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1491, 1506, 1554, 1652, 1707, 1715, 1754, 1773, 1806, 1816, 1858, 1899, 1909, 1914, 1920, 1967, 2035, 2070, 2104, 2186, 2208, 2217, 2305, 2430, 2437, 3452, 3581, 4042, 4151], 'Favourites': [87], 'ShareShare': [88], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [89], 'InRedditEmail': [90], 'Functional': [91, 1952, 2067, 2387, 2559, 2716, 3032, 3047, 3088, 3111, 3139, 3171, 3264, 3382, 3995], 'fracture': [92, 334, 386, 453, 529, 744, 981, 1024, 1047, 1112, 1397, 1415, 1437, 1473, 1604, 1636, 2388, 2517, 2560, 2641, 2651, 2717, 2736, 2790, 2943, 2989, 3033, 3089, 3427, 3441, 3479, 3683, 3950, 4041, 4114], 'bracing,': [93, 1367, 1945], 'described': [94], 'in': [95, 161, 234, 276, 362, 415, 533, 541, 599, 632, 645, 693, 730, 771, 788, 1080, 1184, 1193, 1233, 1278, 1393, 1459, 1621, 1647, 1691, 1736, 1748, 1808, 1822, 1835, 1866, 1887, 2001, 2014, 2056, 2072, 2173, 2614, 2619, 2642, 2654, 2675, 2711, 2894, 2921, 2942, 3074, 3247, 3274, 3293, 3365, 3384, 3426, 3554, 3588, 3731, 3751, 3815, 3920, 3947, 3971, 4060, 4159, 4172, 4291, 4335], '1967,1': [96], 'was': [97, 171, 194, 203, 207, 248, 282, 333, 411, 538, 562, 737, 746, 777, 818, 844, 854, 877, 888, 911, 916, 947, 965, 970, 982, 1076, 1227, 1245, 1254, 1306, 1399, 1695, 1779, 1803, 2184, 2309, 2529], 'inspired': [98], 'the': [100, 115, 121, 127, 131, 134, 140, 166, 184, 188, 199, 237, 251, 254, 268, 272, 277, 286, 290, 295, 299, 306, 309, 316, 336, 363, 371, 388, 393, 399, 407, 416, 420, 431, 435, 469, 512, 519, 525, 528, 534, 542, 555, 565, 586, 597, 613, 617, 625, 630, 663, 676, 694, 701, 714, 749, 752, 772, 781, 792, 795, 797, 811, 816, 839, 857, 872, 880, 923, 928, 937, 942, 955, 961, 977, 980, 1001, 1020, 1038, 1043, 1046, 1051, 1068, 1077, 1087, 1089, 1096, 1135, 1148, 1157, 1164, 1168, 1176, 1185, 1194, 1197, 1209, 1215, 1230, 1238, 1241, 1248, 1252, 1311, 1320, 1324, 1328, 1343, 1361, 1378, 1389, 1394, 1400, 1403, 1406, 1411, 1432, 1447, 1460, 1479, 1493, 1502, 1507, 1513, 1522, 1543, 1549, 1559, 1568, 1577, 1593, 1595, 1600, 1605, 1608, 1617, 1632, 1638, 1648, 1665, 1681, 1685, 1725, 1740, 1745, 1749, 1817, 1823, 1910, 1932, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1997, 2040, 2043, 2057, 2081, 2085, 2089, 2105, 2114, 2131, 2134, 2139, 2143, 2167, 2199, 2204, 2225, 2246, 2253, 2276, 2283, 2295, 2306, 2343, 2356, 2390, 2406, 2416, 2419, 2425, 2431, 2438, 2443, 2446, 2467, 2477, 2519, 2562, 2579, 2589, 2592, 2598, 2601, 2604, 2612, 2620, 2625, 2631, 2646, 2655, 2660, 2663, 2670, 2732, 2735, 2752, 2802, 2807, 2821, 2824, 2831, 2834, 2922, 3035, 3116, 3119, 3146, 3150, 3362, 3385, 3393, 3453, 3482, 3505, 3555, 3604, 3710, 3782, 3786, 3810, 3816, 3836, 3859, 3921, 4000, 4061, 4141, 4160, 4234, 4269, 4273], 'patellar-tendon-bearing': [101, 156], 'prosthesis': [102, 112, 368], 'which': [103, 242, 551, 573, 595, 668, 696, 764, 776, 815, 932, 994, 1107, 1143, 1160, 1314, 1408, 1442, 1483, 1564, 1573, 1619, 1629, 1667, 1841, 1853, 1872, 1891, 1934, 2032, 2075, 2211, 2280, 2409, 2434, 2453, 2459, 2465, 2528, 2582, 2819], 'had': [104, 113, 348, 358, 765, 933, 952, 1720, 1892], 'recently': [105], 'been': [106, 349, 360, 767, 1614], 'developed': [107, 467], 'below-knee': [109, 150, 168, 1271, 2176, 2866, 2884], 'amputees.': [110], 'This': [111, 843, 925, 1203, 1334, 1359, 1454], 'eliminated': [114, 954], 'traditional': [116, 175], 'thigh': [117, 132], 'corset': [118], 'allowed': [120, 180, 698], 'transfer': [122, 394], 'weight-bearing': [124, 151, 262, 367, 396, 1115, 1201, 1737, 2215, 2464], 'stresses': [125, 397], 'from': [126, 1548, 1558, 2088, 2214, 2261, 2314, 2382, 2495, 2554, 2687, 2751, 2765, 2801, 2815, 2846, 3065, 4040], 'soft': [128, 287, 1137, 1158, 1390, 1433, 1551, 1978, 2432, 2753, 2804, 2919], 'tissues': [129, 288, 1138, 1159, 1434, 1552, 1979, 2433, 2449, 2479, 2805], 'patellar': [135, 255, 269], 'tendon': [136, 256, 270], 'condyles': [138, 259, 274], 'proximal': [141, 417, 1750, 4001, 4019], 'tibia.': [142, 3394, 4002], 'Anticipating': [143], 'that': [144, 196, 253, 266, 285, 340, 375, 497, 734, 808, 856, 874, 914, 949, 967, 973, 1006, 1017, 1040, 1079, 1205, 1229, 1247, 1402, 1422, 1469, 1495, 1542, 1592, 1616, 1684, 1697, 1732, 1759, 1784, 2100, 2413, 2473, 2629, 2669], 'a': [146, 149, 155, 212, 227, 376, 382, 385, 501, 600, 637, 683, 802, 848, 891, 1023, 1111, 1140, 1179, 1269, 1274, 1381, 1414, 1436, 1439, 1471, 1555, 1603, 1635, 1644, 1721, 1755, 1801, 1860, 1900, 1907, 1925, 2073, 2101, 2174, 2218, 2230, 2451, 2482, 2515, 2525, 2532, 2639, 2643, 2673, 2706, 2789, 2889, 3091, 3269, 3424, 3948, 3976, 4121, 4127], 'similar': [147], 'mechanism,': [148], 'cast,': [152], 'moulded': [153], 'like': [154], 'pros-thesis,': [157], 'would': [158, 391], 'prevent': [159, 404, 620, 1256], 'shortening': [160, 235, 302, 405, 674, 1091, 1146, 1199, 1213, 1231, 1896, 1938, 2244, 2299, 2353, 2411, 2441], 'axially': [162, 1189, 1837, 1888], 'unstable': [163, 686, 1190, 1838, 1889, 1929, 3973], 'tibial': [164, 258, 273, 723, 1265, 1370, 1839, 2022, 2869, 2887, 2925, 3050, 3662, 3687, 3714, 3759, 3779, 3837, 3889, 3915], 