Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2170739705', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38004-5', 'title': 'The Psychology of Self‐defense: Self‐Affirmation Theory', 'display_name': 'The Psychology of Self‐defense: Self‐Affirmation Theory', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2170739705', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38004-5', 'mag': '2170739705'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38004-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S106560479', 'display_name': 'Advances in experimental social psychology', 'issn_l': '0065-2601', 'issn': ['0065-2601', '1557-8410'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/self_defense.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082582740', 'display_name': 'David K. Sherman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-862X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David K. Sherman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016033095', 'display_name': 'Geoffrey L. Cohen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Geoffrey L. Cohen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 61.957, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1330, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999379, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '183', 'last_page': '242'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11454', 'display_name': 'Cultural Psychology and Values Research', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11454', 'display_name': 'Cultural Psychology and Values Research', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Intergroup Relations and Social Identity Theories', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12521', 'display_name': 'Psychological Effects of Social Exclusion', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-affirmation', 'display_name': 'Self-affirmation', 'score': 0.61424303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/system-justification', 'display_name': 'System Justification', 'score': 0.530629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem', 'display_name': 'Self-Esteem', 'score': 0.517143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-defense', 'display_name': 'Self defense', 'score': 0.5061576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-image', 'display_name': 'Self-image', 'score': 0.5028843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-enhancement', 'display_name': 'Self-enhancement', 'score': 0.4577796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-deception', 'display_name': 'Self-deception', 'score': 0.44117874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-fulfilling-prophecy', 'display_name': 'Self-fulfilling prophecy', 'score': 0.42835575}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.74153256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.66673607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164850336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487', 'display_name': 'Interpersonal communication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63186586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781358431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448013', 'display_name': 'Self-affirmation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61424303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993275398', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40283', 'display_name': 'Self defense', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5061576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96024061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473596', 'display_name': 'Self-image', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5028843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17235551', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236990', 'display_name': 'Self', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4754355}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73282008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895', 'display_name': 'Coping (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4690362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776535551', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9162854', 'display_name': 'Self-enhancement', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4577796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26961564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1602343', 'display_name': 'Self-deception', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44117874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57008531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528458', 'display_name': 'Self-fulfilling prophecy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42835575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542102704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257', 'display_name': 'Psychotherapist', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13713959}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09353429}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38004-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S106560479', 'display_name': 'Advances in experimental social psychology', 'issn_l': '0065-2601', 'issn': ['0065-2601', '1557-8410'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.683.5185', 'pdf_url': 'https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/self_defense.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.683.5185', 'pdf_url': 'https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/self_defense.