Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2165028760', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00392.x', 'title': 'FIFTY YEARS OF LUMINESCENCE DATING*', 'display_name': 'FIFTY YEARS OF LUMINESCENCE DATING*', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-03-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2165028760', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00392.x', 'mag': '2165028760'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00392.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S35512523', 'display_name': 'Archaeometry', 'issn_l': '0003-813X', 'issn': ['0003-813X', '1475-4754'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109965150', 'display_name': 'A.G. Wintle', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I16038530', 'display_name': 'Aberystwyth University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015m2p889', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I16038530']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'A. G. WINTLE', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I16038530']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5109965150'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I16038530'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3190, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3190, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.97, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 156, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999919, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '50', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '276', 'last_page': '312'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10087', 'display_name': 'Archaeology and ancient environmental studies', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12073', 'display_name': 'Isotope Analysis in Ecology', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoluminescence-dating', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescence dating', 'score': 0.94671726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/optically-stimulated-luminescence', 'display_name': 'Optically stimulated luminescence', 'score': 0.9012712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-dating', 'display_name': 'Optical dating', 'score': 0.568559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-luminescence', 'display_name': 'Persistent luminescence', 'score': 0.45201525}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110307207', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2727388', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescence dating', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.94671726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125800877', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098909', 'display_name': 'Optically stimulated luminescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9012712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102073756', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36194', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8312763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778520076', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170258', 'display_name': 'Feldspar', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7912687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779870107', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010', 'display_name': 'Quartz', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66002643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6404402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6213176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187817949', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335524', 'display_name': 'Optical dating', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.568559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148869448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184240', 'display_name': 'Luminescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55756724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130056557', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11642', 'display_name': 'Pottery', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5267493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199289684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353', 'display_name': 'Mineralogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.515467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781291010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580', 'display_name': 'Period (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46704572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93359917', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170413', 'display_name': 'Persistent luminescence', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45201525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160464908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185', 'display_name': 'Quaternary', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43545204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17409809', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33838922}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24243504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1847418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15235391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07418358}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00392.