'fractures,': [165, 1061, 1371, 1660, 2774], 'first': [167, 332, 766], 'cast': [170, 179, 249, 2867], 'constructed.1': [172], 'Contrary': [173], 'practice,': [176], 'new': [178, 2094, 4265], 'full': [181, 2370, 2539], 'movement': [182, 523, 975, 1018, 1041, 1106, 1417, 2587, 2658, 2740, 2745, 2793], 'knee': [185, 2030, 3817, 3974], 'but': [186, 832, 904, 2351, 2469], 'immobilised': [187, 2632], 'ankle.': [189], 'However,': [190, 409, 511, 672, 871, 2017, 2080], 'shortly': [191], 'afterwards': [192], 'it': [193, 805, 946, 964, 1226, 1244, 1694, 2051], 'realised': [195, 948, 1246], 'inclusion': [197], 'ankle': [200, 206, 3783, 3860], 'foot': [202], 'unnecessary.': [204], 'therefore': [208, 1353, 1589], 'freed': [209], 'within': [211, 244, 1859], 'short': [213], 'time': [214, 2417], 'pre-fabricated': [215, 549], 'plastic': [216], 'braces': [217, 465, 550, 1325, 1704], 'became': [218, 806], 'an': [219, 531, 762, 1188, 1688, 1843, 1850, 2054, 3364, 3972], 'accepted': [220], 'form': [221, 1574, 1620, 2820], 'treatment.2': [223], 'Initial': [224], 'reports': [225], 'indicated': [226, 1731, 1783], 'low': [228], 'rate': [229, 483, 535, 559], 'non-union,': [231], 'no': [232, 2470, 2667, 2748], 'increase': [233, 532, 1094, 2613], 'limb': [238, 677, 1329, 2444, 2468], 'angular': [240, 1257, 1332, 1354, 1710, 1734, 1851, 3354, 3760], 'deformities': [241, 1355, 1719, 1735, 3332, 3357, 3780], 'were': [243, 260, 323, 466, 489, 507, 648, 708, 820, 862, 869, 899, 1713, 2191, 2206], 'acceptable': [245, 728, 1844, 2352], 'levels.1,2However,': [246], 'doubt': [247], 'on': [250, 713, 814, 1214, 1724, 1744, 2229, 2891, 3450, 3636, 3659, 3685, 3781, 3812, 3917], 'idea': [252, 763], 'major': [261], 'areas.Laboratory': [263], 'studies': [264, 1712, 1772], 'revealed': [265], 'neither': [267], 'nor': [271], 'participated': [275], 'avoidance': [278], 'shortening.': [280, 1912], 'It': [281, 853, 910, 1004, 1587], 'then': [283, 912], 'suspected': [284], 'surrounding': [289, 1136, 1435, 1550, 2142, 2803], 'fracture,': [291, 1191], 'firmly': [292], 'compressed': [293], 'supporting': [296], 'walls': [297, 2822], 'brace,': [300, 379, 695], 'prevented': [301], 'angulation': [304, 1277, 1287, 1294, 1302, 2290, 3916], 'principle': [307], 'incompressibility': [310], 'fluids.3–8Encouraged': [312], 'initial': [314, 1090, 1198, 1216, 1312, 1639, 1911, 2243, 2349, 2420], 'successes,': [315], 'philosophy': [317, 986], 'technique': [319, 817, 1053], 'extended': [324], 'other': [326, 456, 1055], 'fractures': [327, 347, 440, 474, 499, 547, 572, 658, 687, 725, 756, 825, 1010, 1082, 1207, 1236, 1266, 1317, 1623, 1701, 1764, 1770, 1826, 1840, 1871, 1890, 1930, 1956, 1991, 2023, 2046, 2061, 2063, 2108, 2146, 2165, 2274, 2341, 2358, 3114, 3144, 3196, 3221, 3715, 3834, 3998, 4158, 4271], 'long': [329, 1012, 1525, 1828, 1993, 3608], 'bones.': [330, 1526, 1829, 2066], 'femoral': [337, 346, 389, 439, 3052, 4112], 'shaft.': [338], 'At': [339], 'time,': [341], 'open': [342, 1955], 'intramedullary': [343, 1034, 2006, 2018, 4016], 'nailing': [344, 357, 447, 1035, 2007, 2019, 4017], 'limited': [350, 669, 3506], 'diaphyseal': [352, 472, 724, 1235, 1264, 1472, 1700, 1769, 1988, 2021, 3686, 4038, 4270], 'injuries': [353], 'since': [354], 'closed': [355, 1081, 1234, 1263, 2164, 3018, 3488, 3713], 'interlocking': [356, 432], 'not': [359, 412, 449, 553, 581, 679, 829, 953, 1093, 1220, 1349, 1457, 1789, 1940], 'introduced': [361], 'USA.': [364], 'ischial': [366, 400], 'worn': [369], 'above-knee': [372], 'amputee': [373], 'suggested': [374, 913, 1468], 'similarly': [377], 'constructed': [378], 'applied': [380], 'patient': [383, 2226], 'with': [384, 459, 500, 583, 593, 650, 826, 920, 1050, 1118, 1211, 1286, 1293, 1768, 1798, 2028, 2259, 2312, 2348, 2359, 2373, 2445, 2486, 2545, 2628, 2678, 2756, 2792, 2837, 3223, 3583, 3585, 3717, 3975, 4116, 4236], 'shaft,': [390], 'allow': [392, 608], 'tuberosity': [401], 'thereby': [403], 'bone.': [408, 2605], 'success': [410, 881, 1031], 'consistent.': [413], 'Fractures': [414], 'half': [418], 'femur': [421], 'tended': [422], 'angulate': [424], 'into': [425, 2731], 'varus.': [426], 'subsequent': [428], 'introduction': [429, 514, 1097], 'nail': [433, 4267], 'treatment': [436, 470, 543, 1698, 1926, 1998, 2122, 2321, 2502, 2694, 2772, 2853, 3020, 3287, 3386, 4062, 4109, 4230], 'metaphyseal': [438, 1990, 2060], 'relegated': [441], 'unusual': [444], 'situations': [445], 'when': [446, 1200, 1470, 2584, 2737], 'could': [448], 'be': [450, 478, 591, 682, 1221, 1337, 1357, 1590, 1766, 1814, 1855, 1874, 1941, 2026, 2124, 2149], 'used.9–11Extension': [451], 'bones': [457, 661, 1013, 1738, 1994, 3360], 'met': [458], 'varying': [460], 'degrees': [461, 1862], 'success.': [463], 'Pre-fabricated': [464], 'humeral': [473, 2521, 3174, 4157, 4253], 'proved': [476], 'highly': [479], 'successful.': [480], 'A': [481, 883, 1259, 2864, 2882, 3474, 3535, 3574, 4066, 4082, 4204, 4256], 'high': [482, 563], 'union': [485, 561, 2257, 3389], 'few': [487, 1861], 'complications': [488], 'documented.12–14': [490], 'indications': [492, 2115], 'widened': [495], 'so': [496, 733, 1319], 'compound': [498], 