Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2163817513', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/429902', 'title': 'A Northern Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates', 'display_name': 'A Northern Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-06-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2163817513', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/429902', 'mag': '2163817513'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/429902', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/429902/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/429902/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018169730', 'display_name': 'D. Sowards-Emmerd', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'display_name': 'Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vzbm991', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'display_name': 'SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gzmn429', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Sowards‐Emmerd', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041320985', 'display_name': 'Roger W. Romani', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-3286'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roger W. Romani', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034880794', 'display_name': 'P. F. Michelson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-5620'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'display_name': 'Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vzbm991', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'display_name': 'SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gzmn429', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter F. Michelson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5106418633', 'display_name': 'Stephen E. Healey', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'display_name': 'Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vzbm991', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'display_name': 'SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gzmn429', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephen E. Healey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Also at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94039-4349', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120900', 'https://openalex.org/I2801935854']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024850546', 'display_name': 'P. L. Nolan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick L. Nolan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4499, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4499, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.91, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 90, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999901, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '626', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '95', 'last_page': '103'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10818', 'display_name': 'High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10818', 'display_name': 'High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12450', 'display_name': 'Radio Astronomy Techniques and Instruments', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11090', 'display_name': 'Particle Dark Matter and Detection Methods', 'score': 0.988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-astronomy', 'display_name': 'Gamma-Ray Astronomy', 'score': 0.505733}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100752510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221221', 'display_name': 'Blazar', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9783801}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778706570', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3060012', 'display_name': 'Egret', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.94094545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.80280083}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.77943647}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135041427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373', 'display_name': 'Quasar', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6471467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73329638', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527', 'display_name': 'Sky', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62746584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33024259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250', 'display_name': 'Redshift', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55793893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7910260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523', 'display_name': 'Gamma ray', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4414501}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779919027', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832', 'display_name': 'Observatory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42866594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37424538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.28648537}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/429902', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/429902/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1442633', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/getdoc/slac-pub-11078.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0503115', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0503115', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0503115', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/429902', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/429902/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2163817513', 'https://openalex.org/W3100098333'], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1966667130', 'https://openalex.org/W1995863683', 'https://openalex.org/W2024977675', 'https://openalex.org/W2025920898', 'https://openalex.org/W2038801723', 'https://openalex.org/W2044661517', 'https://openalex.org/W2088604799', 'https://openalex.org/W2120658305', 'https://openalex.org/W2127101430', 'https://openalex.org/W2136235235', 'https://openalex.org/W2146321325', 'https://openalex.org/W2162492486', 'https://openalex.org/W2168801962', 'https://openalex.org/W2176218981', 'https://openalex.org/W2989350938', 'https://openalex.org/W3105665008', 'https://openalex.org/W4213457872'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W62169353', 'https://openalex.org/W4206657680', 'https://openalex.org/W3100935194', 'https://openalex.org/W2596134942', 'https://openalex.org/W2467635905', 'https://openalex.org/W2163817513', 'https://openalex.org/W2077012916', 'https://openalex.org/W2063908823', 'https://openalex.org/W1777371448', 'https://openalex.org/W131119360'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'preparation': [1], 'for': [2, 117], 'GLAST,': [3], 'we': [4, 108], 'have': [5, 39, 65], 'compiled': [6], 'a': [7, 136, 140, 146], 'sample': [8], 'of': [9, 16, 33, 52, 62, 105, 113, 135, 148, 151, 154, 175], 'blazar': [10, 82, 155, 177], 'candidates': [11, 54, 156, 178], 'to': [12, 46, 130, 185], 'increase': [13], 'the': [14, 47, 102, 110, 114, 149, 152, 158, 162, 173], 'pool': [15], 'well': [17], 'studied': [18], 'AGN': [19], 'from': [20], 'which': [21], 'GLAST': [22, 183], 'counterparts': [23], 'will': [24, 179], 'be': [25, 180], 'drawn.': [26], 'Sources': [27], 'were': [28], 'selected': [29], 'with': [30, 90], 'our': [31, 97], 'Figure': [32], 'Merit': [34], '(FoM)': [35], 'ranking;': [36], 'thus,': [37], 'they': [38], 'radio': [40, 71, 123], 'and': [41, 58, 73, 191], 'X-ray': [42], 'properties': [43], 'very': [44], 'similar': [45], 'EGRET': [48, 115, 133, 159], 'blazars.': [49], 'Spectroscopic': [50], 'confirmation': [51], 'these': [53, 63, 106, 176], 'is': [55], 'in': [56, 96, 157], 'progress,': [57], 'more': [59], 'than': [60], '70%': [61], 'objects': [64], 'been': [66], 'identified': [67], 'as': [68], 'flat': [69], 'spectrum': [70], 'quasars': [72], 'BL': [74], 'Lac': [75], 'objects.': [76], 'We': [77, 125, 144, 170], 'present': [78], '~250': [79], 'new': [80], 'optical': [81], 'identifications': [83], 'based': [84], 'on': [85], 'McDonald': [86], 'Observatory': [87], 'spectroscopy,': [88], '224': [89], 'redshifts.': [91], 'Of': [92], 'these,': [93], '167': [94], 'are': [95], 'FoM-selected': [98], 'set.': [99], 'To': [100], 'motivate': [101], 'Gamma-ray': [103], 'nature': [104], 'objects,': [107], 'analyzed': [109], 'current': [111], 'release': [112], 'data': [116, 160], 'possible': [118], 'point': [119], 'sources': [120], 'at': [121, 161], 'their': [122], 'positions.': [124], 'develop': [126], 'two': [127], 'distinct': [128], 'methods': [129], 'combine': [131], 'multiple': [132], 'observations': [134], 'sky': [137], 'position': [138], 'into': [139], 'single': [141], 'detection': [142, 147], 'significance.': [143], 'report': [145], 'signal': [150], 'set': [153], '>': [163], '3': [164], 'sigma': [165], 'level': [166], 'by': [167, 182], 'both': [168], 'techniques.': [169], 'predict': [171], 'that': [172], 'majority': [174], 'found': [181], 'due': [184], 'its': [186], 'increased': [187], 'sensitivity,': [188], 'duty': [189], 'cycle': [190], 'resolving': [192], 'power.': [193]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163817513', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-21T11:44:57.262743', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}