Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2163161875', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/rg019i004p00541', 'title': 'Convection in GATE', 'display_name': 'Convection in GATE', 'publication_year': 1981, 'publication_date': '1981-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2163161875', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/rg019i004p00541', 'mag': '2163161875'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/rg019i004p00541', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S129102366', 'display_name': 'Reviews of Geophysics', 'issn_l': '1944-9208', 'issn': ['1944-9208', '8755-1209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023598884', 'display_name': 'Robert A. Houze', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-5242'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert A. Houze', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058614731', 'display_name': 'Alan K. Betts', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-5333'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alan K. Betts', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.426, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 391, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.990159, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '541', 'last_page': '576'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11483', 'display_name': 'Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11483', 'display_name': 'Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10466', 'display_name': 'Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intertropical-convergence-zone', 'display_name': 'Intertropical Convergence Zone', 'score': 0.75279903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoscale-convective-system', 'display_name': 'Mesoscale convective system', 'score': 0.65121925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/squall-line', 'display_name': 'Squall line', 'score': 0.6070136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-inhibition', 'display_name': 'Convective inhibition', 'score': 0.49088222}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/free-convective-layer', 'display_name': 'Free convective layer', 'score': 0.429682}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40382383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824', 'display_name': 'Mesoscale meteorology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88374144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127889277', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753858', 'display_name': 'Intertropical Convergence Zone', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75279903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10899652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329', 'display_name': 'Convection', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6682989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153981231', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660968', 'display_name': 'Mesoscale convective system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.65121925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36699445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841225', 'display_name': 'Squall line', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6070136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5785956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55510283', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947', 'display_name': 'Depth sounding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55602294}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107054158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257', 'display_name': 'Precipitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5547635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49204034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139', 'display_name': 'Climatology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5393642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182243455', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129351', 'display_name': 'Convective inhibition', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.49088222}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91586092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric sciences', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43960732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194171494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500209', 'display_name': 'Free convective layer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.429682}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42673075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33556303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08112332}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189234753', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007315', 'display_name': 'Combined forced and natural convection', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.058982223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54791560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285020', 'display_name': 'Natural convection', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/rg019i004p00541', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S129102366', 'display_name': 'Reviews of Geophysics', 'issn_l': '1944-9208', 'issn': ['1944-9208', '8755-1209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life below water', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'score': 0.84}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 149, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1500516658', 'https://openalex.org/W1533268675', 'https://openalex.org/W1963921005', 'https://openalex.org/W1965743792', 'https://openalex.org/W1965818033', 'https://openalex.org/W1966126533', 'https://openalex.org/W1966437203', 'https://openalex.org/W1967482354', 'https://openalex.org/W1968041574', 'https://openalex.org/W1969603062', 'https://openalex.org/W1972014677', 'https://openalex.org/W1972023867', 'https://openalex.org/W1972334071', 'https://openalex.org/W1973218717', 'https://openalex.org/W1973840998', 'https://openalex.org/W1977569626', 'https://openalex.org/W1977646813', 'https://openalex.org/W1978617445', 'https://openalex.org/W1979517126', 'https://openalex.org/W1979956472', 'https://openalex.org/W1982558624', 'https://openalex.org/W1982654330', 'https://openalex.org/W1985276688', 'https://openalex.org/W1985543277', 'https://openalex.org/W1987505060', 'https://openalex.org/W1988344474', 'https://openalex.org/W1989225572', 'https://openalex.org/W1992760637', 'https://openalex.org/W1992955350', 'https://openalex.org/W1993815414', 'https://openalex.org/W1993958735', 'https://openalex.org/W1994366988', 'https://openalex.org/W1995161054', 'https://openalex.org/W1995458671', 'https://openalex.org/W1995577520', 'https://openalex.org/W1995675367', 'https://openalex.org/W1995766440', 'https://openalex.org/W1996418370', 'https://openalex.org/W1996720365', 'https://openalex.org/W1999993094', 'https://openalex.org/W2002122816', 'https://openalex.org/W2002991628', 'https://openalex.org/W2003816149', 'https://openalex.org/W2004503856', 'https://openalex.org/W2006809406', 'https://openalex.org/W2007375721', 'https://openalex.org/W2008590992', 'https://openalex.org/W2012490680', 'https://openalex.org/W2012830139', 'https://openalex.org/W2013478098', 'https://openalex.org/W2014428351', 'https://openalex.org/W2016400693', 'https://openalex.org/W2016745544', 'https://openalex.org/W2019254077', 'https://openalex.org/W2020509730', 'https://openalex.org/W2021761729', 'https://openalex.org/W2025417198', 'https://openalex.org/W2031298302', 'https://openalex.org/W2031605693', 'https://openalex.org/W2034542672', 'https://openalex.org/W2035399094', 'https://openalex.org/W2036464673', 'https://openalex.org/W2036624535', 'https://openalex.org/W2040538413', 'https://openalex.org/W2041263943', 'https://openalex.org/W2041964221', 'https://openalex.org/W2042507029', 'https://openalex.org/W2043358530', 'https://openalex.org/W2047246194', 'https://openalex.org/W2047302195', 'https://openalex.org/W2047674012', 'https://openalex.org/W2047808093', 'https://openalex.org/W2049786894', 'https://openalex.org/W2050066658', 'https://openalex.org/W2051477613', 'https://openalex.org/W2054012124', 'https://openalex.org/W2054407726', 'https://openalex.org/W2054980930', 'https://openalex.org/W2055018779', 'https://openalex.org/W2056129218', 'https://openalex.org/W2057226704', 'https://openalex.org/W2059178388', 'https://openalex.org/W2059343949', 'https://openalex.org/W2059411660', 'https://openalex.org/W2059725193', 'https://openalex.org/W2063374722', 'https://openalex.org/W2063680893', 'https://openalex.org/W2068423997', 'https://openalex.org/W2069191886', 'https://openalex.org/W2072541887', 'https://openalex.org/W2072584682', 'https://openalex.org/W2074507622', 'https://openalex.org/W2074773015', 'https://openalex.org/W2074886494', 'https://openalex.org/W2080172979', 'https://openalex.org/W2081263836', 'https://openalex.org/W2082985948', 'https://openalex.org/W2083708792', 'https://openalex.org/W2088333199', 'https://openalex.org/W2090641051', 'https://openalex.org/W2091581982', 'https://openalex.org/W2092858644', 'https://openalex.org/W2093189453', 'https://openalex.org/W2094755780', 'https://openalex.org/W2097073836', 'https://openalex.org/W2102414450', 'https://openalex.org/W2114052048', 'https://openalex.org/W2115686493', 'https://openalex.org/W2119959858', 'https://openalex.org/W2147763048', 'https://openalex.org/W2159358072', 'https://openalex.org/W2167534918', 'https://openalex.org/W2169812124', 'https://openalex.org/W2172317930', 'https://openalex.org/W2172389336', 'https://openalex.org/W2173631438', 'https://openalex.org/W2174055509', 'https://openalex.org/W2174227820', 'https://openalex.org/W2174243263', 'https://openalex.org/W2174499366', 'https://openalex.org/W2175576296', 'https://openalex.org/W2175669261', 'https://openalex.org/W2175682091', 'https://openalex.org/W2175980243', 'https://openalex.org/W2177296140', 'https://openalex.org/W2177395211', 'https://openalex.org/W2178459959', 'https://openalex.org/W2178646595', 'https://openalex.org/W2178665332', 'https://openalex.org/W2179002489', 'https://openalex.org/W2179241811', 'https://openalex.org/W2179749162', 'https://openalex.org/W2180557755', 'https://openalex.org/W2181036936', 'https://openalex.org/W2181102723', 'https://openalex.org/W2198360252', 'https://openalex.org/W2229929344', 'https://openalex.org/W2279239392', 'https://openalex.org/W259763366', 'https://openalex.org/W2603084128', 'https://openalex.org/W2606366488', 'https://openalex.org/W2740920403', 'https://openalex.org/W2800957545', 'https://openalex.org/W2802721543', 'https://openalex.org/W3011716420', 'https://openalex.org/W3096719566', 'https://openalex.org/W4245210550', 'https://openalex.org/W4250509086', 'https://openalex.org/W607967387'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3080534579', 'https://openalex.org/W2994251921', 'https://openalex.org/W2741586831', 'https://openalex.org/W2280234860', 'https://openalex.org/W224261390', 'https://openalex.org/W2176930586', 'https://openalex.org/W2017859586', 'https://openalex.org/W2002512237', 'https://openalex.org/W1988111576', 'https://openalex.org/W1969677378'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 75, 91, 119, 163, 210, 304], 'difficult': [1], 'problem': [2], 'of': [3, 10, 31, 45, 72, 83, 107, 150, 188, 200, 256, 262, 279, 284, 291, 306, 314, 321, 326, 358, 361, 364], 'parameterizing': [4], 'tropical': [5, 32, 315, 365], 'convection': [6, 33, 98, 301, 316, 366], 'in': [7, 37, 64, 99, 104, 142, 185, 276, 317, 367], 'large‐scale': [8, 318, 368], 'models': [9, 320], 'the': [11, 15, 38, 61, 65, 96, 100, 139, 215, 220, 228, 237, 242, 251, 257, 263, 272, 277, 312, 322], 'atmosphere': [12, 323], 'led': [13], 'to': [14, 27, 159, 204, 310, 380], 'Global': [16], 'Atmospheric': [17], 'Research': [18], 'Program’s': [19], 'Atlantic': [20, 62], 'Tropical': [21], 'Experiment': [22], '(GATE),': [23], 'whose': [24], 'goal': [25], 'was': [26, 78, 102, 145], 'improve': [28], 'basic': [29], 'understanding': [30], 'and': [34, 54, 86, 114, 231, 254, 259, 269, 337, 345, 351, 370], 'its': [35, 205], 'role': [36], 'global': [39], 'atmospheric': [40], 'circulation.': [41], 'A': [42], 'dense': [43], 'network': [44, 77], 'instrumented': [46], 'ships': [47], 'equipped': [48], 'with': [49, 219, 281, 342, 356], 'upper': [50], 'air': [51, 283, 293], 'sounding': [52], 'equipment': [53], 'quantitative': [55], 'weather': [56], 'radars': [57], 'were': [58, 121, 166, 182, 223, 248], 'located': [59], 'over': [60], 'Ocean,': [63], 'intertropical': [66], 'convergence': [67, 353], 'zone': [68], '(ITCZ),': [69], 'just': [70], 'west': [71], 'equatorial': [73], 'Africa.': [74], 'ship': [76], 'supplemented': [79], 'by': [80, 123], 'a': [81, 87, 146, 170, 198, 224, 295, 324], 'fleet': [82], 'research': [84], 'aircraft': [85], 'geosynchronous': [88], 'meteorological': [89], 'satellite.': [90], 'data': [92], 'obtained': [93], 'show': [94, 308], 'that': [95, 132, 309], 'deep': [97, 140, 207], 'ITCZ': [101], 'concentrated': [103], 'two': [105], 'types': [106], '‘cloud': [108], 'clusters,’': [109], 'rapidly': [110], 'moving': [111, 116], 'squall': [112], 'clusters,': [113], 'slowly': [115], 'nonsquall': [117], 'clusters.': [118], 'clusters': [120], 'characterized': [122], 'large': [124, 164], 'mid‐to‐upper': [125], 'level': [126], 'cloud': [127, 230, 239], 'shields,': [128], 'or': [129, 174], '‘anvil': [130], 'clouds,’': [131], 'emanated': [133], 'from': [134, 155, 214, 250], 'penetrative': [135], 'cumulonimbus': [136, 141, 157, 165, 260, 280], 'convection.': [137], 'Accompanying': [138], 'each': [143], 'cluster': [144, 171], 'log': [147], 'normal': [148], 'spectrum': [149], 'smaller': [151], 'convective': [152, 208, 267], 'features': [153, 178, 363], 'ranging': [154], 'moderate': [156], 'down': [158], 'tiny': [160], 'nonprecipitating': [161], 'cumulus.': [162], 'typically': [167], 'grouped': [168], 'within': [169, 236], 'into': [172], 'one': [173], 'more': [175], 'mesoscale': [176, 186, 225, 234, 243, 246, 343, 352], 'precipitation': [177, 202, 212, 222], '(or': [179], 'MPF’s),': [180], 'which': [181], 'apparently': [183], 'triggered': [184], 'regions': [187], 'intensified': [189], 'low‐level': [190], 'convergence.': [191], 'As': [192], 'an': [193, 232], 'MPF': [194], 'matured': [195], 'it': [196], 'developed': [197], 'region': [199], 'stratiform': [201, 211, 221], 'adjacent': [203], 'active': [206], 'cells.': [209], 'fell': [213], 'anvil': [216, 229, 238, 340], 'cloud.': [217], 'Associated': [218], 'downdraft': [226, 292], 'below': [227], 'apparent': [233], 'updraft': [235], 'itself,': [240], 'above': [241], 'downdraft.': [244], 'These': [245, 289], 'drafts': [247], 'distinct': [249], 'convective‐scale': [252, 335], 'updrafts': [253, 336, 344], 'downdrafts': [255, 338], 'cumulus': [258], 'cells': [261], 'cluster.': [264], 'Downdrafts,': [265], 'both': [266], 'scale': [268], 'mesoscale,': [270], 'filled': [271], 'planetary': [273], 'boundary': [274, 348], 'layer': [275, 349], 'vicinity': [278], 'stable': [282], 'low': [285], 'moist': [286], 'static': [287], 'energy.': [288], 'wakes': [290], 'exerted': [294], 'strong': [296], 'control': [297], 'on': [298], 'where': [299], 'future': [300], 'broke': [302], 'out.': [303], 'results': [305], 'GATE': [307], 'simulate': [311], 'effects': [313], 'numerical': [319], 'variety': [325], 'phenomena': [327], 'must': [328], 'be': [329, 381], 'accounted': [330], 'for,': [331], 'including': [332, 359], 'not': [333], 'only': [334], 'but': [339, 376], 'clouds': [341], 'downdrafts,': [346], 'downdraft‐induced': [347], 'transformations,': [350], 'patterns.': [354], 'Experimentation': [355], 'ways': [357], 'some': [360], 'these': [362], 'diagnostic': [369], 'prognostic': [371], 'studies': [372], 'is': [373], 'under': [374], 'way,': [375], 'much': [377], 'work': [378], 'remains': [379], 'done.': [382]}, 'abstract_inverted_index_v3': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163161875', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-19T11:34:46.748360', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}