'moderate': [502], 'degree': [503, 1104, 1449, 1609, 1845], 'soft-tissue': [505, 1969], 'damage': [506, 1966, 2304, 2429], 'also': [508, 539, 607, 697, 726, 1467, 1613, 2148], 'braced': [509, 592, 1222], 'successfully.': [510], 'premature': [513], 'active': [516, 3631], 'elevation': [517], 'arm': [520], 'created': [521, 917], 'excessive': [522], 'at': [524, 976, 1019, 1042, 1110, 1410, 1599, 1631, 2415, 2588, 2659, 2794, 2830], 'site': [526, 978, 1021, 1044, 1412, 1601, 1633, 1982, 2590, 2661, 2733, 2796, 2832], 'nonunion.10,11Success': [537], 'achieved': [540, 652, 1032], 'isolated': [545], 'ulnar': [546, 3195, 3219], 'using': [548, 760, 3504, 4120], 'did': [552, 678, 828, 1092, 1788], 'immobilise': [554], 'adjacent': [556, 1726], 'joints.': [557, 1727], 'final': [566, 1275, 1300], 'results': [568, 643, 729, 1192], 'very': [569], 'acceptable.15,16': [570], 'Colles’': [571, 3243, 3267], 'are': [574, 580, 995, 1565, 1869, 1948, 2435], 'stable': [575], 'after': [576, 1424, 1498, 1637, 2037, 2180, 2238, 2256, 3833, 3863, 3888, 4015, 4154], 'manual': [577, 2289], 'reduction': [578], 'associated': [582, 1767, 1797, 2027, 4115], 'dislocation': [584], 'distal': [587, 1752, 3147, 3289, 4156], 'radioulnar': [588], 'joint,': [589], 'can': [590, 634, 1336, 1588, 1854, 1873, 1897], 'appliances': [594], 'stabilise': [596, 629], 'forearm': [598, 631, 664, 3334], 'relaxed': [601], 'attitude': [602], 'supination.': [604, 3248], 'They': [605, 2422], 'should': [606, 1219, 1939], 'flexion': [609, 615], 'extension': [611], 'elbow,': [614], 'wrist,': [618], 'pronation': [621], 'supination': [623, 633, 3275], 'forearm.': [626], 'Failure': [627, 1913], 'lead': [635, 1706, 1898], 'loss': [638, 1901], 'reduction.': [640], 'obtained': [644, 1730], 'way': [647, 2074], 'comparable': [649], 'those': [651, 999, 2128], 'aggressive': [655], 'treatments.7,17–19Bracing': [656], 'both': [660, 3359], 'encountered': [665], 'technical': [666], 'difficulties': [667], 'its': [670, 735, 2795, 2892, 3456], 'use.': [671], 'increased': [673], 'appear': [680], 'problem.': [684], 'Axially': [685, 1928], 'maintained': [688], 'their': [689], 'alignment': [690, 1172, 2362], 'length': [692, 1177, 1882, 1904], 'movements': [699], 'wrist': [702], 'elbow.': [704], 'lessons': [706], 'learned': [707, 2083, 2126], 'considerable': [709, 1117], 'shed': [711], 'light': [712], 'physiological': [715], 'behaviour': [716], 'these': [718, 950, 1718], 'fractures.20–22Functional': [719], 'ununited': [722], 'gave': [727], 'many': [731, 2002], 'instances': [732], 'role': [736, 1690, 1974, 2674, 2917, 3728], 'established': [738], 'limitations': [740, 1815], 'identified.8,23The': [741], 'concept': [742, 873, 1039, 3500], 'preceded': [747], 'popularisation': [750], 'rigid': [753, 875, 1007, 1425, 1463, 3558], 'immobilisation': [754, 823, 876, 1008, 1426, 1500], 'interfragmentary': [758], 'compression': [759, 803, 1155, 1387, 3485, 3508, 3537], 'plates,': [761], 'advanced': [768], 'Danis': [770, 3403], 'mid-twentieth': [773], 'century24': [774], 'further': [778, 1036, 2298, 2455], 'refined': [779], 'AO': [782, 1002, 1052], 'technique.': [783, 1003], 'Basic': [784], 'research': [785], 'findings': [786], 'resulted': [787], 'rapid': [789], 'acceptance': [790], 'method': [793, 2120], 'throughout': [794, 1240], 'world.25,26Despite': [796], 'attraction': [798], 'fixation': [800, 1059, 1986, 2010, 3582, 3606, 4139], 'plate,': [804], 'evident': [807], 'some': [809, 974, 1708, 1760, 1919], 'scientific': [812, 3511], 'concepts': [813], 'based': [819, 991], 'flawed.': [821], 'Rigid': [822], 'plates': [827, 861, 898, 931, 3584], 'enhance': [830], 'healing': [831, 1242, 1649, 1658, 2371, 2540, 2640, 2653, 2944, 3480, 3660], 'delayed': [833, 3388], 'it,': [834, 2811], 'as': [835, 837, 846, 890, 1122, 1124, 1924, 2476, 2481], 'well': [836], 'weakening': [838], 'underlying': [840], 'cortical': [841, 1496, 1529, 3577], 'bone.4–7,26,27': [842], 'explained': [845], 'being': [847, 1127, 1375, 1643], 'consequence': [849], 'stress': [851], 'shielding.28–31': [852], 'concluded': [855, 966, 1591], 'thick': [858], 'stiff': [860], 'creating': [863], 'undesirable': [865, 971], 'phenomenon': [866], 'changes': [868, 957, 3553], 'made.': [870], 'essential': [878], 'persisted.': [882], 'lack': [884], 'peripheral': [886, 2580, 2648], 'callus': [887, 1407, 2581, 2599, 2617, 3442], 'regarded': [889], 'sign': [892], 'good': [894], 'healing.': [895, 1692, 2241], 'More': [896], 'flexible': [897], 'produced': [900, 2272, 2523], 'extensively': [902], 'used,': [903], 'failed': [905], 'eliminate': [907], 'bone': [908, 1150, 1181, 1530, 2439, 2809, 3578, 3609], 'atrophy.31': [909], 'atrophy': [915, 1497, 3579], 'interference': [919], 'vascularity': [921], 'under': [922, 960, 3481, 3557], 'plate.32': [924], 'led': [926, 1918], 'manufacture': [929], 'projections': [934], 'reduce': [936], 'amount': [938], 'contact': [940, 3754], 'between': [941, 1517, 2624], 'plate': [943, 1477, 1499, 3509], 'bone.Once': [945], 'modifications': [951], 'adverse': [956], 'taking': [958], 'place': [959, 1109, 1678], 'metal': [962], 'implants,': [963], 'absolute': [968], 