2001. Meta-analysis: combining the results of independent experiments. Pages 347– 369 in S. M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch, editors Design and analysis of ecological experiments. Second edition Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. Hawkins, B. A., and E. E. Porter . 2003. Does herbivore diversity depend on plant diversity? The case of California butterflies. American Naturalist 161: 40– 49. Heywood, V. H. 1995. Global biodiversity assessment Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Hillebrand, H. 2004. On the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient. American Naturalist 163: 192– 211. Howard, P. C., P. Viskanic, T. R. B. Davenport, F. W. Kigenyi, M. Baltzer, C. J. Dickinson, J. S. Lwanga, R. A. Matthews, and A. Balmford . 1998. Complementarity and the use of indicator groups for reserve selection in Uganda. Nature 394: 472– 475. Hughes, J. B., G. C. Daily, and P. R. Ehrlich . 2000. Conservation of insect diversity: a habitat approach. Conservation Biology 14: 1788– 1797. Jarvinen, O., and A. Vaisanen . 1980. Quantitative biogeography of Finnish land birds as compared with regionality in other taxa. Annales Zoologici Fennici 17: 67– 85. Jonsson, G., and M. Jonsell . 1999. Exploring potential biodiversity indicators in boreal forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1417– 1433. Kiester, A. R. 1971. Species density of North American amphibians and reptiles. Systematic Zoology 20: 127– 157. Koh, L. P., R. R. Dunn, N. S. Sodhi, R. K. Colwell, H. C. Proctor, and V. S. Smith . 2004. Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science 305: 1632– 1634. Koleff, P., and K. J. Gaston . 2001 Latitudinal gradients in diversity: real patterns and random models. Ecography 24: 341– 351. Kremen, C. 1994. Biological inventory using target data: case study of the butterflies of Madagascar. Ecological Applications 4: 407– 422. Kunte, K., A. Joglekar, G. Utkarsh, and P. Padmanabhan . 1999. Patterns of butterfly, bird and tree diversity in the Western Ghats. Current Science 77: 577– 586. Lawton, J. H. 1983. Plant architecture and the diversity of phytophagous insects. Annual Review of Entomology 28: 23– 39. Lawton, J. H. et al. 1998. Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature 391: 72– 76. Møller, A. P., and M. D. Jennions . 2001. Testing and adjusting for publication bias. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 580– 586. Murdoch, W. W., F. C. Evans, and C. H. Peterson . 1972. Diversity and pattern in plants and insects. Ecology 53: 259– 264. Noss, R. F. 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology 4: 355– 364. Nunn, C. L., S. Altizer, K. E. Jones, and W. Sechrest . 2003. Comparative tests of parasite species richness in primates. American Naturalist 162: 597– 614. Osenberg, C. W., O. Sarnelle, S. D. Cooper, and R. D. Holt . 1999. Resolving ecological questions through meta-analysis: goals, metrics, and models. Ecology 80: 1105– 1117. Pearson, D. L. 1994. Selecting indicator taxa for the quantitative assessment of biodiversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 345: 75– 79. Pearson, D. L., and S. S. Carroll . 1998. Global patterns of species richness: spatial models for conservation planning using bioindicators and precipitation data. Conservation Biology 12: 809– 821. Pearson, D. L., and F. Cassola . 1992. World-wide species richness patterns of tiger beetles (Coleoptera : Cicindelidae): indicator taxon for biodiversity and conservation studies. Conservation Biology 6: 376– 391. Peters, R. H. 1991. A critique for ecology Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pietsch, T. W. et al. 2003. Biodiversity and biogeography of the islands of the Kuril Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1297– 1310. Prendergast, J. R., and B. C. Eversham . 1997. Species richness covariance in higher taxa: empirical tests of the biodiversity indicator concept. Ecography 20: 210– 216. Prendergast, J. R., R. M. Quinn, J. H. Lawton, B. C. Eversham, and D. W. Gibbons . 1993. Rare species, the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies. Nature 365: 335– 337. Ricketts, T. H., E. Dinerstein, D. M. Olson, and C. Loucks . 1999. Who's where in North America? Patterns of species richness and the utility of indicator taxa for conservation. BioScience 49: 369– 381. Robbins, R. K., and P. A. Opler . 1996. Butterfly diversity and a preliminary comparison with bird and mammal diversity. Pages 69– 82 in M. L. Reaka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson and E. O. Wilson, editors Biodiversity II: understanding and protecting our biological resources Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C., USA. Rogers, J. S. 1976. Species density and taxonomic diversity of Texas amphibians and reptiles. Systematic Zoology 25: 26– 40. Scott, J. M., P. J. Heglund, M. L. Morrison, J. B. Haufler, M. G. Raphael, W. A. Wall, and F. B. Samson . 2002. Introduction. Pages 1– 5 in J. M. Scott, P. J. Heglund, M. L. Morrison, J. B. Haufler, M. G. Raphael, W. A. Wall and F. B. Samson, editors Predicting species occurrences Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA. Sutherland, W. J. 2003. Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species. Nature 423: 276– 279. Tews, J., U. Brose, V. Grimm, K. Tielborger, M. C. Wichmann, M. Schwager, and F. Jeltsch . 2004. Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. Journal of Biogeography 31: 79– 92. Thomas, J. A., M. G. Telfer, D. B. Roy, C. D. Preston, J. J. D. Greenwood, J. Asher, R. Fox, R. T. Clarke, and J. H. Lawton . 2004. Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis. Science 303: 1879– 1881. Van Jaarsveld, A. S., S. Freitag, S. L. Chown, C. Muller, S. Koch, H. Hull, C. Bellamy, M. Krüger, S. Endrödy-Younga, M. W. Mansell, and C. H. Scholtz . 1998. Biodiversity assessment and conservation strategies. Science 279: 2106– 2108. Vessby, K., B. Soderstrom, A. Glimskar, and B. Svensson . 2002. Species-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands. Conservation Biology 16: 430– 439. Weaver, J. C. 1995. Indicator species and scale of observation. Conservation Biology 9: 939– 942. Weibull, A. C., O. Ostman, and A. Granqvist . 2003. Species richness in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat and farm management. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1335– 1355. Williams, P. H., and K. J. Gaston . 1994. Measuring more of diversity: can higher-taxon richness predict wholesale species richness? Biological Conservation 67: 211– 217. Zacharias, M. A., and J. C. Roff . 2001. Use of focal species in marine conservation and management: a review and critique. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 11: 59– 76. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3299285 Research data pertaining to this article is located at figshare.com: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume87, Issue8August 2006Pages 1886-1895 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Publication Year: 2006
Publication Date: 2006-08-01
Language: en
Type: review
Indexed In: ['crossref', 'pubmed']
Access and Citation
Cited By Count: 242
AI Researcher Chatbot
Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot