Title: Economic Growth Strategy and Urbanization Policies in China, 1949–1982*
Abstract: International Journal of Urban and Regional ResearchVolume 16, Issue 2 p. 275-305 Economic Growth Strategy and Urbanization Policies in China, 1949–1982* KAM WING CHAN, KAM WING CHAN Department of Geography, University of Washington, DP-10, Seattle, WA 98195, USASearch for more papers by this author KAM WING CHAN, KAM WING CHAN Department of Geography, University of Washington, DP-10, Seattle, WA 98195, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1992.tb00173.xCitations: 66 * Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Phoenix, 6–10 April 1988, and at a seminar at the Centre of Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 19 April 1988. The author is grateful for the comments and suggestions made by two anonymous referees. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Amin, S. (1981) The future of Maoism, trans. N. Finkelstein. Monthly Review Press, New York. Ashton, B., K. Hill, A. Piazza and R. Zeitz (1984) Famine in China, 1958–61. Population and Development Review 10. 4, 613–45. Banister, J. (1987) China's changing population. Stanford University Press, Stanford. Bernstein, T.P. (1984) Stalinism, famine, and Chinese peasants: grain procurements during the Great Leap Forward. Theory and Society 13. 3, 339–77. Berry, B.J.L. (1974) Comparative. urbanisation strategies. In H. Swain and R.D. MacKinnon (eds), Issues in the management of urban systems, Papers and Proceedings from a IIASA Conference on National Settlement Systems and Strategies, Schloss Laxenburg, Austria. Bhalla, A.S. (1990) Rural-urban disparities in India and China. World Development 18. 8, 1097–110. Bideleux, R. (1985) Communism and development. Methuen, London. Bodrova, V. and R. Anker (1985) Working women in socialist countries: the fertility connection. International Labour Office, Geneva. Bornstein, M. (1985) The Soviet centrally planning economy. In M. Bornstein (ed.), Comparative economic systems, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood. Chan, K.W. (1987) Further information about China's urban population statistics: old and new. China Quarterly 109, 104–9. Chan, K.W. (1988a) Rural—urban migration in China, 1950–82: estimates and analysis. Urban Geography 9. 11, 53–84. Chan, K.W. (1988b) Urbanization in China, 1949–82: policies, patterns and determinants. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Toronto. Chan, K.W. (1989) Determinants of urbanization in post-1949: empirical investigations. Paper presented at the International Conference on Internal Migration and Urbanization in China, Beijing, China, 6–8 December 1989. Chan, K.W. and K.Y. Tsui (1992) China's ‘agricultural’ and ‘non-agricultural’ population statistics: definitions, findings, and comparison. Department of Geography and Geology Occasional Paper no. 1, University of Hong Kong. Chan, K.W. and X. Xu (1985) Urban population growth and urbanization in China since 1949: reconstructing a baseline. China Quarterly 104, 583–613. Chen, K. (1982) A tentative inquiry into the scissors gap in the rate of exchange between industrial and agricultural products. Social Sciences in China 3. 2, 55–74. Chen, K., G. Jefferson, T. Rawski, H.C. Wang and Y.X. Zheng (1988) New estimates of fixed investment and capital stock for Chinese state industry. China Quarterly 114, 243–66. Chen, N-R. and W. Galenson (1969) The Chinese economy under communism. Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago. Chen, Pi-chao (1972) Overurbanisation, rustication of urban-educated youths, and politics of rural transformation. Comparative Politics (April), 361–86. Chen, S. (1983) Sishier nian (1940–1981 nian) lai funü de shengyu zhuangkuang (Women's fertility in 42 years (1940–1981)). In Quanguo qianfen zhiyi renkou shengyulü chouyang diaocha fenxi (An analysis of a national one-per-thousand population sample survey in birth rate), special issue of the Renkou Yu Jingii (July), 30–51. Chen, Y. (1954) Guanyu jihua shougou he jihua gongying (On planned procurement and supply). In Chen Yun Wenxuan 1949–1956 (Selected articles of Chen Yun 1949–56), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Chen, Y. (1955) Jianchi he gaijin liangshi de tonggou tongxiao (Insist and improve the unified purchase and distribution system of grain). In Chen Yun Wenxuan 1949–56 (Selected articles of Chen Yun 1949–56), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Chen, Y. (1961) Dongyuan chengshi renkou xiaxiang (Mobilizing urban population to the countryside). In Chen Yun Wenxuan 1956–1985 (Selected articles of Chen Yun 1956–1985), Renmin chubanshe (1986), Beijing. An English version appeared as 'An important work that relates to the ‘overall situation’, in N.R. Lardy and K. Lieberthal (eds) (1983), Chen Yun's strategy for China's development: a non-Maoist