'rigidity': [969], 'advantageous': [983], 'osteogenesis.32–34The': [985], 'is': [990, 1014, 1048, 1116, 1161, 1348, 1373, 1419, 1443, 1474, 1484, 1501, 1531, 1539, 1607, 1668, 1832, 1957, 2052, 2109, 2586, 2652, 2666, 2705, 2739, 2747, 3892], 'upon': [992], 'principles': [993], 'totally': [996], 'opposite': [997], 'maintains': [1005], 'unphysiological': [1015], 'during': [1025, 1073, 1113, 3785], 'activities': [1027, 2216], 'encourages': [1028], 'osteogenesis.3–7,27': [1029], 'supports': [1037], 'desirable.As': [1049], 'methods': [1056, 2095], 'internal': [1058, 3559, 3605], 'has': [1064, 1612, 1661, 1917, 2048], 'evolved.': [1065], 'One': [1066], 'most': [1069, 1362, 1960], 'important': [1070, 1363, 1392, 1689], 'features': [1071], 'identified': [1072, 2310], 'development': [1075, 1379], 'finding': [1078], 'two-bone': [1084], 'segments': [1085], 'body,': [1088], 'despite': [1095], 'early': [1099, 3311], 'activity': [1100, 2829], 'weight-bearing.3,5–7,11,14,35': [1102], 'takes': [1108, 1677], 'physiologically-controlled': [1114], 'axial': [1119, 3657], 'displacement': [1120, 2350], 'much': [1123], '0.5': [1125], 'cm': [1126], 'recorded': [1128], '(Fig.': [1129, 1151, 1173, 1223, 1346, 1427, 1452, 1585], '1).3,33': [1130], 'interosseous': [1132, 2284, 2307], 'membrane': [1133, 2285, 2308], 'provide': [1139], 'tethering': [1141, 2483], 'mechanism': [1142, 2408], 'prevents': [1144, 1971, 2410, 2454], 'additional': [1145], 'fractured': [1149, 1180], '2).': [1152], 'firm': [1154, 1386], 'provided': [1162], 'adjustable': [1165, 1344], 'brace': [1166, 1253, 1272, 2177, 2534, 2885, 4059], 'stiffens': [1167], 'area': [1169], 'controls': [1171], '3).6,8,11': [1174], 'Regaining': [1175, 1881], 'traction,': [1183], 'case': [1186, 4128], 'return': [1195, 1908], 'begins.': [1202], 'suggests': [1204], 'such': [1206], 'tibia': [1210, 1933, 2169, 2277, 2345, 3811, 4021, 4064], 'unacceptable': [1212, 1895, 1937, 1962], 'post-injury': [1217], 'radiographs': [1218], '4).': [1224], 'Once': [1225], 'recognised': [1228], 'seen': [1232, 1423, 1670, 2414, 2474], 'remained': [1237, 2245], 'same': [1239], 'process': [1243], 'main': [1249], 'function': [1250, 2941], 'deformity.': [1258], 'review': [1260, 4067, 4257], '1000': [1262], 'treated': [1267, 1475, 1942, 2530, 2791, 3222, 3716], 'showed': [1273], 'varus': [1276, 1301], '322': [1279], '(32%)': [1280], 'fractures.': [1281, 2323, 2504, 2696, 2855, 2870, 2926, 2974, 3022, 3054, 3176, 3610, 3663, 3688, 4022, 4255], 'Of': [1282], 'these,': [1283], '90%': [1284, 1520], 'healed': [1285, 2357], '<': [1289, 1296], '6°': [1290], '95%': [1292], '8°.': [1297], 'mean': [1299], 'group': [1305, 1868], '4.8°': [1307], '(sd': [1308], '2.9°).36': [1309], 'As': [1310], 'swelling': [1313], 'accompanies': [1315], 'all': [1316], 'subsides,': [1318], 'desirable': [1321], 'snugness': [1322], 'decreases,': [1326], 'making': [1327], 'subject': [1330], 'deformities.': [1333, 3761], 'risk': [1335], 'reduced': [1338, 1876], 'repeated': [1340], 'tightening': [1341], 'straps': [1345], '5).Compliance': [1347], 'always': [1350, 1813], 'obtained,': [1351], 'may': [1356, 2024], 'seen.': [1358], 'remains': [1360], 'issue': [1364], 'confronting': [1365], 'particularly': [1368], 'currently': [1374, 1566], 'addressed': [1376], 'system': [1382], 'ensure': [1384], 'permanent,': [1385], 'tissues.Equally': [1391], 'confirmation': [1401], 'strength': [1404, 2602, 2615], 'forms': [1409, 1630, 2583], 'where': [1416], 'occurs': [1418], 'greater': [1420, 1448, 1594, 1606, 1625], 'than': [1421, 1642, 2472], '6).5–8,26,27,34The': [1428], 'local': [1429], 'irritation': [1430], 'produces': [1438], 'vascular': [1440, 2749], 'invasion': [1441, 1455, 2728], 'ultimately': [1444], 'responsible': [1445, 2129], 'osteogenesis': [1451, 2676], '7).4,7,26,37': [1453], 'does': [1456], 'occur': [1458], 'presence': [1461, 2621, 2656], 'immobilisation.': [1464], 'Studies27,29': [1465], 'have': [1466, 1849, 2011, 2281], 'fixation,': [1478], 'medullary': [1480, 1514], 'blood': [1481, 1508], 'supply,': [1482], 'seriously': [1485, 2150], 'disrupted': [1486], 'injury,': [1488, 1640], 'rapidly': [1489], 'returns': [1490], 'normal.Consequently,': [1492], 'explanation': [1494], 'result': [1503, 1807], 'compromise': [1505], 'supply': [1509], 'becomes': [1510], 'unsupportable': [1511], 'because': [1512, 1959], 'vessels': [1515, 3730], 'nourish': [1516], '66%': [1518], 'cortex': [1523], 'remaining': [1528, 2447], 'nourished': [1532], 'periosteal': [1534, 1560], 'vessels.4,7–9,37': [1535], 'In': [1536, 2137], 'addition,': [1537, 2138], 'there': [1538, 1947, 2585, 2738, 2741, 2746], 'strong': [1540, 1949], 'evidence': [1541, 2668, 4235], 'osteogenic': [1544], 'capillaries': [1545, 1598, 2730, 2799], 'arise': [1546], 'primarily': [1547, 1833], 'less': [1556], 'extent,': [1557], 'vessels.': [1561], 'For': [1562], 'reasons': [1563], 'unclear,': [1567], 'endothelial': [1569], 'perithelial': [1571], 'cells': [1572, 2818], 'part': [1575], 'invading': [1578], 'capillaries,': [1579, 2825], 'undergo': [1580], 'metaplasia': [1581, 2816], 'become': [1583], 'osteoblasts': [1584, 1618, 2813], '8).4,7–9': [1586], 