Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2164898486', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01237-08', 'title': 'Trends in Prokaryotic Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Closely Related Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes', 'display_name': 'Trends in Prokaryotic Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Closely Related Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2164898486', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01237-08', 'mag': '2164898486', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978059', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2612427'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01237-08', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S133274750', 'display_name': 'Journal of Bacteriology', 'issn_l': '0021-9193', 'issn': ['0021-9193', '1067-8832', '1098-5530'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2612427?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007293969', 'display_name': 'Pavel S. Novichkov', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-007X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Pavel S. Novichkov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012792532', 'display_name': 'Yuri I. Wolf', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-8708'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuri I. Wolf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107834893', 'display_name': 'Inna Dubchak', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196679689', 'display_name': 'Joint Genome Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xm1d337', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I148283060', 'https://openalex.org/I196679689', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Inna Dubchak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['; and Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, California 94598', 'Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, California 94598'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '; and Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, California 94598', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I196679689']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, California 94598', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I196679689']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035240489', 'display_name': 'Eugene V. Koonin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-8299'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Eugene V. Koonin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5035240489'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.627, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 131, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999983, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '191', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '65', 'last_page': '73'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10015', 'display_name': 'Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10015', 'display_name': 'Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11764', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Genetic Dynamics', 'score': 0.9928, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10012', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity and population structure', 'score': 0.989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsynonymous-substitution', 'display_name': 'Nonsynonymous substitution', 'score': 0.9199693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-selection', 'display_name': 'Negative selection', 'score': 0.7102057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-genome-size', 'display_name': 'Bacterial genome size', 'score': 0.5327724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-size', 'display_name': 'Genome size', 'score': 0.52389705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-population-size', 'display_name': 'Effective population size', 'score': 0.47353098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-evolution', 'display_name': 'Molecular evolution', 'score': 0.47028494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/synonymous-substitution', 'display_name': 'Synonymous substitution', 'score': 0.4350064}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149904235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049620', 'display_name': 'Nonsynonymous substitution', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9199693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.91053367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8115331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C550995028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10872', 'display_name': 'Archaea', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.71957016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7386963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859', 'display_name': 'Negative selection', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7102057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174600577', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533491', 'display_name': 'Genome evolution', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.65847474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5918661}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5674161}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3742359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839988', 'display_name': 'Bacterial genome size', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5327724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61271108', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3180866', 'display_name': 'Genome size', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52389705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3641667', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295959', 'display_name': 'Effective population size', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47353098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166393388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529', 'display_name': 'Molecular evolution', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47028494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45500398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138025448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662597', 'display_name': 'Synonymous substitution', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4350064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4009915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68873052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856', 'display_name': 'Genetic variation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.21053559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87253356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106472', 'display_name': 'Codon usage