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.62}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 241, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W136801769', 'https://openalex.org/W137739838', 'https://openalex.org/W1483679835', 'https://openalex.org/W1484993645', 'https://openalex.org/W149926111', 'https://openalex.org/W1502364519', 'https://openalex.org/W1529864138', 'https://openalex.org/W155898691', 'https://openalex.org/W1581321454', 'https://openalex.org/W1590158732', 'https://openalex.org/W1603542031', 'https://openalex.org/W1622658036', 'https://openalex.org/W1703134475', 'https://openalex.org/W1713442077', 'https://openalex.org/W1725435973', 'https://openalex.org/W1749181751', 'https://openalex.org/W1765045712', 'https://openalex.org/W1775741007', 'https://openalex.org/W1793840206', 'https://openalex.org/W179781070', 'https://openalex.org/W1799750435', 'https://openalex.org/W1826106524', 'https://openalex.org/W1847573338', 'https://openalex.org/W1857170875', 'https://openalex.org/W1867050271', 'https://openalex.org/W1919982252', 'https://openalex.org/W1935421882', 'https://openalex.org/W1939684408', 'https://openalex.org/W1965768481', 'https://openalex.org/W1966114254', 'https://openalex.org/W1967215969', 'https://openalex.org/W1968923318', 'https://openalex.org/W1969039856', 'https://openalex.org/W1969233283', 'https://openalex.org/W1970021480', 'https://openalex.org/W1971440513', 'https://openalex.org/W1971749549', 'https://openalex.org/W1972273899', 'https://openalex.org/W1972353358', 'https://openalex.org/W1976749919', 'https://openalex.org/W1978295004', 'https://openalex.org/W1980029855', 'https://openalex.org/W1980144372', 'https://openalex.org/W1982406605', 'https://openalex.org/W1984798263', 'https://openalex.org/W1985168914', 'https://openalex.org/W1986721142', 'https://openalex.org/W1992436366', 'https://openalex.org/W1992554080', 'https://openalex.org/W1992558273', 'https://openalex.org/W1993511187', 'https://openalex.org/W1995523052', 'https://openalex.org/W1996343423', 'https://openalex.org/W1996989091', 'https://openalex.org/W1997779251', 'https://openalex.org/W1998193015', 'https://openalex.org/W2002479604', 'https://openalex.org/W2004109092', 'https://openalex.org/W2005852998', 'https://openalex.org/W2010726920', 'https://openalex.org/W2011796313', 'https://openalex.org/W2013580676', 'https://openalex.org/W2014288430', 'https://openalex.org/W2014331503', 'https://openalex.org/W2016336925', 'https://openalex.org/W2016529572', 'https://openalex.org/W2020974813', 'https://openalex.org/W2023459471', 'https://openalex.org/W2026954961', 'https://openalex.org/W2028121969', 'https://openalex.org/W2028139627', 'https://openalex.org/W2028211630', 'https://openalex.org/W2030568963', 'https://openalex.org/W2030660189', 'https://openalex.org/W2031069757', 'https://openalex.org/W2033330645', 'https://openalex.org/W2035749725', 'https://openalex.org/W2038467956', 'https://openalex.org/W2038761752', 'https://openalex.org/W2041949427', 'https://openalex.org/W2044233907', 'https://openalex.org/W2047630056', 'https://openalex.org/W2047982742', 'https://openalex.org/W2048246874', 'https://openalex.org/W2048521010', 'https://openalex.org/W2049825199', 'https://openalex.org/W2050401316', 'https://openalex.org/W2051791981', 'https://openalex.org/W2052354782', 'https://openalex.org/W2055723050', 'https://openalex.org/W2057987167', 'https://openalex.org/W2059114960', 'https://openalex.org/W2061295764', 'https://openalex.org/W2064776065', 'https://openalex.org/W2066079074', 'https://openalex.org/W2066185911', 'https://openalex.org/W2066248714', 'https://openalex.org/W2066876973', 'https://openalex.org/W2067736870', 'https://openalex.org/W2068994370', 'https://openalex.org/W2072987943', 'https://openalex.org/W2075382077', 'https://openalex.org/W2075817733', 'https://openalex.org/W2075860471', 'https://openalex.org/W2076124583', 'https://openalex.org/W2078065347', 'https://openalex.org/W2078098743', 'https://openalex.org/W2079925146', 'https://openalex.org/W2081031067', 'https://openalex.org/W2082995417', 'https://openalex.org/W2086618572', 'https://openalex.org/W2087104567', 'https://openalex.org/W2088507508', 'https://openalex.org/W2088861238', 'https://openalex.org/W2090437043', 'https://openalex.org/W2091100244', 'https://openalex.org/W2091189092', 'https://openalex.org/W2091413411', 'https://openalex.org/W2092869326', 'https://openalex.org/W2093996137', 'https://openalex.org/W2097382382', 'https://openalex.org/W2097780989', 'https://openalex.org/W2098335992', 'https://openalex.org/W2099198900', 'https://openalex.org/W2099745374', 'https://openalex.org/W2103115923', 'https://openalex.org/W2103479513', 'https://openalex.org/W2104501159', 'https://openalex.org/W2104997427', 'https://openalex.org/W2106674466', 'https://openalex.org/W2107190688', 'https://openalex.org/W2107223217', 'https://openalex.org/W2110912171', 'https://openalex.org/W2112292965', 'https://openalex.org/W2113342679', 'https://openalex.org/W2114385529', 'https://openalex.org/W2114796310', 'https://openalex.org/W2116256083', 'https://openalex.org/W2118744644', 'https://openalex.org/W2121120377', 'https://openalex.org/W2124221574', 'https://openalex.org/W2124282270', 'https://openalex.org/W2127207410', 'https://openalex.org/W2129432831', 'https://openalex.org/W2129930387', 'https://openalex.org/W2130142026', 'https://openalex.org/W2131613757', 'https://openalex.org/W2131946459', 'https://openalex.org/W2135175034', 'https://openalex.org/W2135810139', 'https://openalex.org/W2137768965', 'https://openalex.org/W2138312301', 'https://openalex.org/W2138325436', 'https://openalex.org/W2139114136', 'https://openalex.org/W2140489376', 'https://openalex.org/W2140534852', 'https://openalex.org/W2142962405', 'https://openalex.org/W2143214107', 'https://openalex.org/W2144372049', 'https://openalex.org/W2144961120', 'https://openalex.org/W2145337011', 'https://openalex.org/W2145908263', 'https://openalex.org/W2146006411', 'https://openalex.org/W2146463557', 'https://openalex.org/W2147736025', 'https://openalex.org/W2148984495', 'https://openalex.org/W2149893809', 