'number': [1596], 'osteogenesis.It': [1611], 'observed': [1615], 'non-immobilised': [1622, 1659], 'show': [1624, 1842, 1935, 1961, 2423], 'activity.7,8': [1626], 'haematoma': [1628, 1666, 1686, 2671], 'rather': [1641], 'helpful': [1645], 'participant': [1646], 'process,': [1650], 'appears': [1651], 'delay': [1653], 'it.27': [1654], 'Histological': [1655], 'examination': [1656], 'shown': [1662], 'resorption': [1663], 'normally': [1669], 'around': [1671, 1980, 2810], 'bony': [1672], 'fragments': [1673, 2626], 'before': [1674], 'enchondral': [1675], 'ossification': [1676], 'questions': [1680], 'popular': [1682], 'belief': [1683], 'plays': [1687, 2672], 'Because': [1693], 'inevitable': [1696], 'might': [1705, 1765], 'permanent': [1709, 1776], 'deformities,': [1711], 'conducted': [1714], 'determine': [1716, 1774], 'if': [1717], 'harmful': [1722], 'effect': [1723, 3776, 3805], 'data': [1729], 'minor': [1733, 1785], 'altered': [1739], 'distribution': [1741], 'pressure': [1743], 'articular': [1746, 1786, 3945], 'cartilage': [1747, 3813, 3918], 'joints': [1753], 'minimal': [1756, 2303], 'extent.38–44The': [1757], 'fact': [1758], 'minimally': [1761], 'displaced': [1762], 'intra-articular': [1763], 'prompted': [1771], 'whether': [1775], 'degenerative': [1777, 1810], 'arthritis': [1778], 'unavoidable.': [1780], 'These': [1781], 'investigations': [1782], 'incongruity': [1787, 1796], 'necessarily': [1790], 'produce': [1791], 'progressive': [1792], 'arthritis.45': [1793], 'By': [1794], 'contrast,': [1795], 'instability': [1799], 'joint': [1802, 3753, 3784], 'likely': [1805, 2407], 'late': [1809], 'change.46There': [1811], 'will': [1812, 1995], 'use': [1818, 2090, 2893], 'techniques': [1821, 3292], 'management': [1824, 2058, 2106, 3005], 'Currently,': [1830], 'used': [1834], 'closed,': [1836, 2339], 'shortening,': [1847, 1963, 2456], 'deformity': [1852], 'manually': [1856], 'corrected': [1857], 'normal.': [1864], 'Included': [1865], 'transverse': [1870], 'successfully': [1875], 'rendered': [1878], 'mechanically': [1879, 2271], 'stable.1,2,7,11,35,47': [1880], 'traction': [1884, 2458], 'manipulation': [1886], 'originally': [1893], 'demonstrated': [1894], 'any': [1903], 'gained': [1905], 'recognise': [1915], 'discard': [1921], 'option.': [1927], 'initial,': [1936], 'unless': [1946], 'mitigating': [1950], 'circumstances.': [1951], 'limited,': [1958], 'envelope': [1970], 'effective': [1973], 'incompressible': [1977], 'fracture.Internal': [1985], 'remain': [1996], 'choice': [2000], 'cases.': [2003, 2898], 'Systems': [2004], 'external': [2009, 4123], 'progressed': [2012], 'considerably': [2013], 'recent': [2015], 'years.': [2016], 'frequently': [2025], 'chronic': [2029], 'pain,': [2031], 'often': [2033], 'fails': [2034], 'resolve': [2036], 'removal': [2038], 'implant.48': [2041], 'Although': [2042], 'plating': [2044, 3486, 3503], 'now': [2047], 'fewer': [2049], 'indications,': [2050], 'still': [2053], 'option': [2055], 'flat': [2065], 'continues': [2069], 'evolve': [2071], 'makes': [2076], 'future': [2077], 'predictions': [2078], 'difficult.': [2079], 'lessions': [2082], 'over': [2084], 'past': [2086], 'decades': [2087], 'old': [2092], 'treatment,': [2097], 'strongly': [2098], 'suggest': [2099], 'balanced': [2102], 'approach': [2103], 'essential.': [2110], 'recognition': [2112], 'contra-indications': [2117], 'each': [2119], 'must': [2123, 2147], 'clearly': [2125], 'care': [2132, 2144, 4149], 'traumatised': [2135], 'patient.': [2136], 'economic': [2140], 'factors': [2141], 'considered.Fig.': [2151], '1a,': [2152], 'Fig.': [2153, 2155, 2157, 2266, 2327, 2329, 2398, 2400, 2402, 2508, 2510, 2570, 2572, 2709, 2722, 2783, 2785], '1b,': [2154], '1c,': [2156], '1d': [2158, 2249], 'Figure': [2159, 2220, 2233, 2248, 2365, 2574, 2606, 2634, 2703], '1a': [2160], '–': [2161, 2222, 2235, 2250, 2335, 2367, 2576, 2608, 2636], 'Radiographs': [2162, 2336, 2512], 'showing': [2163, 2224, 2252, 2269, 2337, 2369, 2513, 2645, 2725, 2797], 'left': [2168, 2282, 2344, 2520], 'fibula': [2171, 2279, 2347], 'stabilised': [2172], 'one': [2178, 2194, 2197, 2895], 'week': [2179], 'injury.': [2181, 2421], 'No': [2182, 2297, 3856], 'attempt': [2183], 'made': [2185], 'regain': [2187], 'length.': [2188, 2364], 'Two': [2189], 'screws': [2190, 2205], 'placed': [2192], 'percutaneously,': [2193], 'above': [2195], 'below': [2198], 'fracture.': [2200, 2593, 2664, 2835, 3866], 'heads': [2202], 'connected': [2207], 'movement-sensitive': [2209], 'devices': [2210], 'transmitted': [2212], 'information': [2213], 'computer.': [2219], '1b': [2221], 'Photograph': [2223, 2251, 2368], 'bearing': [2227, 3490], 'weight': [2228, 3489], 'force': [2231], 'plate.': [2232, 3538], '1c': [2234], 'Radiograph': [2236], 'taken': [2237], 'completion': [2239], 'same.': [2247], 'clinical': [2254, 4259], 'appearance': [2255], '(reproduced': [2258, 2311, 2372, 2485, 2544, 2677], 'permission': [2260, 2313, 2375, 2488, 2547, 2680, 2758, 2839], 'Sarmiento': [2262, 2315, 2383, 2496, 2555, 2688, 2712, 2766, 2847, 2862, 2880, 2908, 2932, 2964, 2982, 3013, 3028, 3045, 3062, 3084, 3101, 3130, 3161, 3185, 3209, 3235, 3258, 3284, 