Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2160117997', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.7', 'title': 'Biotechnology: A Solution for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology: A Solution for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2160117997', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.7', 'mag': '2160117997', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11887755'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S12740033', 'display_name': 'International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research', 'issn_l': '0300-9831', 'issn': ['0300-9831', '1664-2821'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319871', 'host_organization_name': 'Hogrefe Verlag', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319871'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hogrefe Verlag'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054919977', 'display_name': 'Janet C. King', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-7940'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091898', 'display_name': 'Western Human Nutrition Research Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00dx35m16', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1312222531', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091898', 'https://openalex.org/I4210094889']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01na82s61', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1312222531', 'display_name': 'Agricultural Research Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02d2m2044', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1312222531', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Janet C. King', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091898', 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'https://openalex.org/I1312222531']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5054919977'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091898', 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'https://openalex.org/I1312222531'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.31, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 18, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.348665, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': '72', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '7', 'last_page': '12'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12991', 'display_name': 'Phytase and its Applications', 'score': 0.9546, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12991', 'display_name': 'Phytase and its Applications', 'score': 0.9546, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11418', 'display_name': 'Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects', 'score': 0.9104, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-breeding', 'display_name': 'Plant Breeding', 'score': 0.6089972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biofortification', 'display_name': 'Biofortification', 'score': 0.50511676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trait', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'score': 0.46670437}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7086526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.64013904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155015343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788558', 'display_name': 'Plant breeding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6089972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142796444', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394', 'display_name': 'Nutrient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.576263}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776576667', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864310', 'display_name': 'Biofortification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50511676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48593795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106934330', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46670437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14522933', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507', 'display_name': 'Micronutrient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10768393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09970254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001709', 'descriptor_name': 'Biotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018977', 'descriptor_name': 'Micronutrients', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000493', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacokinetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010945', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants, Edible', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030821', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001682', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Availability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001709', 'descriptor_name': 'Biotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003258', 'descriptor_name': 'Consumer Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003257', 'descriptor_name': 'Consumer Product Safety', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005524', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Technology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017343', 'descriptor_name': 'Genes, Plant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006824', 'descriptor_name': 'Hybridization, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018977', 'descriptor_name': 'Micronutrients', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010945', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants, Edible', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030821', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030821', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014170', 'descriptor_name': 'Transformation, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S12740033', 'display_name': 'International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research', 'issn_l': '0300-9831', 'issn': ['0300-9831', '1664-2821'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319871', 'host_organization_name': 'Hogrefe Verlag', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319871'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hogrefe Verlag'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11887755', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Zero hunger', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.54}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4391071616', 'https://openalex.org/W4386187791', 'https://openalex.org/W4224952595', 'https://openalex.org/W3210812045', 'https://openalex.org/W3135707884', 'https://openalex.org/W3012945479', 'https://openalex.org/W2983034812', 'https://openalex.org/W2944366352', 'https://openalex.org/W2618147998', 'https://openalex.org/W2342363603'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Biotechnology': [0], 'strategies': [1, 17], 'are': [2, 60, 120, 146], 'now': [3], 'available': [4], 'to': [5, 43, 95], 'improve': [6], 'the': [7, 29, 45, 49, 57, 63, 78, 105, 110, 183], 'amount': [8], 'and': [9, 40, 62, 68, 102, 125, 139, 170], 'availability': [10], 'of': [11, 48, 56, 98, 107, 133, 144, 149], 'nutrients': [12], 'in': [13, 28, 117, 122], 'plant': [14, 20, 52, 75, 80, 119], 'crops.': [15], 'Those': [16], 'include': [18], 'simple': [19], 'selection': [21], 'for': [22, 32, 113, 153, 161], 'varieties': [23, 81, 97], 'with': [24, 82, 141], 'high': [25], 'nutrient': [26, 46], 'density': [27], 'seeds,': [30], 'cross-breeding': [31], 'incorporating': [33], 'a': [34, 38, 114, 118, 123, 129], 'desired': [35, 115], 'trait': [36], 'within': [37, 128], 'plant,': [39], 'genetic': [41, 108], 'engineering': [42, 157], 'manipulate': [44], 'content': [47], 'plant.': [50], 'In': [51], 'cross-breeding,': [53], 'all': [54], 'genes': [55], 'parent': [58], 'plants': [59, 84, 152], 'combined': [61], 'progeny': [64], 'have': [65], 'both': [66], 'desirable': [67], 'undesirable': [69, 73], 'traits.': [70], 'To': [71], 'eliminate': [72], 'traits,': [74], 'breeders': [76], '"back-cross"': [77], 'new': [79], 'other': [83], 'over': [85], 'several': [86], 'generations.': [87], 'This': [88], 'technique,': [89], 'called': [90], 'hybridization,': [91], 'has': [92, 158], 'been': [93], 'used': [94], 'create': [96], 'low-phytate': [99], 'corn,': [100], 'barley,': [101], 'rice.': [103], 'Using': [104], 'techniques': [106], 'engineering,': [109], 'gene(s)': [111], 'encoding': [112], 'trait(s)': [116], 'introduced': [121, 181], 'precise': [124], 'controlled': [126], 'manner': [127], 'relatively': [130], 'short': [131], 'period': [132], 'time.': [134], 'Golden': [135], 'rice,': [136], 'containing': [137], 'carotenoids,': [138], 'rice': [140], 'higher': [142], 'amounts': [143], 'iron,': [145], 'two': [147], 'examples': [148], 'genetically': [150], 'engineered': [151], 'improved': [154], 'nutrition.': [155, 163], 'Genetic': [156], 'tremendous': [159], 'potential': [160], 'revolutionizing': [162], 'However,': [164], 'public': [165], 'concerns': [166], 'regarding': [167], 'safety,': [168], 'appearance,': [169], 'ethics': [171], 'must': [172], 'be': [173, 179], 'overcome': [174], 'before': [175], 'these': [176], 'products': [177], 'can': [178], 'effectively': [180], 'into': [182], 'food': [184], 'supply.': [185]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160117997', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T16:14:12.415674', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}