Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2165638832', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01911c', 'title': 'A synergistic biorefinery based on catalytic conversion of lignin prior to cellulose starting from lignocellulosic biomass', 'display_name': 'A synergistic biorefinery based on catalytic conversion of lignin prior to cellulose starting from lignocellulosic biomass', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-12-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2165638832', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01911c', 'mag': '2165638832'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01911c', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55009144', 'display_name': 'Green Chemistry', 'issn_l': '1463-9262', 'issn': ['1463-9262', '1463-9270'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320556', 'host_organization_name': 'Royal Society of Chemistry', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320556'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Royal Society of Chemistry'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052077095', 'display_name': 'Trenton H. Parsell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-926X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Trenton Parsell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059263582', 'display_name': 'Sara L. Yohe', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sara Yohe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078867103', 'display_name': 'John C. Degenstein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Degenstein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006274628', 'display_name': 'Tiffany M. Jarrell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tiffany Jarrell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001172163', 'display_name': 'Ian Klein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ian Klein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017585010', 'display_name': 'Emre Gençer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-2371'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Emre Gencer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000010836', 'display_name': 'Barron Hewetson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Barron Hewetson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005817160', 'display_name': 'Matt Hurt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matt Hurt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081326005', 'display_name': 'Jeongim Kim', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5618-3948'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeong Im Kim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Discovery Park', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044510142', 'display_name': 'Harshavardhan Choudhari', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harshavardhan Choudhari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029784426', 'display_name': 'Basudeb Saha', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-3227'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Basudeb Saha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018714815', 'display_name': 'Richard Meilan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-1110'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard Meilan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Discovery Park', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087903223', 'display_name': 'Nathan S. Mosier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-644X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nathan Mosier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087450275', 'display_name': 'Fabio H. Ribeiro', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-461X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fabio Ribeiro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010630640', 'display_name': 'W. Nicholas Delgass', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-5085'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Nicholas Delgass', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020403400', 'display_name': 'Clint Chapple', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-562X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Clint Chapple', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Discovery Park', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056660920', 'display_name': 'Hilkka I. Kenttämaa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-6984'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hilkka I. Kenttämaa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071177661', 'display_name': 'Rakesh Agrawal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6746-9829'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Rakesh Agrawal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Discovery Park', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'West Lafayette'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Discovery Park', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Lafayette', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037874937', 'display_name': 'Mahdi M. Abu‐Omar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-1985'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'display_name': 'Brown Institute for Media Innovation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02awzbn54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'display_name': 'Purdue University West Lafayette', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dqehb95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Mahdi M. Abu-Omar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'Department of Chemistry', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brown Laboratory and Negishi Brown Institute, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5071177661', 'https://openalex.org/A5037874937'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I219193219', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111952', 'https://openalex.org/I219193219'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 18.354, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 394, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.891509, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '17', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '1492', 'last_page': '1499'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11009', 'display_name': 'Catalysis for Biomass Conversion', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11009', 'display_name': 'Catalysis for Biomass Conversion', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10171', 'display_name': 'Biofuel production and bioconversion', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11208', 'display_name': 'Lignin and Wood Chemistry', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lignocellulosic-biomass', 'display_name': 'Lignocellulosic Biomass', 'score': 0.8406813}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780301381', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864683', 'display_name': 'Biorefinery', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.941361}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781052789', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817', 'display_name': 'Lignin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9260793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778234585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508355', 'display_name': 'Lignocellulosic biomass', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8406813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115540264', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560', 'display_name': 'Biomass (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8119391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779251873', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294', 'display_name': 'Cellulose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8103891}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C528095902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886', 'display_name': 'Pulp and paper industry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6518606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5803434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777702071', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130336', 'display_name': 'Phenol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57955426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5771712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4269776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53991642', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991', 'display_name': 'Biofuel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41379544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32609433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206139338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355', 'display_name': 'Raw material', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3196411}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27307397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09613082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.04740715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.04713556}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01911c', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55009144', 'display_name': 'Green Chemistry', 'issn_l': '1463-9262', 'issn': ['1463-9262', '1463-9270'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320556', 'host_organization_name': 'Royal Society of Chemistry', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320556'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Royal Society of Chemistry'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1210426', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320337480', 'funder_display_name': 'Basic Energy Sciences', 'award_id': 'DE-SC0000997'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W145286151', 'https://openalex.org/W1522459688', 'https://openalex.org/W1954676506', 'https://openalex.org/W1966520891', 'https://openalex.org/W1971144082', 'https://openalex.org/W1976343525', 'https://openalex.org/W1976950856', 'https://openalex.org/W1980245408', 'https://openalex.org/W1982599553', 'https://openalex.org/W1991018022', 'https://openalex.org/W1999057729', 'https://openalex.org/W2012021470', 'https://openalex.org/W2012037669', 'https://openalex.org/W2012606430', 'https://openalex.org/W2038452040', 'https://openalex.org/W2054401433', 'https://openalex.org/W2060243173', 'https://openalex.org/W2062306736', 'https://openalex.org/W2067797967', 'https://openalex.org/W2074768369', 'https://openalex.org/W2076314081', 'https://openalex.org/W2077814708', 'https://openalex.org/W2079585214', 'https://openalex.org/W2081221463', 'https://openalex.org/W2084904528', 'https://openalex.org/W2089675465', 'https://openalex.org/W2101098790', 'https://openalex.org/W2103099844', 'https://openalex.org/W2108732939', 'https://openalex.org/W2119220115', 'https://openalex.org/W2124550119', 'https://openalex.org/W2126443217', 'https://openalex.org/W2138390205', 'https://openalex.org/W2142209174', 'https://openalex.org/W2164761813', 'https://openalex.org/W2326937330', 'https://openalex.org/W4253557371', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309642579', 'https://openalex.org/W4283575019', 'https://openalex.org/W4248567888', 'https://openalex.org/W4234413381', 'https://openalex.org/W4225244430', 'https://openalex.org/W3126232133', 'https://openalex.org/W2761053871', 'https://openalex.org/W2165638832', 'https://openalex.org/W2081710537', 'https://openalex.org/W2061084055'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'One': [0], 'step': [1], 'conversion': [2], 'of': [3], 'lignin': [4], 'from': [5], 'intact': [6], 'biomass': [7], 'to': [8, 14], 'two': [9], 'phenol': [10], 'products,': [11], 'improving': [12], 'access': [13], 'aromatics': [15], 'and': [16], 'fuels.': [17]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2165638832', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 50}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 22}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T10:24:45.619194', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}