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S35512523', 'display_name': 'Archaeometry', 'issn_l': '0003-813X', 'issn': ['0003-813X', '1475-4754'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 228, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1612927609', 'https://openalex.org/W1656854689', 'https://openalex.org/W1660123129', 'https://openalex.org/W175192511', 'https://openalex.org/W1819440055', 'https://openalex.org/W1900849919', 'https://openalex.org/W1960145951', 'https://openalex.org/W1963639358', 'https://openalex.org/W1964057701', 'https://openalex.org/W1965761341', 'https://openalex.org/W1966308362', 'https://openalex.org/W1967705974', 'https://openalex.org/W1967837631', 'https://openalex.org/W1968254137', 'https://openalex.org/W1968899494', 'https://openalex.org/W1969078499', 'https://openalex.org/W1970560640', 'https://openalex.org/W1971483906', 'https://openalex.org/W1971758756', 'https://openalex.org/W1972077595', 'https://openalex.org/W1972917802', 'https://openalex.org/W1973142975', 'https://openalex.org/W1973837511', 'https://openalex.org/W1975058327', 'https://openalex.org/W1975814028', 'https://openalex.org/W1977005985', 'https://openalex.org/W1977800616', 'https://openalex.org/W1978550785', 'https://openalex.org/W1979174656', 'https://openalex.org/W1979321770', 'https://openalex.org/W1980235419', 'https://openalex.org/W1981151029', 'https://openalex.org/W1981467759', 'https://openalex.org/W1982539795', 'https://openalex.org/W1982941937', 'https://openalex.org/W1984126976', 'https://openalex.org/W1984155807', 'https://openalex.org/W1984246452', 'https://openalex.org/W1985373850', 'https://openalex.org/W1987205295', 'https://openalex.org/W1987705145', 'https://openalex.org/W1988113562', 'https://openalex.org/W1988617170', 'https://openalex.org/W1990336551', 'https://openalex.org/W1990679430', 'https://openalex.org/W1990959949', 'https://openalex.org/W1991829629', 'https://openalex.org/W1992133117', 'https://openalex.org/W1992317256', 'https://openalex.org/W1992747436', 'https://openalex.org/W1993293589', 'https://openalex.org/W1994692668', 'https://openalex.org/W1995503879', 'https://openalex.org/W1995672440', 'https://openalex.org/W1995718808', 'https://openalex.org/W1996073518', 'https://openalex.org/W1996968825', 'https://openalex.org/W1998181027', 'https://openalex.org/W1998388084', 'https://openalex.org/W2000121135', 'https://openalex.org/W2000314863', 'https://openalex.org/W2000996561', 'https://openalex.org/W2001080782', 'https://openalex.org/W2001230809', 'https://openalex.org/W2001303262', 'https://openalex.org/W2001869522', 'https://openalex.org/W2002264489', 'https://openalex.org/W2002394725', 'https://openalex.org/W2003856860', 'https://openalex.org/W2004197255', 'https://openalex.org/W2004421906', 'https://openalex.org/W2006398969', 'https://openalex.org/W2007830823', 'https://openalex.org/W2008498981', 'https://openalex.org/W2008517157', 'https://openalex.org/W2009131642', 'https://openalex.org/W2009825672', 'https://openalex.org/W2009971251', 'https://openalex.org/W2011080896', 'https://openalex.org/W2011267698', 'https://openalex.org/W2011297202', 'https://openalex.org/W2011980157', 'https://openalex.org/W2013642792', 'https://openalex.org/W2016144532', 'https://openalex.org/W2016644373', 'https://openalex.org/W2016952109', 'https://openalex.org/W2017091073', 'https://openalex.org/W2017684709', 'https://openalex.org/W2018170418', 'https://openalex.org/W2019737127', 'https://openalex.org/W2022216455', 'https://openalex.org/W2023865764', 'https://openalex.org/W2024501228', 'https://openalex.org/W2024681263', 'https://openalex.org/W2025354386', 'https://openalex.org/W2025746850', 'https://openalex.org/W2026507104', 'https://openalex.org/W2027653926', 'https://openalex.org/W2027760953', 'https://openalex.org/W2028131973', 'https://openalex.org/W2029027487', 'https://openalex.org/W2030064287', 'https://openalex.org/W2030207161', 'https://openalex.org/W2030338068', 'https://openalex.org/W2030458818', 'https://openalex.org/W2032074967', 'https://openalex.org/W2032995909', 'https://openalex.org/W2033608972', 'https://openalex.org/W2033750314', 'https://openalex.org/W2034126911', 'https://openalex.org/W2035395700', 'https://openalex.org/W2036226789', 'https://openalex.org/W2036266422', 'https://openalex.org/W2037367528', 'https://openalex.org/W2037920310', 'https://openalex.org/W2039008604', 'https://openalex.org/W2039142153', 'https://openalex.org/W2039737924', 'https://openalex.org/W2040281493', 'https://openalex.org/W2040565049', 'https://openalex.org/W2041872459', 'https://openalex.org/W2042257344', 'https://openalex.org/W2042422241', 'https://openalex.org/W2043551574', 'https://openalex.org/W2043930436', 'https://openalex.org/W2044909052', 'https://openalex.org/W2045356446', 'https://openalex.org/W2045923133', 'https://openalex.org/W2045963677', 'https://openalex.org/W2046289001', 'https://openalex.org/W2048022960', 'https://openalex.org/W2050669380', 'https://openalex.org/W2050980408', 'https://openalex.org/W2053180730', 'https://openalex.org/W2054668808', 'https://openalex.org/W2055514513', 'https://openalex.org/W2056737882', 'https://openalex.org/W2057916174', 'https://openalex.org/W2058476299', 'https://openalex.org/W2058494974', 'https://openalex.org/W2059854659', 'https://openalex.org/W2061236050', 'https://openalex.org/W2061390951', 'https://openalex.org/W2062811387', 'https://openalex.org/W2063762353', 'https://openalex.org/W2066447625', 'https://openalex.org/W2066948374', 'https://openalex.org/W2068424268', 'https://openalex.org/W2070207029', 'https://openalex.org/W2071315772', 'https://openalex.org/W2071730810', 'https://openalex.org/W2072295734', 'https://openalex.org/W2072492859', 'https://openalex.org/W2073160037', 'https://openalex.org/W2074161449', 'https://openalex.org/W2074561627', 'https://openalex.org/W2074916002', 'https://openalex.org/W2075172054', 'https://openalex.org/W2076599341', 