3303, 3323, 3349, 3376, 3436, 3466, 3626, 3671, 3698, 3748, 3773, 3993], 'et': [2263, 3406, 3572, 3652, 3677, 3802, 3910, 3939, 3966], 'al.35)Fig.': [2264], '2a,': [2265], '2b': [2267], 'Photographs': [2268], 'a)': [2270, 2338, 2424, 2514, 2726, 2798], 'oblique': [2273], 'intact': [2286, 2448, 2478], 'b)': [2288, 2355, 2428, 2536, 2743, 2812], 'vertical': [2292], 'loading': [2293, 3681], 'specimen.': [2296], 'occurred': [2300], 'only': [2302], 'A,': [2316, 2384, 2497, 2556, 2689, 2713, 2767, 2848, 2909, 2913, 2933, 2965, 2983, 3014, 3085, 3102, 3131, 3133, 3135, 3162, 3186, 3210, 3236, 3259, 3304, 3324, 3377, 3437, 3467, 3649, 3672, 3676, 3699, 3907, 3934, 3990], 'Latta': [2317, 2385, 2498, 2557, 2690, 2714, 2768, 2849, 2910, 2934, 2962, 2980, 3015, 3030, 3086, 3167, 3211, 3380, 3438, 3470, 3991], 'LL.': [2318, 2386, 2499, 2558, 2691, 2769, 2850, 3016, 3031, 3087, 3381, 3439], 'Closed': [2319, 2500, 2692, 2770, 2851, 3286], 'Springer-Verlag,': [2324, 2395, 2505, 2567, 2697, 2719, 2856, 3024, 3041], '1992.7)Fig.': [2325, 2506], '3a,': [2326], '3b,': [2328], '3c': [2330, 2366], 'Figures': [2331], '3a': [2332], '3b': [2334], 'comminuted': [2340, 2516, 3142], 'preservation': [2360], 'kind': [2374, 2487, 2546, 2679, 2757, 2838], 'Springer': [2377, 2490, 2549, 2682, 2760, 2775, 2841], 'Science': [2378, 2491, 2550, 2683, 2761, 2842], 'Business': [2380, 2493, 2552, 2685, 2763, 2844], 'Media': [2381, 2494, 2553, 2686, 2764, 2845], 'bracing:': [2389, 2561, 3034, 3090], 'tibia,': [2391, 2563, 3036], 'humerus': [2392, 2564, 3037], 'ulna.': [2394, 2566, 3039], '1995.8)Fig.': [2396, 2568], '4a,': [2397], '4b,': [2399], '4c,': [2401], '4d': [2403], 'Diagrams': [2404], 'beyond': [2412], 'uninjured': [2426], 'limb,': [2427], 'attached': [2436], 'becoming': [2450], 'tether': [2452], 'c)': [2457, 2538, 2827], 'restores': [2460], 'length,': [2461], 'd)': [2463], 'shortens': [2466], 'initially,': [2475], 'act': [2480], 'device': [2484], '5a,': [2507], '5b,': [2509], '5c': [2511], 'diaphysis': [2522], 'low-velocity': [2526], 'bullet': [2527], 'three': [2541], 'months': [2542], 'later': [2543], '6a,': [2569], '6b,': [2571], '6c': [2573, 2635, 2704], '6a': [2575], 'Microradiograph': [2577], 'large': [2595, 3586, 4117], 'diameter': [2596], 'increases': [2600], '6b': [2607], 'Bar': [2609], 'graph': [2610], 'indicating': [2611], 'formed': [2618], 'motion': [2623, 3635], 'compared': [2627], 'fragments;': [2633], 'Photomicrograph': [2637, 2724], 'rabbit': [2644, 3922, 3949], 'abundant': [2647], 'callus.': [2649], 'There': [2665], '1992': [2698], '(Figs': [2699], '2.15B,': [2700], '2.27,': [2701], '5.15B).': [2702], 'reproduction': [2707], '1.15A': [2710], 'bracing.': [2718, 3067, 3199, 3313, 3719], '1995.Fig.': [2720], '7a,': [2721], '7b': [2723], 'massive': [2727], 'without': [2744], 'contribution': [2750], 'tissues.': [2754], 'Reproduced': [2755, 2836], 'Verlag,': [2776], '19927': [2777, 2857], '(Figs.': [2778, 2858], '2.1A': [2779], '2.28B).Fig.': [2781], '8a,': [2782], '8b,': [2784], '8c': [2786], 'Photomicrographs': [2787], 'arising': [2800, 2814], 'osteoid': [2808], 'osteoblastic': [2828], '2.2B,': [2859], '2.3B,': [2860], '2.4).References1': [2861], 'A.': [2863, 2881, 3046, 3063, 3285, 3350, 3627, 3749, 3774, 3994], 'J': [2871, 2899, 3121, 3152, 3177, 3200, 3226, 3249, 3314, 3336, 3368, 3591, 3611, 3638, 3689, 3733, 3819, 3841, 3895, 3924, 3952, 3980, 4023], 'Surg': [2874, 2902, 3124, 3155, 3180, 3203, 3252, 3317, 3371, 3594, 3614, 3641, 3736, 3822, 3844, 3898, 3955, 3983], '[Am]': [2875, 2903, 3125, 3181, 3204, 3253, 3318, 3595, 3642, 3823, 3845, 3899, 3956], '1967;49-A:855–75.': [2876], 'ISI,': [2877, 2905, 3059, 3127, 3206, 3232, 3255, 3320, 3342, 3400, 3522, 3597, 3668, 3695, 3847, 3930, 4029], 'Google': [2878, 2906, 2930, 2960, 2978, 3011, 3026, 3043, 3060, 3082, 3099, 3128, 3159, 3183, 3207, 3233, 3256, 3282, 3301, 3321, 3343, 3374, 3401, 3416, 3434, 3464, 3495, 3523, 3545, 3564, 3598, 3618, 3644, 3669, 3696, 3723, 3740, 3765, 3794, 3825, 3848, 3873, 3902, 3931, 3958, 3987, 4006, 4030], 'Scholar2': [2879], 'fractures:': [2888, 3244, 3268, 3291, 3310, 4039, 4232], 'report': [2890], 'hundred': [2896], 'thirty-five': [2897], '1970;52-A:295–311.': [2904], 'Scholar3': [2907], 'L,': [2911], 'Zilioli': [2912], 'Sinclair': [2914, 3241, 3262, 3307], 'W.': [2915, 3263], 'tissue': [2920], 'stabilization': [2923], 'Clin': [2927, 2975, 3055, 3278, 3492, 3561, 3720, 3762, 4003], 'Orthop': [2928, 2976, 3056, 3227, 3279, 3337, 3396, 3493, 3540, 3562, 3690, 3721, 3763, 3868, 3925, 4004, 4024], '1974;105:116–29.': [2929], 'Scholar4': [2931], 'LL,': [2935, 2963, 2981, 3168, 3212, 3471, 3992], 'Tarr': [2936, 2966, 3329, 3345, 3742, 3769], 'R.': [2937, 3330, 3404, 3473], 'effects': [2939, 3352], 'stability.': [2946], 'In:': [2947, 2991, 3068, 3444], 'Murray': [2948], 'JA,': [2949], 'ed.': [2950, 3072, 3447], 'Instructional': [2951], 'course': [2952], 'lectures.': [2953], 'St.': [2954, 3458], 'Louis:': [2955, 3459], 'C.V.': [2956, 3460], 'Mosby': [2957, 3461], 'Co.,': [2958, 3080, 3462], '1984:83–106.': [2959], 'Scholar5': [2961], 'RR.': [2967], 'rationale': [2969], '1980;146:28–36.': [2977], 