Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2171932819', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-013', 'title': 'A review of drought indices', 'display_name': 'A review of drought indices', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-09-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2171932819', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-013', 'mag': '2171932819'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-013', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S79420083', 'display_name': 'Environmental Reviews', 'issn_l': '1181-8700', 'issn': ['1181-8700', '1208-6053'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312929', 'host_organization_name': 'Canadian Science Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312929'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Canadian Science Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82090/2/52124084.2022.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103574383', 'display_name': 'Amin Zargar', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I822440', 'display_name': 'Okanagan University College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxmh518', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I822440']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amin Zargar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I822440', 'https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021400604', 'display_name': 'Rehan Sadiq', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-2366'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I822440', 'display_name': 'Okanagan University College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxmh518', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I822440']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rehan Sadiq', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I822440', 'https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061412397', 'display_name': 'Gholamreza Naser', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-4996'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I822440', 'display_name': 'Okanagan University College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxmh518', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I822440']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bahman Naser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Okanagan School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I822440', 'https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014307031', 'display_name': 'Faisal Khan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-4299'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130438778', 'display_name': 'Memorial University of Newfoundland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04haebc03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130438778']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Faisal I. Khan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130438778']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.805, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1076, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.748792, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': 'NA', 'first_page': '333', 'last_page': '349'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11186', 'display_name': 'Hydrology and Drought Analysis', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11186', 'display_name': 'Hydrology and Drought Analysis', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11404', 'display_name': 'Irrigation Practices and Water Management', 'score': 0.9945, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1111', 'display_name': 'Soil Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10439', 'display_name': 'Climate change impacts on agriculture', 'score': 0.9922, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4862422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4180947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38152063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36279744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28383452}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-013', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S79420083', 'display_name': 'Environmental Reviews', 'issn_l': '1181-8700', 'issn': ['1181-8700', '1208-6053'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312929', 'host_organization_name': 'Canadian Science Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312929'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Canadian Science Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82090', 'pdf_url': 'https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82090/2/52124084.2022.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402641', 'display_name': 'LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4383465926', 'host_organization_name': 'LA Referencia', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4383465926'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['LA Referencia'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82090', 'pdf_url': 'https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82090/2/52124084.2022.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402641', 'display_name': 'LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4383465926', 'host_organization_name': 'LA Referencia', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4383465926'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['LA Referencia'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.77, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'display_name': 'Climate action'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 100, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W116410465', 'https://openalex.org/W123360272', 'https://openalex.org/W1485678107', 'https://openalex.org/W1491450605', 'https://openalex.org/W1501250799', 'https://openalex.org/W1510324210', 'https://openalex.org/W1536200182', 'https://openalex.org/W1599866456', 'https://openalex.org/W1632068600', 'https://openalex.org/W1964034343', 'https://openalex.org/W1964217023', 'https://openalex.org/W1964386488', 'https://openalex.org/W1966159511', 'https://openalex.org/W1975384232', 'https://openalex.org/W1978617972', 'https://openalex.org/W1980595709', 'https://openalex.org/W1987352360', 'https://openalex.org/W1988891780', 'https://openalex.org/W1989279348', 'https://openalex.org/W1991929991', 'https://openalex.org/W1994423855', 'https://openalex.org/W1995206435', 'https://openalex.org/W1997696928', 'https://openalex.org/W1997893060', 'https://openalex.org/W2000102737', 'https://openalex.org/W2002115844', 'https://openalex.org/W2005073772', 'https://openalex.org/W2006476353', 'https://openalex.org/W2008327072', 'https://openalex.org/W2017886371', 'https://openalex.org/W2019819424', 'https://openalex.org/W2024903254', 'https://openalex.org/W2025305089', 'https://openalex.org/W2027866306', 'https://openalex.org/W2030724333', 'https://openalex.org/W2030811593', 'https://openalex.org/W2032013744', 'https://openalex.org/W2033996972', 'https://openalex.org/W2041197354', 'https://openalex.org/W2042836730', 'https://openalex.org/W2055946791', 'https://openalex.org/W2062445696', 'https://openalex.org/W2062620430', 'https://openalex.org/W2063623478', 'https://openalex.org/W2064784008', 'https://openalex.org/W2066049294', 'https://openalex.org/W2066939952', 'https://openalex.org/W2068371905', 'https://openalex.org/W2068738735', 'https://openalex.org/W2071776755', 'https://openalex.org/W2077968790', 'https://openalex.org/W2078476312', 'https://openalex.org/W2083052016', 'https://openalex.org/W2083479130', 'https://openalex.org/W2085979040', 'https://openalex.org/W2087414266', 'https://openalex.org/W2094420085', 'https://openalex.org/W2095055020', 'https://openalex.org/W2105272672', 'https://openalex.org/W2108045836', 'https://openalex.org/W2108452937', 'https://openalex.org/W2108564811', 'https://openalex.org/W2113429172', 'https://openalex.org/W2114113777', 'https://openalex.org/W2114553375', 'https://openalex.org/W2115312620', 'https://openalex.org/W2118860827', 'https://openalex.org/W2120902932', 'https://openalex.org/W2123810914', 'https://openalex.org/W2126400585', 'https://openalex.org/W2128031524', 'https://openalex.org/W2128262576', 'https://openalex.org/W2145984932', 'https://openalex.org/W2153179024', 'https://openalex.org/W2154083639', 'https://openalex.org/W2161881124', 'https://openalex.org/W2167787089', 'https://openalex.org/W2168633186', 'https://openalex.org/W2171979590', 'https://openalex.org/W2172136025', 'https://openalex.org/W2174742396', 'https://openalex.org/W2218836586', 'https://openalex.org/W2224070395', 'https://openalex.org/W2263979804', 'https://openalex.org/W2312997001', 'https://openalex.org/W2469347376', 'https://openalex.org/W2575311006', 'https://openalex.org/W2748777485', 'https://openalex.org/W2803955144', 'https://openalex.org/W2987920779', 'https://openalex.org/W2988471827', 'https://openalex.org/W3022189034', 'https://openalex.org/W313602328', 'https://openalex.org/W4229862041', 'https://openalex.org/W4230953156', 'https://openalex.org/W4250251222', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4296928277', 'https://openalex.org/W795608271', 'https://openalex.org/W81705164'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4376872516', 'https://openalex.org/W4225788860', 'https://openalex.org/W4205311831', 'https://openalex.org/W3190643595', 'https://openalex.org/W3096121261', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2279590895', 'https://openalex.org/W1991192109', 'https://openalex.org/W1968810339'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Analysis': [0], 'of': [1, 11, 23, 32, 49, 56, 76, 93, 113, 157, 164, 238, 249, 256, 269, 283], 'the': [2, 9, 12, 15, 21, 24, 37, 41, 47, 54, 64, 74, 90, 97, 102, 110, 116, 128, 146, 150, 154, 158, 174, 198, 211, 222, 236, 239, 247, 257, 267, 270, 273, 278, 281, 297], 'drought': [3, 16, 125, 175], 'phenomenon': [4, 51], 'in': [5, 17, 29, 36, 40, 171, 221], 'Colombia:It': [6], 'is': [7, 107, 195], 'showed': [8], 'results': [10], 'study': [13], 'on': [14, 20, 53, 81, 89, 263, 296], 'Colombia,': [18], 'based': [19, 80, 88, 262], 'review': [22, 92, 229], 'effects': [25], 'and': [26, 43, 46, 60, 70, 79, 115, 142, 153, 182, 185, 190, 241, 280], 'impacts': [27, 144], 'reported': [28], 'historical': [30, 91, 228], 'documents': [31], 'events': [33, 94, 126, 176, 216, 292], 'that': [34, 170, 235], 'occurred': [35], 'past,': [38], 'mainly': [39], 'XIX': [42], 'XX': [44], 'centuries,': [45], 'characteristics': [48], 'this': [50, 62], 'described': [52], 'basis': [55], 'spatial': [57], 'distribution,': [58], 'intensity': [59], 'frequency.For': [61], 'characterization,': [63], 'Standardized': [65], 'Precipitation': [66], 'Index': [67], 'was': [68, 86], 'calculated': [69], 'analyzed': [71, 129], 'for': [72, 254, 266, 277], 'identifying': [73], 'occurrence': [75], 'different': [77], 'intensities': [78], 'spectral': [82, 166], 'analysis,': [83], 'its': [84], 'frequency': [85], 'explored.Also,': [87], 'occurring': [95], 'during': [96, 127], 'last': [98], 'four': [99], 'centuries': [100], 'over': [101], 'region': [103], 'where': [104], 'Colombian': [105], 'territory': [106], 'established': [108], 'now,': [109], 'various': [111], 'forms': [112], 'impact': [114, 295], 'most': [117, 172], 'impacted': [118], 'economic': [119, 252], 'sectors': [120], 'were': [121, 137, 217], 'identified.In': [122], 'spite,': [123], 'severe': [124], 'period': [130], 'have': [131, 177, 245], 'a': [132, 178], 'low': [133], 'frequency,': [134, 165], 'some': [135, 291], 'cases': [136], 'found': [138], 'marked': [139], 'economic,': [140], 'social,': [141], 'political': [143], 'like': [145], '1877-1870': [147], 'event,': [148], 'or': [149], 'droughts': [151, 161, 268], '1925-1930': [152], '40s': [155], 'years': [156, 184, 192], '20': [159], 'Century': [160], 'series.In': [162], 'terms': [163], 'analysis': [167], 'points': [168], 'out': [169], 'regions': [173, 240], 'recurrence': [179], 'between': [180, 188], '3': [181], '5': [183], 'another': [186], 'cycle': [187, 194, 202, 205], '10': [189], '16': [191], 'approximately.first': [193], 'associated': [196], 'with': [197, 224], 'interannual': [199], 'climate': [200], 'variability': [201], 'El': [203, 212, 225], 'Niño': [204, 213, 226], '-La': [206], 'Niña': [207], '-Southern': [208], 'Oscillation,': [209], 'particularly': [210], 'phase,': [214], 'however': [215], 'recorded': [218], 'not': [219], 'only': [220], 'periods': [223], 'influence.The': [227], 'made': [230], 'it': [231], 'possible': [232], 'to': [233], 'establish': [234], 'aspects': [237], 'territories': [242], 'commonly': [243], 'affected': [244], 'been': [246, 261], 'availability': [248], 'food,': [250], 'whenever': [251], 'structure': [253], 'much': [255], "country's": [258], 'history': [259], 'has': [260], 'agricultural': [264], 'production;': [265], '20th': [271], 'century,': [272], 'water': [274], 'supply': [275], 'sector': [276], 'population': [279], 'generation': [282], 'energy,': [284], 'fishing,': [285], 'river': [286], 'transport': [287], 'are': [288], 'also': [289], 'highlighted;': [290], 'had': [293], 'an': [294], 'mining': [298], 'sector.': [299]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2171932819', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 140}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 167}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 153}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 135}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 128}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 104}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 76}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 78}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-21T09:37:18.378240', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}