bias', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.13821203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001105', 'descriptor_name': 'Archaea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019143', 'descriptor_name': 'Evolution, Molecular', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020745', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Archaeal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016680', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001105', 'descriptor_name': 'Archaea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001105', 'descriptor_name': 'Archaea', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001408', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacillus anthracis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001408', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacillus anthracis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001408', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacillus anthracis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015321', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Rearrangement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014644', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Variation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011156', 'descriptor_name': 'Population Density', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012641', 'descriptor_name': 'Selection, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016415', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Alignment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012689', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01237-08', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S133274750', 'display_name': 'Journal of Bacteriology', 'issn_l': '0021-9193', 'issn': ['0021-9193', '1067-8832', '1098-5530'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2612427', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2612427?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612427', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978059', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2612427', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2612427?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.5, 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1515594846', 'https://openalex.org/W1516878686', 'https://openalex.org/W1539845468', 'https://openalex.org/W1562382483', 'https://openalex.org/W1990453950', 'https://openalex.org/W1992159722', 'https://openalex.org/W2022488525', 'https://openalex.org/W2036847531', 'https://openalex.org/W2039789855', 'https://openalex.org/W2045240688', 'https://openalex.org/W2057443273', 'https://openalex.org/W2058588742', 'https://openalex.org/W2061082726', 'https://openalex.org/W2069511429', 'https://openalex.org/W2072550492', 'https://openalex.org/W2080229897', 'https://openalex.org/W2081219382', 'https://openalex.org/W2082991454', 'https://openalex.org/W2085543266', 'https://openalex.org/W2107424557', 'https://openalex.org/W2110335151', 'https://openalex.org/W2112250822', 'https://openalex.org/W2113350312', 'https://openalex.org/W2118020555', 'https://openalex.org/W2127596034', 'https://openalex.org/W2130956021', 'https://openalex.org/W2132496668', 'https://openalex.org/W2132926880', 'https://openalex.org/W2133090982', 'https://openalex.org/W2137475545', 'https://openalex.org/W2145100181', 'https://openalex.org/W2149525524', 'https://openalex.org/W2155606054', 'https://openalex.org/W2158714788', 'https://openalex.org/W2159830272', 'https://openalex.org/W2161762698', 'https://openalex.org/W4240852056', 'https://openalex.org/W4254811854'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4306168892', 'https://openalex.org/W2513840829', 'https://openalex.org/W2151951677', 'https://openalex.org/W2113286403', 'https://openalex.org/W2063275805', 'https://openalex.org/W2035020365', 'https://openalex.org/W2009363495', 'https://openalex.org/W1994163109', 'https://openalex.org/W1991274836', 'https://openalex.org/W1486171446'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 58, 152], 'order': [1, 169], 'to': [2, 32, 78, 85, 205, 210], 'explore': [3], 'microevolutionary': [4], 'trends': [5], 'in': [6, 107], 'bacteria': [7], 'and': [8, 91, 128, 163, 191], 'archaea,': [9], 'we': [10, 154], 'constructed': [11], 'a': [12, 41, 52, 115, 134, 181], 'data': [13], 'set': [14], 'of': [15, 27, 30, 43, 55, 97, 109, 136, 149, 179, 201, 214, 220], '41': [16], 'alignable': [17], 'tight': [18], 'genome': [19, 69, 98, 121, 150, 206], 'clusters': [20], '(ATGCs).': [21], 'We': [22], 'show': [23], 'that': [24, 37, 197], 'the': [25, 28, 44, 56, 66, 110, 113, 120, 146, 156, 159, 177, 188, 192, 202, 211, 218], 'ratio': [26], 'medians': [29], 'nonsynonymous': [31], 'synonymous': [33], 'substitution': [34], 'rates': [35], '(dN/dS)': [36], 'is': [38, 51], 'used': [39], 'as': [40, 123, 125, 217], 'measure': [42], 'purifying': [45, 81], 'selection': [46], 'pressure': [47, 104, 130], 'on': [48], 'protein': [49, 174], 'sequences': [50, 175], 'stable': [53], 'characteristic': [54], 'ATGCs.': [57, 111], 'agreement': [59], 'with': [60, 139], 'previous': [61], 'findings,': [62], 'parasitic': [63], 'bacteria,': [64], 'notwithstanding': [65], 'sometimes': [67], 'dramatic': [68], 'shrinkage': [70], 'caused': [71, 100], 'by': [72, 101], 'gene': [73, 126, 168], 'loss,': [74], 'are': [75, 208], 'typically': [76], 'subjected': [77, 209], 'relatively': [79, 86], 'weak': [80], 'selection,': [82], 'presumably': [83], 'owing': [84], 'small': [87], 'effective': [88], 'population': [89], 'sizes': [90], 'frequent': [92], 'bottlenecks.': [93], 'However,': [94], 'no': [95], 'evidence': [96], 'streamlining': [99], 'strong': [102, 182], 'selective': [103, 129, 142, 215], 'was': [105, 131, 185], 'found': [106], 'any': [108], 'On': [112], 'contrary,': [114], 'significant': [116], 'positive': [117, 183], 'correlation': [118, 184], 'between': [119, 158, 187], 'size,': [122, 127], 'well': [124], 'observed,': [132], 'although': [133], 'variety': [135], 'free-living': [137], 'prokaryotes': [138], 'very': [140], 'close': [141], 'pressures': [143], 'span': [144], 'nearly': [145], 'entire': [147], 'range': [148], 'sizes.': [151], 'addition,': [153], 'examined': [155], 'connections': [157], 'sequence': [160], 'evolution': [161, 178, 219], 'rate': [162], 'other': [164], 'genomic': [165], 'features.': [166], 'Although': [167], 'changes': [170], 'much': [171], 'faster': [172], 'than': [173], 'during': [176], 'prokaryotes,': [180], 'observed': [186], '"rearrangement': [189], 'distance"': [190], 'amino': [193, 221], 'acid': [194, 222], 'distance,': [195], 'suggesting': [196], 'at': [198], 'least': [199], 'some': [200], 'events': [203], 'leading': [204], 'rearrangement': [207], 'same': [212], 'type': [213], 'constraints': [216], 'sequences.': [223]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164898486', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T04:01:55.759897', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}