'Scholar6': [2979], 'Zynch': [2984], 'GA.': [2985], 'Principles': [2986], 'non-operative': [2988], 'treatment.': [2990, 3491], 'Browner': [2992], 'BD,': [2993], 'Jupiter': [2994], 'JB,': [2995, 3261], 'Levine': [2996], 'MM,': [2997], 'Trafton': [2998], 'PG,': [2999], 'eds.': [3000], 'Skeletal': [3001], 'trauma:': [3002], 'basic': [3003], 'science': [3004, 3421], 'reconstruction.': [3007], 'Philadelphia:': [3008, 3077, 3093, 3295], 'Saunders,': [3009], '1998:237–66.': [3010], 'Scholar7': [3012], 'Berlin:': [3023, 3040], '1981:1–59.': [3025], 'Scholar8': [3027], 'Z,': [3029], '1995:231–78.': [3042], 'Scholar9': [3044], 'shaft': [3053, 3117, 3175, 3220, 3890, 4113, 4199, 4254], '1972;82:2–13.': [3057], 'Medline,': [3058, 3231, 3341, 3399, 3521, 3544, 3667, 3694, 3793, 3872, 3929, 4028], 'Scholar10': [3061], 'Complications': [3064, 3073], 'Epps': [3069], 'CH': [3070], 'Jr,': [3071], 'orthopaedic': [3075], 'surgery.': [3076], 'J.B.': [3078], 'Lippincott': [3079], '1994.': [3081, 3415], 'Scholar11': [3083], 'manual.': [3092], 'Lippincott,': [3094, 3296], 'Williams': [3095, 3297], '&': [3096, 3298, 3412], 'Wilkins,': [3097, 3299], '2002.': [3098, 3433], 'Scholar12': [3100], 'Kinman': [3103, 3187], 'PB,': [3104, 3188], 'Galvin': [3105], 'EG,': [3106], 'Schmitt': [3107], 'RH,': [3108], 'Phillips': [3109, 3191], 'PG.': [3110], 'humerus.': [3120, 3151], '1977;59-A:596–601.': [3126], 'Scholar13': [3129], 'Horowitch': [3132], 'Aboulafia': [3134], 'Vangsness': [3136], 'CT': [3137], 'Jr.': [3138], 'extra-articular': [3143, 4155], 'third': [3148, 4020], '[Br]': [3156, 3372, 3615, 3737, 3984], '1990;72-B:283–7.': [3157], 'Link,': [3158, 3617, 3739], 'Scholar14': [3160], 'Zagorski': [3163, 3260], 'J,': [3164, 3647, 3938], 'Zych': [3165, 3213], 'G,': [3166, 3214, 3799, 3905, 3961], 'Capps': [3169], 'C.': [3170], '2000;82-A:478–86.': [3182], 'Scholar15': [3184], 'Murphy': [3189], 'RB,': [3190], 'JG.': [3192], 'Treatment': [3193], '1976;58-A:1104–7.': [3205], 'Scholar16': [3208], 'McKeever,': [3215], 'Zagorsky': [3216], 'J.': [3217, 3707, 3726, 3855], 'Isolated': [3218], 'braces.': [3225], 'Trauma': [3228, 4025, 4071], '1998;12:420–4.': [3229], 'Crossref,': [3230, 3340, 3398, 3520, 3666, 3693, 3792, 3871, 3928, 4027], 'Scholar17': [3234], 'Pratt': [3237], 'GW,': [3238], 'Berry': [3239], 'NC,': [3240], 'WF.': [3242, 3308], '1975;57-A:311–17.': [3254], 'Scholar18': [3257], 'prospective': [3270], 'study': [3271], 'immobilization': [3273], 'versus': [3276, 3487], 'pronation.': [3277], '1980;': [3280], '146:175–87.': [3281], 'Scholar19': [3283], 'radius': [3290], 'orthopaedics.': [3294], '2000:299–304.': [3300], 'Scholar20': [3302], 'Cooper': [3305], 'JS,': [3306], 'Forearm': [3309], '1975;57-A:297–304.': [3319], 'Scholar21': [3322], 'Ebramazadeh': [3325], 'E,': [3326, 3703, 3965], 'Brys': [3327], 'D,': [3328, 3469, 3651], 'Angular': [3331], 'function.': [3335], 'Res': [3338, 3691, 3926], '1992;10:121–33.': [3339], 'Scholar22': [3344], 'RR,': [3346, 3743, 3770], 'Garfinkel': [3347], 'AI,': [3348], 'rotational': [3356], 'forearm:': [3363], 'vitro': [3366], 'study.': [3367], '1984;66-B:65–70.': [3373], 'Scholar23': [3375], 'Burkhalter': [3378], 'M,': [3379, 3528, 3532], 'nonunion': [3391], 'Int': [3395], '2003;27:26–9.': [3397], 'Scholar24': [3402], 'Theorie': [3405], 'practique': [3407], 'de': [3408, 4303, 4313], 'l’osteosynthèse.': [3409], 'Paris:': [3410], 'Mason': [3411], 'Cie': [3413], 'Editeurs,': [3414], 'Scholar25': [3417], 'Schlitch': [3418], 'T.': [3419], 'Surgery,': [3420, 4134, 4216], 'industry:': [3423], 'revolution': [3425], 'care,': [3428], '1950–1990s.': [3429], 'Basingstoke:': [3430], 'Palgrave': [3431], 'MacMillan,': [3432], 'Scholar26': [3435], 'Periosteal': [3440], 'mechanics.': [3443], 'Moore': [3445], 'TM,': [3446], 'AAOS': [3448], 'Symposium': [3449], 'trauma': [3451], 'leg': [3454], 'sequelae.': [3457], '1981:75–86.': [3463], 'Scholar27': [3465], 'Mullis': [3468], 'Alvarez': [3472], 'quantitave': [3475], 'comparative': [3476], 'analysis': [3477], 'influence': [3483, 3629], '1980;232:232–9.': [3494], 'Scholar28': [3496], 'Perren': [3497, 3525, 3600], 'SM.': [3498], 'biological': [3502], 'contact-dynamic': [3507], '(L.C-DCP):': [3510], 'background,': [3512], 'design': [3513], 'application.': [3515], 'Injury': [3516], '1991;22': [3517], '(Suppl': [3518], '1):1–42.': [3519], 'Scholar29': [3524], 'S,': [3526, 3530, 3567, 3876], 'Russernberger': [3527], 'Steinemann': [3529], 'Muller': [3531], 'Allgower': [3533], 'M.': [3534, 3884], 'dynamic': [3536], 'Acta': [3539, 3867], 'Scand': [3541, 3869], 'Suppl': [3542], '1969;125:31–41.': [3543], 'Scholar30': [3546], 'Uhthoff': [3547], 'H,': [3548, 3625, 3674, 3936], 'Dubuc': [3549], 'FL.': [3550], 'structure': [3552], 'dog': [3556], 'fixation.': [3560], '1971;91:165–70.': [3563], 'Scholar31': [3565], 'Woo': [3566], 'Akenson': [3568], 'W,': [3569], 'Coutts': [3570], 'R,': [3571], 'al.': [3573, 3653, 3678, 3803, 3911, 3940, 3967], 'comparison': [3575], 'secondary': [3580], 'differences': [3587], 'bending': [3589], 'stiffness.': [3590], '1976;58-A:190–5.': [3596], 'Scholar32': [3599], 