Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2166732695', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.882255', 'title': 'NRZ-OOK-to-RZ-BPSK modulation-format conversion using SOA-MZI wavelength converter', 'display_name': 'NRZ-OOK-to-RZ-BPSK modulation-format conversion using SOA-MZI wavelength converter', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2166732695', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.882255', 'mag': '2166732695'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.882255', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2307745', 'display_name': 'Journal of Lightwave Technology', 'issn_l': '0733-8724', 'issn': ['0733-8724', '1558-2213'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081246519', 'display_name': 'Mishina', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98285908', 'display_name': 'Osaka University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035t8zc32', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Mishina', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Osaka Univ., Suita'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Osaka Univ., Suita', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022541157', 'display_name': 'Maruta', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98285908', 'display_name': 'Osaka University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035t8zc32', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Maruta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063434084', 'display_name': 'Mitani', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Mitani', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063426534', 'display_name': 'Miyahara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Miyahara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information Technology R & D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information Technology R & D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113940743', 'display_name': 'Ishida', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Ishida', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111934005', 'display_name': 'Shimizu Shimizu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Shimizu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071383521', 'display_name': 'Hatta', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98285908', 'display_name': 'Osaka University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035t8zc32', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Hatta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, Information Technology Research and Development Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'https://openalex.org/I98285908']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052841401', 'display_name': 'Motoshima', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125', 'display_name': 'Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033y26782', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306287861', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Motoshima', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information Technology R & D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information Technology R & D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited, Itami, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133125']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088880931', 'display_name': 'Kitayama', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98285908', 'display_name': 'Osaka University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035t8zc32', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Kitayama', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.489, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 98, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.935753, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '24', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '3751', 'last_page': '3758'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10232', 'display_name': 'Optical Network Technologies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10232', 'display_name': 'Optical Network Technologies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10767', 'display_name': 'Advanced Photonic Communication Systems', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10299', 'display_name': 'Photonic and Optical Devices', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying', 'display_name': 'On-off keying', 'score': 0.66278684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-shift-keying', 'display_name': 'Amplitude-shift keying', 'score': 0.6325883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation', 'display_name': 'Modulation (music)', 'score': 0.608385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/signal', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'score': 0.46819362}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186378180', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866', 'display_name': 'Phase-shift keying', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7921723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170030856', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128', 'display_name': 'On-off keying', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.66278684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776542216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306', 'display_name': 'Keying', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6369309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777973058', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284', 'display_name': 'Amplitude-shift keying', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6325883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123079801', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240', 'display_name': 'Modulation (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.608385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56296756', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922', 'display_name': 'Bit error rate', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5540673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101649071', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305', 'display_name': 'Optical amplifier', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52099496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48130646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779843651', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46819362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24326235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095', 'display_name': 'Electronic engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43574348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42797446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166689943', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283', 'display_name': 'Interferometry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41967747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96834759', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463', 'display_name': 'Phase modulation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41211882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2779981}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2166523}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21201274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89631360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766', 'display_name': 'Phase noise', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15720907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127162648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953', 'display_name': 'Channel (broadcasting)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.882255', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2307745', 'display_name': 'Journal of Lightwave Technology', 'issn_l': '0733-8724', 'issn': ['0733-8724', '1558-2213'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.76, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 24, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W131193992', 'https://openalex.org/W1500698924', 'https://openalex.org/W1505763346', 'https://openalex.org/W1575881884', 'https://openalex.org/W2049165224', 'https://openalex.org/W2054850469', 'https://openalex.org/W2060093775', 'https://openalex.org/W2097753597', 'https://openalex.org/W2106544428', 'https://openalex.org/W2118368966', 'https://openalex.org/W2126751808', 'https://openalex.org/W2127919634', 'https://openalex.org/W2133901523', 'https://openalex.org/W2144499141', 'https://openalex.org/W2148866151', 'https://openalex.org/W2153889027', 'https://openalex.org/W2156202431', 'https://openalex.org/W2157255578', 'https://openalex.org/W2158197849', 'https://openalex.org/W2169216555', 'https://openalex.org/W2169884900', 'https://openalex.org/W3021822809', 'https://openalex.org/W3147095604', 'https://openalex.org/W561784738'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4245254780', 'https://openalex.org/W3026616010', 'https://openalex.org/W3005973175', 'https://openalex.org/W3004908124', 'https://openalex.org/W2963190840', 'https://openalex.org/W2731019566', 'https://openalex.org/W2402188480', 'https://openalex.org/W2284018709', 'https://openalex.org/W2004825331', 'https://openalex.org/W1489774986'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0, 18], 'novel': [1], 'all-optical': [2], 'modulation-format': [3], 'conversion': [4], 'from': [5], 'nonreturn-to-zero': [6], 'on-off': [7], 'keying': [8, 14], '(NRZ-OOK)': [9], 'to': [10, 33, 53, 93], 'return-to-zero': [11], 'binary': [12], 'phase-shift': [13], '(RZ-BPSK)': [15], 'is': [16, 31, 48, 68, 97], 'proposed.': [17], 'Mach-Zehnder': [19], 'interferometric': [20], '(MZI)': [21], 'wavelength': [22], 'converter': [23], 'consisting': [24], 'of': [25, 45, 57, 64, 88], 'integrated': [26], 'semiconductor': [27], 'optical': [28], 'amplifiers': [29], '(SOAs)': [30], 'utilized': [32], 'implement': [34], 'the': [35, 55, 58, 65, 89, 104, 108], 'proposed': [36, 59], 'format': [37], 'conversion.': [38], 'Error-free': [39], 'operation': [40], 'at': [41, 79], 'a': [42, 75, 84], 'bit': [43], 'rate': [44], '10.7': [46], 'Gb/s': [47], 'experimentally': [49], 'demonstrated': [50], 'in': [51], 'order': [52], 'show': [54], 'feasibility': [56], 'scheme.': [60], 'The': [61, 99], 'received': [62], 'sensitivity': [63], 'converted': [66, 90], 'signal': [67, 78, 91], 'improved': [69], 'by': [70], '2.9': [71], 'dB': [72], 'compared': [73], 'with': [74], 'back-to-back': [76], 'NRZ-OOK': [77], 'BER=10/sup': [80], '-9/.': [81], 'In': [82], 'addition,': [83], 'reasonable': [85], 'dispersion': [86], 'tolerance': [87], 'up': [92], '/spl': [94], 'plusmn/500': [95], 'ps/nm': [96], 'observed.': [98], 'numerical': [100], 'simulation': [101], 'based': [102], 'upon': [103], 'carrier-rate': [105], 'equation': [106], 'verifies': [107], 'experimental': [109], 'results.': [110]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2166732695', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T05:12:21.113413', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}