'https://openalex.org/W2077275603', 'https://openalex.org/W2077616250', 'https://openalex.org/W2080480192', 'https://openalex.org/W2082492811', 'https://openalex.org/W2082868128', 'https://openalex.org/W2083318670', 'https://openalex.org/W2083769009', 'https://openalex.org/W2083812310', 'https://openalex.org/W2085733727', 'https://openalex.org/W2086459699', 'https://openalex.org/W2087836508', 'https://openalex.org/W2088512819', 'https://openalex.org/W2090246222', 'https://openalex.org/W2090267892', 'https://openalex.org/W2090566177', 'https://openalex.org/W2090699423', 'https://openalex.org/W2091012910', 'https://openalex.org/W2092862114', 'https://openalex.org/W2093197713', 'https://openalex.org/W2094408279', 'https://openalex.org/W2095111152', 'https://openalex.org/W2095140435', 'https://openalex.org/W2100951960', 'https://openalex.org/W2102974411', 'https://openalex.org/W2103794949', 'https://openalex.org/W2105301711', 'https://openalex.org/W2109269291', 'https://openalex.org/W2113863927', 'https://openalex.org/W2114223274', 'https://openalex.org/W2115630721', 'https://openalex.org/W2115688047', 'https://openalex.org/W2123988838', 'https://openalex.org/W2125878499', 'https://openalex.org/W2127520679', 'https://openalex.org/W2128949744', 'https://openalex.org/W2129879182', 'https://openalex.org/W2130415228', 'https://openalex.org/W2130956984', 'https://openalex.org/W2131390314', 'https://openalex.org/W2136670936', 'https://openalex.org/W2141340428', 'https://openalex.org/W2142575671', 'https://openalex.org/W2143596586', 'https://openalex.org/W2146430175', 'https://openalex.org/W2149403642', 'https://openalex.org/W2151026937', 'https://openalex.org/W2151920427', 'https://openalex.org/W2152155649', 'https://openalex.org/W2153238218', 'https://openalex.org/W2157421941', 'https://openalex.org/W2159393706', 'https://openalex.org/W2159623297', 'https://openalex.org/W2160561966', 'https://openalex.org/W2162599317', 'https://openalex.org/W2166755422', 'https://openalex.org/W2167560861', 'https://openalex.org/W2201323622', 'https://openalex.org/W2223457060', 'https://openalex.org/W2265517733', 'https://openalex.org/W2310897859', 'https://openalex.org/W2329211155', 'https://openalex.org/W2329254070', 'https://openalex.org/W2337966196', 'https://openalex.org/W2473062785', 'https://openalex.org/W2564029114', 'https://openalex.org/W2609132284', 'https://openalex.org/W315995069', 'https://openalex.org/W4245453515', 'https://openalex.org/W4388319690'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4315471338', 'https://openalex.org/W3085538844', 'https://openalex.org/W3028769058', 'https://openalex.org/W2385298504', 'https://openalex.org/W2376622279', 'https://openalex.org/W2183130992', 'https://openalex.org/W2093818497', 'https://openalex.org/W2075413066', 'https://openalex.org/W2050732711', 'https://openalex.org/W2048480378'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Luminescence': [0], 'techniques': [1, 37, 127], 'for': [2, 73, 87, 102, 154, 179, 200], 'dating': [3, 56, 126, 193], 'both': [4, 67], 'heated': [5, 40], 'materials': [6], '(e.g.,': [7], 'pottery': [8], 'and': [9, 12, 69, 169, 206], 'burnt': [10], 'stone)': [11], 'sediments': [13, 75], 'have': [14, 132, 160, 186], 'gone': [15], 'through': [16], 'three': [17], 'phases': [18], 'in': [19, 128, 195, 207], 'the': [20, 43, 63, 119, 135, 139, 201, 213], 'past': [21, 140, 202], '50': [22], 'years.': [23], 'The': [24], 'first': [25], '22': [26, 141], 'years,': [27, 46, 142, 205], 'from': [28, 47], '1957': [29], 'to': [30, 34, 39, 49, 60, 100, 118, 134, 188, 212], '1979,': [31], 'were': [32, 76, 79], 'devoted': [33], 'thermoluminescence': [35], '(TL)': [36], 'applied': [38, 59], 'material.': [41], 'In': [42], 'next': [44], 'six': [45], '1979': [48], '1985,': [50], 'it': [51], 'was': [52, 95, 114, 144, 167, 182], 'found': [53], 'that': [54, 94, 159, 172], 'TL': [55, 64], 'could': [57], 'be': [58], 'sediments.': [61, 89], 'However,': [62], 'signals': [65], 'of': [66, 107, 121, 157, 176, 215], 'quartz': [68, 158], 'feldspar': [70], 'grains': [71, 181], 'observed': [72], 'modern': [74, 216], 'small,': [77], 'but': [78], 'not': [80], 'zero,': [81], 'thus': [82], 'making': [83], 'them': [84], 'useful': [85], 'only': [86], 'older': [88], 'A': [90, 151], 'new': [91], 'luminescence': [92, 124], 'signal': [93], 'totally': [96], 'zeroed': [97], 'by': [98], 'exposure': [99], 'sunlight': [101], 'a': [103, 109, 146, 161, 191], 'relatively': [104], 'short': [105], 'period': [106], 'time,': [108], 'few': [110], 'hours': [111], 'or': [112], 'less,': [113], 'found;': [115], 'this': [116], 'led': [117, 187], 'development': [120], 'optically': [122], 'stimulated': [123], '(OSL)': [125], '1985.': [129], 'Further': [130], 'developments': [131, 185], 'continued': [133], 'present': [136], 'day.': [137], 'Within': [138], '1999': [143], 'also': [145], 'year': [147], 'with': [148], 'major': [149, 192], 'developments.': [150], 'reliable': [152], 'procedure': [153], 'single': [155, 180], 'aliquots': [156], 'rapidly': [162], 'bleached': [163], '(‘fast’)': [164], 'OSL': [165, 189], 'component': [166], 'formalized': [168], 'an': [170], 'instrument': [171], 'allowed': [173], 'rapid': [174], 'measurement': [175], 'equivalent': [177], 'doses': [178], 'constructed.': [183], 'These': [184], 'becoming': [190], 'tool': [194], 'Quaternary': [196], 'geology,': [197], 'at': [198], 'least': [199], '100': [203], '000': [204], 'archaeology,': [208], 'particularly': [209], 'as': [210], 'related': [211], 'dispersal': [214], 'humans.': [217]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2165028760', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 15}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T23:07:57.511285', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}