'S.': [3601], 'Evolution': [3602], '2002;84-B:1093–110.': [3616], 'Scholar33': [3619], 'Park': [3620, 3962], 'SH,': [3621, 3963], 'O’Connor': [3622], 'K,': [3623], 'McKellop': [3624, 3673, 3796, 3935], 'shear': [3632], 'or': [3633], 'compressive': [3634], 'fracture-healing.': [3637], '1998;80-A:868–78.': [3643], 'Scholar34': [3645], 'Kenwright': [3646], 'Goodship': [3648], 'Kelly': [3650], 'Effect': [3654, 3679], 'controlled': [3656], 'micromotion': [3658], 'Lancet': [3664], '1986;2:1185–7.': [3665], 'Scholar35': [3670], 'Llinas': [3675, 3906, 3933], 'motions': [3684], '1996;14:80–4.': [3692], 'Scholar36': [3697], 'Sharpe': [3700], 'F,': [3701], 'Ebramzadeh': [3702, 3964], 'Norman': [3704], 'P,': [3705, 3909], 'Shankwiler': [3706], 'Factors': [3708], 'influencing': [3709], 'outcome': [3711, 3887], '1995;315:8–24.': [3722], 'Scholar37': [3724], 'Trueta': [3725], 'osteogenesis.': [3732], '1963;45-B:402–18.': [3738], 'Scholar38': [3741], 'Resnick': [3744, 3771], 'RT,': [3745], 'Wagner': [3746, 3767], 'KW,': [3747], 'Changes': [3750], 'tibiotalar': [3752], 'areas': [3755], 'following': [3756], 'experimentally': [3757], 'induced': [3758], '1985;199:72–80.': [3764], 'Scholar39': [3766], 'KS,': [3768], 'C,': [3772], 'simulated': [3778, 3807], 'gait': [3787], 'cycle.': [3788], 'Foot': [3789], 'Ankle': [3790, 4296], '1984;5:131–41.': [3791], 'Scholar40': [3795], 'HA,': [3797], 'Sigholm': [3798], 'Redfern': [3800], 'FC,': [3801], 'fracture-angulation': [3808], 'pressures': [3814], 'joint.': [3818], '1991;73-A:1382–90.': [3824], 'Scholar41': [3826], 'Merchant': [3827], 'TC,': [3828], 'Dietz': [3829], 'FR.': [3830], 'Long-term': [3831], 'follow-up': [3832], 'fibular': [3839], 'shafts.': [3840], '1989;71-A:599–606.': [3846], 'Scholar42': [3849], 'Kristensen': [3850], 'KD,': [3851], 'Kiaer': [3852], 'T,': [3853, 4010], 'Blicher': [3854], 'arthrosis': [3857], '20': [3861], 'years': [3862], 'malaligned': [3864], 'tibial-shaft': [3865], '1989;60:208–9.': [3870], 'Scholar43': [3874], 'Milner': [3875], 'Davis': [3877], 'TR,': [3878], 'Muir': [3879], 'KR,': [3880], 'Greenwood': [3881], 'DC,': [3882], 'Doherty': [3883], 'Long': [3885], 'term': [3886], 'fracture:': [3891, 4065], 'malunion': [3893], 'important?': [3894], '2002;84-A:': [3900], '971–80.': [3901], 'Scholar44': [3903], 'Lovasz': [3904, 3960], 'Benya': [3908], 'Effects': [3912], 'valgus': [3914], 'degeneration': [3919, 3970], 'knee.': [3923], '1995;13:846–53.': [3927], 'Scholar45': [3932], 'Marshall': [3937], 'Healing': [3941], 'remodelling': [3943], 'incongruities': [3946], 'model.': [3951], '1993;75-A:1508–23.': [3957], 'Scholar46': [3959], 'Characteristics': [3968], 'coronal': [3977], 'surface': [3978], 'step-off.': [3979], '2001;82-B:': [3985], '428–3.': [3986], 'Scholar47': [3988], 'Martinez': [3989], '2003;47:293–302.': [4005], 'Scholar48': [4007], 'Court-Brown,': [4008], 'Gustilo': [4009], 'Shaw': [4011], 'AD.': [4012], 'Knee': [4013], 'pain': [4014], '1997;11:103–5.': [4026], 'ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [4031], 'byBiological': [4032], 'biomechanical': [4034], 'basis': [4035], 'long-bone': [4037], 'non-union20': [4043], 'July': [4044], '2021': [4045], '|': [4046, 4100, 4132, 4191, 4214, 4240, 4284], 'International': [4047], 'Fragility,': [4051], 'Vol.': [4052, 4073, 4135, 4147, 4168, 4184, 4195, 4217, 4245, 4261, 4275, 4287, 4298, 4308, 4319, 4323], '1,': [4053], '2The': [4055], 'effectiveness': [4056], 'literatureArchives': [4069], 'Research,': [4072], '10,': [4074], '3THE': [4076], 'SEMI-RIGID': [4077], 'INDIVIDUAL': [4078], 'FUNCTIONAL': [4079], 'BANDAGES': [4080], 'AS': [4081], 'FINAL': [4083], 'STAGE': [4084], 'IN': [4085], 'THE': [4086, 4089], 'TREATMENT': [4087, 4094], 'OF': [4088], 'TIBIAL': [4090], 'BONE': [4091], 'NONUNIONS': [4092], 'AFTER': [4093], 'WITH': [4095], 'RING': [4096], 'FIXATORS10': [4097], 'December': [4098], '2020': [4099], 'problems': [4102], 'traumatology': [4104], 'osteosynthesis,': [4106], '1(19)Successful': [4108], 'pathologic': [4111], 'arteriovenous': [4118], 'malformations': [4119], '3-dimensional': [4122], 'fixator': [4124], 'teriparatide:': [4126], 'report5': [4129], 'April': [4130, 4223, 4238], '2019': [4131], 'BMC': [4133], '19,': [4136], '1External': [4138], 'correction': [4142], 'adult': [4144], 'post-traumatic': [4145], 'deformitiesInjury,': [4146], '50Best': [4148], 'paradigm': [4150], 'optimize': [4152], 'functionality': [4153], 'young': [4161], 'patientJournal': [4162], 'Clinical': [4164], 'Trauma,': [4167], '9External': [4169], 'Fixator': [4170], 'Applications': [4171], 'Warfare': [4173], 'Surgery5': [4174], 'January': [4175, 4212], '2018Humeral': [4176], 'Shaft': [4177, 4221, 4225], 'Fractures3': [4178], 'May': [4179], '2018Fracture': [4180], 'healingCurrent': [4181], 'Orthopaedic': [4182], 'Practice,': [4183], '27,': [4185], '2L’osteogenesi': [4187], 'riparativa14': [4188], 'March': [4189], '2015': [4190, 4213], 'LO': [4192], 'SCALPELLO-OTODI': [4193], 'Educational,': [4194], '29,': [4196], '1Humeral': [4198], 'fractureTHE': [4200], 'TRICIPITAL': [4201], 'APONEUROSIS': 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