alternative, M.E. Sharpe, New York. Chenery, H. and M. Syrquin (1975) Patterns of development, 1950–70. Oxford University Press, London. Clark, D. (1982) Urban geography. Croom Helm, London. Cohn, S.H. (1970) Analysis of the Soviet growth model. In M. Bornstein (ed.), Soviet economy, Irwin, Homewood. de Vries, J. (1984) European urbanization: 1500–1800. Methuen, London. Dernberger, R.F. (1985) The state-planned, centralized system: China, North Korea, Vietnam. In R.A. Scalapino, S. Sato and J. Wanandi (eds), Asian economic development — present and future. Research Papers and Policy Studies 14, University of California, Berkeley, LA. Eckstein, A. (1977) China's economic revolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Ellman, M. (1975) Did the agricultural surplus provide the resources for the increase in investment in the USSR during the first five year plan Economic Journal 85, 844–64. Fallenbuchl, Z.M. (1970) The communist pattern of industrialization. Soviet Studies, 21, 458–84. Fang, L. and L. Zhao (1982) Zhongguo chengzhen de jiuye he gongzi (Employment and wages in urban China). Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Field, R.M. (1986) The performance of industry during the Cultural Revolution: second thoughts. China Quarterly 108, 625–42. Forbes, D. and N. Thrift (1987) Introduction. In D. Forbes and N. Thrift (eds), The socialist third world, Blackwell, Oxford. Freeman, S. (1982) Human labour as an energy source for rice production in the developing world. Agro-Ecosystems 8, 125–36. Frolic, B.M. (1976) Noncomparative communism: Chinese and Soviet urbanization, in M.G. Field (ed.), Social consequences of modernization in communist societies, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Government Administration Council (1953) Implementing the planned purchase and planned supply of grain. In State Council Legal System Bureau (1987), Zhonghua remin gongheguo xianxing fagui huibian (Collection of current laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Gray, J. (1976) Stalin, Mao and the future of China. New Society, 1 April, 9–11. Gulger, J. (1982) Overurbanization reconsidered. Economic Development and Cultural Change 31. 1, 173–89. Gurley, J. (1976) China's economy and the Maoist strategy. Monthly Review Press, New York. J. He and J. Wang (eds) (1983) Zhongguo jihua guanli wenti (Questions on China's planning and management). Zhongguo shehui keshe chubanshe, Beijing. Hong Kong, Census and Statistics Department (1983) Hong Kong 1981 Census, main report, vol. 1. Analysis Government Printer, Hong Kong. Hoselitz, B.F. (1957) Urbanization and economic growth in Asia. Economic Development and Cultural Change 6. 1, 42–54. Hu, X. (1983) Dui woguo chengzhenghua shuiping de pouxi (Analysis of the urbanization level in China). Chengshi guihuo (Urban planning review) 2, 23–6. Investigation and Research Group on ‘Optimal size of cities’ (1986) Yanjiu chengzheng heli guimo de lilun he fangfa (Theory and methods of studying the optimal size of cities). Nanjing daxue chubanshe, Nanjing. Ishikawa, S. (1983) China's economic growth since 1949 — an assessment. China Quarterly 94, 242–81. Johnson, C. (1982) What's wrong with Chinese political studies Asian Survey 22. 10, 919–33. Kansky, K.J. (1976) Urbanization under socialism: the case of Czechoslovakia. Praeger, New York. Kirkby, R.J. (1985) Urbanization in China: town and country in a developing economy 1949–2000 AD. Columbia University Press, New York. R. Kojima (ed.) (1978) Chugoku no toshika to noson kensetsu (Urbanization and rural development in China). Ryuskeishosha, Tokyo. Konrad, G. and I. Szelenyi (1977) Social conflicts of underurbanization. In M. Harloe (ed.), Captive cities, John Wiley, London. Kuznets, S. (1965) Economic growth and structure: selected essays. W.W. Norton, New York. Lalkaka, D. (1984) Urban housing in China. Habitat International 8. 1, 63–73. Lardy, N. (1983) Agriculture in China's modern economic development. Cambridge University Press, New York. Lardy, N. (1987) The Chinese economy under stress, 1958–1965. In D. Twitchett and J. Fairbank (eds), The Cambridge history of China, vol. 14, 543–90. Leung, H.C.K. (1987) Avoiding Soviet mistakes? A critical reassessment of the Maoist model. Unpublished MS, University of Toronto. Lewis, W.A. (1954) Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School 22. 2, 139–91. Lewis, W.A. (1958) Unlimited labour: further notes. The Manchester School 26. 1–32. Li, W. (1986) Jianli duinei jingji kafaqu de shexiang (Establishing inward-oriented economic development region). Naikai Bulletin 4, 61–7. Linn, J.F. (1982) The cost of urbanization in developing countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change 30. 3, 625–48. Lipton, M. (1977) Why poor people stay poor. Temple Smith, London. Lipton, M. (1984) Urban bias revisited. Journal of Development Studies 20. 