'https://openalex.org/W2150475682', 'https://openalex.org/W2151318005', 'https://openalex.org/W2152206667', 'https://openalex.org/W2153308952', 'https://openalex.org/W2153837488', 'https://openalex.org/W2155648052', 'https://openalex.org/W2156047893', 'https://openalex.org/W2156391644', 'https://openalex.org/W2156796359', 'https://openalex.org/W2157137842', 'https://openalex.org/W2160586511', 'https://openalex.org/W2162079558', 'https://openalex.org/W2164391693', 'https://openalex.org/W2166501074', 'https://openalex.org/W2167884222', 'https://openalex.org/W2169008446', 'https://openalex.org/W2171975196', 'https://openalex.org/W2172022992', 'https://openalex.org/W2172118262', 'https://openalex.org/W2216861168', 'https://openalex.org/W2243924844', 'https://openalex.org/W2315000426', 'https://openalex.org/W2316534334', 'https://openalex.org/W2324062392', 'https://openalex.org/W2327370246', 'https://openalex.org/W2333584940', 'https://openalex.org/W2334787351', 'https://openalex.org/W2417979307', 'https://openalex.org/W2421917313', 'https://openalex.org/W2620142778', 'https://openalex.org/W2913040415', 'https://openalex.org/W2929861005', 'https://openalex.org/W2946899211', 'https://openalex.org/W2948559562', 'https://openalex.org/W2991480054', 'https://openalex.org/W3039016971', 'https://openalex.org/W3048634210', 'https://openalex.org/W3117443890', 'https://openalex.org/W3131215869', 'https://openalex.org/W3150989768', 'https://openalex.org/W3202912068', 'https://openalex.org/W377218205', 'https://openalex.org/W398777897', 'https://openalex.org/W4205351144', 'https://openalex.org/W4211146508', 'https://openalex.org/W4230334781', 'https://openalex.org/W4231165370', 'https://openalex.org/W4231364841', 'https://openalex.org/W4233188495', 'https://openalex.org/W4233788159', 'https://openalex.org/W4234131809', 'https://openalex.org/W4237628896', 'https://openalex.org/W4240840306', 'https://openalex.org/W4243074445', 'https://openalex.org/W4247021786', 'https://openalex.org/W4248161867', 'https://openalex.org/W4248170284', 'https://openalex.org/W4249412541', 'https://openalex.org/W4250229391', 'https://openalex.org/W4250269618', 'https://openalex.org/W4250640921', 'https://openalex.org/W4253204251', 'https://openalex.org/W4254129346', 'https://openalex.org/W4255683652', 'https://openalex.org/W4292811746', 'https://openalex.org/W4293105157', 'https://openalex.org/W4297574101', 'https://openalex.org/W4300107936', 'https://openalex.org/W4319429746', 'https://openalex.org/W4322696406', 'https://openalex.org/W4322696409', 'https://openalex.org/W4322702210', 'https://openalex.org/W4376848210', 'https://openalex.org/W630727849'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4294710552', 'https://openalex.org/W4245426601', 'https://openalex.org/W3114572318', 'https://openalex.org/W2783262070', 'https://openalex.org/W2320633367', 'https://openalex.org/W2170739705', 'https://openalex.org/W2142558987', 'https://openalex.org/W2084473518', 'https://openalex.org/W2031140857', 'https://openalex.org/W2018274503'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'chapter': [1, 50, 123], 'provides': [2], 'an': [3, 21], 'overview': [4], 'of': [5, 15, 23, 26, 35, 108, 127, 134, 148, 151], 'self-affirmation': [6, 53], 'theory.': [7], 'Self-affirmation': [8], 'theory': [9, 129, 153], 'asserts': [10], 'that': [11, 102], 'the': [12, 16, 75, 83, 86, 106, 125, 149], 'overall': [13], 'goal': [14], 'self-system': [17], 'is': [18, 37], 'to': [19, 46, 60, 82, 117, 130], 'protect': [20], 'image': [22, 34], 'its': [24, 27], 'self-integrity,': [25], 'moral': [28], 'and': [29, 63, 70, 115, 120, 136, 140, 157], 'adaptive': [30], 'adequacy.': [31], 'When': [32], 'this': [33], 'self-integrity': [36], 'threatened,': [38], 'people': [39, 92], 'respond': [40], 'in': [41, 77], 'such': [42, 89], 'a': [43, 146], 'way': [44], 'as': [45, 90], 'restore': [47], 'self-worth.': [48], 'The': [49, 122], 'illustrates': [51], 'how': [52], 'affects': [54], 'not': [55], 'only': [56], "people's": [57], 'cognitive': [58], 'responses': [59], 'threatening': [61, 94], 'information': [62, 95], 'events,': [64], 'but': [65], 'also': [66], 'their': [67, 97], 'physiological': [68], 'adaptations': [69], 'actual': [71], 'behavior.': [72], 'It': [73, 99, 143], 'examines': [74], 'ways': [76], 'which': [78], 'self-affirmations': [79, 128, 152], 'reduce': [80], 'threats': [81], 'self': [84], 'at': [85], 'collective': [87], 'level,': [88], 'when': [91], 'confront': [93], 'about': [96], 'groups.': [98], 'reviews': [100, 137], 'factors': [101], 'qualify': [103], 'or': [104], 'limit': [105], 'effectiveness': [107], 'self-affirmations,': [109], 'including': [110], 'situations': [111], 'where': [112], 'affirmations': [113], 'backfire,': [114], 'lead': [116], 'greater': [118], 'defensiveness': [119], 'discrimination.': [121], 'discusses': [124], 'connection': [126], 'other': [131], 'motivational': [132], 'theories': [133], 'self-defense': [135], 'relevant': [138], 'theoretical': [139], 'empirical': [141], 'advances.': [142], 'concludes': [144], 'with': [145], 'discussion': [147], 'implications': [150], 'for': [154], 'interpersonal': [155], 'relationships': [156], 'coping.': [158]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170739705', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 83}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 122}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 122}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 94}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 99}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 84}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 88}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 79}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 62}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T12:40:18.815317', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}