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962, 979], 'comprised': [438], 'four': [440, 443], 'intrinsic': [441], '(7).': [446], 'many': [448, 944, 1049], 'influence': [450, 1051, 1273], 'airway.': [460, 780], 'alter': [463], '(see': [471], 'Fig.': [472], '1).At': [473], 'onset': [475], 'rapid-eye-movement': [478], '(REM)': [479], 'sleep,': [480, 543, 608, 716, 1072, 1209], 'particularly': [481], 'when': [482], 'active': [483], 'eye': [484], 'movements': [485], 'present,': [487], 'there': [488, 645, 967], 'profound': [491], 'loss': [492], 'muscles.': [499, 634], 'Not': [500], 'surprisingly,': [501], 'common': [506, 564], 'periods.': [509], 'discussed': [511], 'state-dependent': [516], 'drives': [519, 1668, 1782], '(9),': [524], 'work': [526, 1305], 'Horner': [528, 1659], 'others': [530, 1089], 'has': [531, 640, 653, 987], 'provided': [532], 'insight': [533, 1346], 'into': [534, 1347], 'mechanisms': [536], 'mediating': [537], 'genioglossus': [538, 581, 713, 1785], 'inhibition': [540], 'REM': [542], 'source': [545], 'inspiratory': [547], 'hypoglossal': [550, 624, 1741, 1809], 'motoneurons,': [551], 'possibility': [554], 'motor': [556], 'suppression': [557], 'drug-induced': [561], 'sedation': [562], 'share': [563], 'pathways': [566], 'cellular': [568], 'mechanisms.Approximately': [569], 'one-third': [570, 1195], 'patients': [573, 691, 704, 996, 1025, 1080, 1265, 1638, 1895], 'generate': [574], 'minimal': [575], 'no': [577], 'non-REM': [583], 'response': [586, 1523], 'experimentally': [588], 'induced': [589], 'apneas': [590], 'hypopneas': [592], '(5,': [593, 1232], '6).': [594], 'One': [595], 'therapeutic': [596, 638, 1561], 'approach': [597, 639], 'overcome': [599, 847], 'reductions': [601, 898, 972], 'tone': [606, 671], 'as': [609, 734, 830, 997, 999, 1042], 'covered': [610, 1043], 'Schwartz': [612, 1514, 1799], 'colleagues': [614], '(13)': [615], 'nerve,': [625], 'artificial': [627, 839], 'Until': [635], 'recently,': [636], 'this': [637, 680, 718, 1304, 1993], 'been': [641, 654, 963, 989], 'quite': [642], 'limited': [643], 'but': [644, 958], 'now': [647], 'several': [648, 729, 1045], 'ongoing': [649], 'trials': [650], '(13).': [651], 'possible': [655], 'because': [656], 'advances': [658], 'neurostimulation': [660, 694, 888, 952], 'technology.': [661], 'individuals': [663, 876, 1321, 1336], 'with': [664, 897, 951, 976, 1078, 1088, 1639, 1675, 1896, 1976], 'severe': [665], 'impairments': [666], 'would': [674], 'be': [675, 1249], 'expected': [676], 'respond': [678, 1113], 'approach.': [681], 'Development': [682], 'simple': [684], 'accurate': [686], 'tools': [687], 'identify': [689], 'benefit': [692], 'from': [693, 881, 1154, 1339, 1369, 1582, 1992], 'challenge.In': [697], 'contrast,': [698], 'substantial': [700], 'proportion': [701], 'develop': [706, 1324], 'large': [707, 768], 'increases': [708, 769], 'natural': [715], 'fails': [721], 'alleviate': [723], '(5).': [726, 1101], 'There': [727, 942], 'possibilities,': [730], 'considerations,': [733], 'Bilston': [737, 1407, 1450], 'Gandevia': [739, 1409, 1448, 1776], '(1)': [740], 'biomecanical': [746], 'effect': [755, 1420, 1738], 'behavior': [758, 791, 1423], 'OSA,': [763], 'explain': [766], 'why': [767], 'sometimes': [774], 'insufficient': [775, 1119], 'open': [777], 'Possibilities': [781], 'include': [782], '1)': [783, 1204], 'severely': [784], 'compromised': [785], 'anatomy,': [788], '2)': [789, 1210], 'non-tube-like': [790], 'whereby': [792], 'driving': [793], 'pressure': [794], 'exceeds': [795], 'dilatation': [798], 'reduce': [800, 894], 'airflow': [801], '(negative': [802], 'effort': [803], 'dependence),': [804], '3)': [805, 1227], 'poor': [806], 'muscles,': [811, 820, 957, 1225], '4)': [812], 'counterproductive': [813], 'bidirectional': [814], 'movement': [815, 1453], '5)': [822], 'changes': [824, 947], 'structures': [828], 'such': [829], 'epiglottic': [831], '2,': [834], '4,': [835], '10,': [836], 'Interestingly,': [838], 'dissociation': [849], 'between': [850, 995, 1024, 1075], 'already': [851, 938], 'naturally': [852], 'high': [853], 'levels': [854], 'output': [857], '(4).': [862], 'ability': [865], 'deliver': [867, 1308], 'required': [869, 1032, 1216], 'level': [870], 'cause': [878], 'frequent': [879], 'arousals': [880, 1915], 'sleep.Although': [882], 'clinical': [883, 969, 1676], 'data': [884, 970], 'indicate': [885], 'nightly': [887], 'dilators': [892], 'severity,': [896], 'maintained': [899], 'at': [901, 1711], 'least': [902], '1': [903, 2012, 2018], 'year': [904], 'long-term': [907, 918], 'effects': [909, 923, 932], 'unknown.': [916], 'Theoretically,': [917], 'yield': [921], 'beneficial': [922], 'via': [924, 933, 1118], 'plasticity': [926], '(e.g.,': [927], 'enhanced': [928], 'endurance)': [929], 'deleterious': [931], 'hypertrophy': [935], 'an': [937, 1105], 'crowded': [939], '(11).': [941], 'plausible': [945], 'could': [949], 'occur': [950], 'they': [959], 'have': [960, 1178], 'not': [961, 988, 1323], 'formally': [964], 'tested.': [965], 'Similarly,': [966], 'demonstrating': [971], 'severity': [975, 1202], 'training': [977, 981], '(8),': [978], 'how': [980, 1334], 'affects': [982], 'investigated.There': [990], 'variation': [994], 'well': [998], 'variability': [1000], 'within': [1004], 'patient': [1006], 'Both': [1015], 'anatomical': [1017, 1029, 1329], 'causes': [1020, 1553], 'vary': [1023], '(3,': [1026], '5).': [1027], 'Some': [1028], 'compromise': [1030], 'collapse': [1038, 1974], 'sleep.': [1040], 'reviews,': [1048], 'static': [1052], 'Indeed,': [1061], 'Pcrit,': [1062], 'functional': [1064], 'measure': [1065], 'collapsibility': [1070, 1705], 'varies': [1073], 'substantially': [1074], 'patients,': [1077], 'some': [1079, 1320], 'requiring': [1081, 1090], 'suction': [1082], 'pressures': [1083], 'up': [1084], '−5': [1086], 'cmH2O': [1087, 1095], 'excess': [1092], '+5': [1094], 'close': [1097], 'In': [1102, 1234], 'addition': [1103], 'inability': [1106], 'either': [1117], 'translation': [1123], 'increased': [1125], 'opening,': [1130], 'stability': [1137], 'OSA.': [1141], 'outlined': [1143], 'Eckert': [1148, 1541, 1577, 1695, 1825], 'Younes': [1150, 1579, 1911], '(6)': [1151], 'implications': [1158, 1584], 'pathogenesis': [1163, 1349, 1485, 1589, 1918], 'treatment,': [1165], 'awakening': [1169, 1254], '(the': [1173], 'threshold)': [1176], 'dual': [1179], 'roles': [1180], 'pathogenesis.': [1183], 'Awakening': [1184], 'too': [1185], 'easily,': [1186], 'low': [1190], 'threshold': [1192, 1242], '(present': [1193], 'patients)': [1198], 'increase': [1200, 1218, 1239], 'preventing': [1205], 'deeper': [1206], 'stable': [1208], 'limiting': [1211], 'buildup': [1212], 'stimuli': [1215], 'perpetuating': [1228], 'instability': [1231], '16).': [1233], 'individuals,': [1236], 'strategies': [1237], 'likely': [1247, 1343], 'helpful.': [1250], 'Conversely,': [1251], 'difficulty': [1252], 'prolong': [1256], 'events': [1258], 'worsen': [1260], '(6).Given': [1266], 'variety': [1268], 'heterogeneity': [1283], 'pathophysiology,': [1286], 'models': [1288], 'techniques': [1290], 'being': [1292], 'developed': [1293], 'estimate': [1295], 'contributing': [1297], '(14,': [1299], '15).': [1300], 'The': [1301, 1985], 'goal': [1302], 'targeted': [1309], 'according': [1311], 'underlying': [1313], 'per-patient': [1317], 'basis.': [1318], 'Curiously,': [1319], 'do': [1322], 'despite': [1326], 'abnormities': [1327], 'traits.': [1332], 'Understanding': [1333], 'protected': [1338], 'provide': [1345], 'treatment.GRANTSD.J.E.': [1351], 'S.G.': [1353], 'supported': [1355], 'National': [1358], 'Health': [1359], 'Medical': [1361, 1371], 'Council': [1363], '(of': [1364], 'Australia).DISCLOSURESDJE': [1365], 'received': [1366], 'consulting': [1367], 'income': [1368], 'Apnex': [1370], '2009/10.AUTHOR': [1373], 'CONTRIBUTIONSAuthor': [1374], 'contributions:': [1375], 'D.J.E.': [1376, 1384, 1387, 1392, 1399], 'S.C.G.': [1378, 1389, 1394, 1401], 'conception': [1379], 'design': [1381], 'research;': [1383], 'prepared': [1385], 'figures;': [1386], 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[2002], 'PermissionsCopyright': [2003], '©': [2004], '2014': [2005, 2014, 2020], 'American': [2007], 'Physiological': [2008], 'Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01326.2013PubMed24356521History': [2009], 'Published': [2010, 2015], 'online': [2011], 'February': [2013, 2019], 'print': [2017], 'Metrics': [2021]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2166555768', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-16T04:30:25.569943', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}