3, 139–66. Liu, F. (1984) Xiaofei jingjixue gaikun (An outline of consumption economics). Guizhou renmin chubanshe, Guiyang. S. Liu and Q. Wu (eds) (1986) China's socialist economy — an outline history (1949–1984), Beijing Review, Beijing. Liu, Z. (1984) Renkou lilun wenti (Problems of population theory). Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, Beijing. H. Ma (ed.) (1982) Xiandai zhongguo jingji shidian (Dictionary of economic events in modern China). Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, Beijing. Ma, L.J.C. and C. Gonghao (1987) Administrative changes and urban population in China. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77. 3, 373–95. Ma, Q. (1981) Liaoningsheng zhongbu diqu chengshi renkou laodong goucheng chubu yanjiu (Preliminary study of the urban employment structure in Central Liaoning province). Jingji dili (Economic geography), 63–8. Ma, X. (1987) Sanshiduo nian lai woguo de guonei renkou qianyi ji jinhou de zhanwan (Internal migration in China in the past thirty years and its future prospects). Jingji yu renkou (Population and economy) 2, 3–9. Mao Zedong (1956) Lun shida guanxi (On the ten great relationships). In Mao Zedong Xuanji (Selected works of Mao Zedong), 5, 267–88. Mao Zedong (19612) Sulian Zhengzhi jingji xue dushu biji (Notes on reading Soviet political economy). In Mao Zedong sixian wansui (Long live Mao Zedong thought), 316–98. Millar, J.R. (1970) Soviet rapid development and the agricultural surplus hypothesis. Soviet Studies 22. 1, 77–93. Mills, E.S. and C.M. Becker (1986) Studies in Indian urban development. Oxford University Press, New York. Murphey, R. (1975) Aspects of urbanization in contemporary China: a revolutionary model. Proceedings of the Association of American Geographers 7, 165–8. Murphey, R. (1980) The fading of the Maoist vision: city and country in China's development. Methuen, New York. Musil, J. (1980) Urbanization in socialist countries. M.E. Sharpe, White Plains. Nolan, P. and G. White (1984) Urban bias, rural bias or state bias? Urban-rural relations in post-revolutionary China. Journal of Development Studies 20. 3, 53–81. Nove, A. (1970) The agricultural surplus hypothesis: a comment on James R. Millar's article. Soviet Studies 22. 1, 394–401. Ofer, G. (1976) Industrial structure, urbanization, and the growth strategy of socialist countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 90. 2, 219–44. Ofer, G. (1980) Industrial structure, urbanization, and socialist growth strategy: a historical analysis, 1940–1970. In S. Rosefielde (ed.), World communism at the crossroads: military ascendancy, political economy, and human welfare. Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston. Pannell, C.W. (1986) Recent increase in Chinese urbanization. Urban Geography 7. 4, 291–310. Parish, W.L. (1981) Egalitarianism in Chinese society. Problems of communism 1, 37–53. Perkins, D. (1966) Market control and planning in communist China. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Perkins, D. and S. Yusuf (1984) Rural development in China. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Qiu, C. (1980) Guanyu shige chengshi jiuye jiegou qingkuang de tiaocha (On the survey of employment structure in ten cities). Jingjixue Dongtai (Economic developments) 4, 36–9. Ranis, G. and J.C.H. Fei (1961) A theory of economic development. American Economic Review 51. 4, 533–65. Rawski, T.G. (1979) Economic growth and employment in China. Oxford University Press, London. Rawski, T.G. (1982) The simple arithmetic of Chinese income distribution. Keizai Kenkyu (Economic research) 33. 1, 12–26. Regulska, J. (1987) Urban development under socialism: the Polish experience. Urban Geography 8. 4, 321–39. Sichuan University (1982) Yindu jingji (The Indian economy). Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Spulber, N. (1963) Contrasting economic patterns: Chinese and Soviet development strategies. Soviet Studies 15. 1, 1–16. State Council (1955) Guowuyuan guanyu shizheng liangshi dingliang gongying zanxing banfa de mingling (State Council's order of provisional measures on fixed amount of grain supply in cities and towns). In Legal System Bureau of the State Council (1987), Zhongguo renmin gongheguo xianxing fagui huibian 1949–1985 (Collection of current laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China 1949–85), vol. on Finance and Commerce, Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. State Council (1961) State Council's provisional regulations on improving the deployment and administration of temporary workers. In Legal System Bureau of the State Council (1987), Zhongguo renmin gongheguo xianxing fagui huibian 1949–1985 (Collection of current laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China 1949–85), vol. on Labour and Personnel, Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. State Council and State Statistical Bureau (1985) 1982 population census of China. Zhongguo chubanshe, Beijing. State Statistical Bureau (SSB) (1983a88a) Zhongguo tongji nianjian (Statistical yearbook of China). Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, Beijing. State Statistical Bureau (SSB) (1985b) Zhongguo gongye jingji tongji ziliao (China's industrial economic statistics). Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, Beijing. State Statistical Bureau (SSB) (1986b) Zhongguo he waiguo chengshi tongji ziliao (Chinese and foreign urban statistics). Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, Beijing. State Statistical Bureau (SSB) (1987b) Zhongguo laodong gongzi tongji ziliao, 1949–1985 (Statistical data of China's labour and wages 1949–1985). Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, Beijing. Tang, A.M. (1984) An analytical and empirical investigation of agriculture in mainland China, 1952–1980. Mainland China Economic Series no. 4, Chung-Hua Institute for Economic Research, Taipei. Taylor, J. (1986) Employment and unemployment in China: results from 10-percent sample tabulation of 1982 population census. US Department of Commerce, Foreign Economic Report no. 23, Washington DC. Ullman, E.L. and M.F. Dacey (1962) The minimum requirements approach to the urban economic base. In K. Norborg (ed.), Proceedings of the IGU Symposium on Urban Geography, Lund 1960, 121–43. United Nations. (1980) Pattern of urban and rural population growth. Population Studies no. 68, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York. Van Ness, P. and S. Raichur (1983) Dilemmas of socialist development: an analysis of strategic lines in China, 1949–1981. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 15. 1, 2–15. Wang, H. (1981) Relationship between accumulation and consumption. In H. Ma and S. Sun (eds) Zhongguo jingji jie wenti yanjiu (Research on China's economic structure), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Weisskopf, T.E. (1980) The relevance of the Chinese experience for third world economic development. Theory and Society 4, 283–318. Weitzman, M. (1970) Soviet postwar growth and capital-labour substitution. American Economic Review 60. 4, 676–92. Wen Wei Pao (1988) 25 February, p. 1. Wheelwright, E.L. and B. McFarlane (1970) The Chinese road to socialism. Monthly Review Press, New York. Whitney, J. (1980) East Asia. In G.A. Klee (ed.), World systems of traditional resource management, V.H. Winston, Silver Spring. Whyte, M.K. (1983) Town and country in contemporary China. Comparative Urban Research 10. 1, 9–20. Whyte, M.K. and W.L. Parish (1984) Urban life in contemporary China. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Wilczynski, J. (1972) Socialist economic development and reforms. Macmillan, London. World Bank (1982) World Development Report 1982. Oxford University Press, New York. World Bank (1983a) China: socialist economic development, 1 and 2. The World Bank, Washington DC. World Bank (1983b) World Development Report 1983. The World Bank, Washington DC. World Bank (1985) China: economic structure in international perspective. The World Bank, Washington DC. Wu, C.T. (1987) Chinese socialism and uneven development. In D. Forbes and N. Thrift (eds) (1987), The socialist third world, Blackwell, Oxford. Xue, M. (1980) Danqian woguo jingji de ruogan wenti (Current issues in China's economy). Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Yang, J. and X. Li (1981) Nongqingzhong jigou (The structure of agriculture, light and heavy industries). In H. Ma and S. Sun (eds), Zhongguo jingji jie wenti yanjiu (Research on China's economic structure), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Yu, Z. (1981) Shangye fuwu jigao (Structure of commerce and service). In H. Ma and S. Sun (eds) Zhongguo jingji jie wenti yanjiu (Research on China's economic structure). Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Zhang, Z. (1981) Establishing a rational economic structure and promoting socialist modernization development. In H. Ma and S. Sun (eds), Zhongguo jingji jie wenti yanjiu (Research on China's economic structure), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing. Zheng, G. et al. (1985) Shanghai shiqu renkou wenti chutan (An exploration of the question of circulatory population in Shanghai). Renkou yanjiu 3, 2–7. Zweig, D. (1987) From village to city: reforming urban-rural relations in China. International Regional Science Review 11. 1, 43–58. Citing Literature Volume16, Issue2June 1992Pages 275-305 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Publication Year: 1992
Publication Date: 1992-06-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
Access and Citation
Cited By Count: 87
AI Researcher Chatbot
Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot