Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2159738765', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/714005092', 'title': 'Differentiation through Service: A Perspective from the Commodity Chemicals Sector', 'display_name': 'Differentiation through Service: A Perspective from the Commodity Chemicals Sector', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2159738765', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/714005092', 'mag': '2159738765'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/714005092', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49331332', 'display_name': 'Service Industries Journal', 'issn_l': '0264-2069', 'issn': ['0264-2069', '1743-9507'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/files/6509168/58418.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057423548', 'display_name': 'Tim Robinson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-646X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'display_name': 'University of Gloucestershire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00wygct11', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Robinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'https://openalex.org/I114203471']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061763639', 'display_name': 'Colin Clarke‐Hill', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'display_name': 'University of Gloucestershire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00wygct11', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C.M. Clarke-Hill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'https://openalex.org/I114203471']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056948427', 'display_name': 'Richard M. Clarkson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'display_name': 'University of Gloucestershire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00wygct11', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Clarkson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Research in Service Gloucestershire Business School Research Executive MORI 95 Southwark Street University of Teesside Middlesborough TS1 3BA UK Pallas House, The Park Cheltenham GL50 2QF London SE1 0HX', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471', 'https://openalex.org/I114203471']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5057423548'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114203471'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.903, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 115, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.957249, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '149', 'last_page': '166'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12786', 'display_name': 'Innovation and Socioeconomic Development', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1403', 'display_name': 'Business and International Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12786', 'display_name': 'Innovation and Socioeconomic Development', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1403', 'display_name': 'Business and International Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10058', 'display_name': 'Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1405', 'display_name': 'Management of Technology and Innovation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10003', 'display_name': 'Innovation and Knowledge Management', 'score': 0.9798, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/product-differentiation', 'display_name': 'Product Differentiation', 'score': 0.49437976}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779439359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088', 'display_name': 'Commodity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6319371}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.57709813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.53534514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.52470434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5198817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58546491', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207', 'display_name': 'Competitive advantage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50860393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33556415', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200129', 'display_name': 'Product differentiation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49437976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780378061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891', 'display_name': 'Service (business)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47903004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46561766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43246008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638', 'display_name': 'Tertiary sector of the economy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44591218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54750564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643', 'display_name': 'Commerce', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32441807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25209498}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10907042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16520705', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799', 'display_name': 'Cournot competition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/714005092', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49331332', 'display_name': 'Service Industries Journal', 'issn_l': '0264-2069', 'issn': ['0264-2069', '1743-9507'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/86c95d2a-0dc1-4942-ab69-c4f44b5fec83', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/files/6509168/58418.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401198', 'display_name': 'TeesRep (Teesside University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I874055015', 'host_organization_name': 'Teesside University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I874055015'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Teesside University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/6509168/58418.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/6509168/58418.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401198', 'display_name': 'TeesRep (Teesside University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I874055015', 'host_organization_name': 'Teesside University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I874055015'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Teesside University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/86c95d2a-0dc1-4942-ab69-c4f44b5fec83', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.tees.ac.uk/files/6509168/58418.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401198', 'display_name': 'TeesRep (Teesside University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I874055015', 'host_organization_name': 'Teesside University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I874055015'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Teesside University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.42, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W122490179', 'https://openalex.org/W1496739362', 'https://openalex.org/W1498750023', 'https://openalex.org/W1527311855', 'https://openalex.org/W1530545349', 'https://openalex.org/W1562620828', 'https://openalex.org/W1944341508', 'https://openalex.org/W1964405087', 'https://openalex.org/W1967472994', 'https://openalex.org/W1976472354', 'https://openalex.org/W1982199281', 'https://openalex.org/W2010172811', 'https://openalex.org/W2024253339', 'https://openalex.org/W2024509488', 'https://openalex.org/W2056683859', 'https://openalex.org/W2060691607', 'https://openalex.org/W2071567132', 'https://openalex.org/W2073733140', 'https://openalex.org/W2076349063', 'https://openalex.org/W2077614959', 'https://openalex.org/W2080723977', 'https://openalex.org/W2133738611', 'https://openalex.org/W2170097952', 'https://openalex.org/W2473284684', 'https://openalex.org/W2499193567', 'https://openalex.org/W2770743842', 'https://openalex.org/W4241901406', 'https://openalex.org/W4243071985', 'https://openalex.org/W4256077321', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4321391139', 'https://openalex.org/W578090980'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W634532267', 'https://openalex.org/W3125456075', 'https://openalex.org/W3124761321', 'https://openalex.org/W2772339267', 'https://openalex.org/W2478484903', 'https://openalex.org/W2378650070', 'https://openalex.org/W2358999127', 'https://openalex.org/W2075263824', 'https://openalex.org/W2051222530', 'https://openalex.org/W1493806007'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'This': [1], 'article': [2, 171], 'examines': [3], 'the': [4, 13, 68, 85, 106, 116, 121, 124, 130, 136, 150, 179], 'role': [5], 'of': [6, 15, 59, 67, 82, 115, 123, 135, 149, 153, 168, 181, 188], 'service': [7, 94], 'as': [8, 56, 159], 'a': [9, 43, 57, 160, 174, 186, 193], 'differentiating': [10], 'factor': [11], 'in': [12, 84, 120, 142, 178, 192], 'marketing': [14, 126], 'commodity': [16, 19, 107, 151], 'chemicals.': [17], 'The': [18, 75, 113, 133, 170], 'chemicals': [20], 'sector': [21, 86, 144, 197], 'is': [22, 46], 'characterised': [23], 'by': [24, 32, 102], 'high': [25, 52], 'volume': [26], 'products': [27], 'that': [28, 45, 93, 173], 'are': [29, 98, 118, 138], 'fundamentally': [30], 'undifferentiable': [31], 'product': [33], 'characteristics,': [34], 'made': [35], 'to': [36, 104, 146, 156], 'an': [37, 79], 'industrial': [38], 'standard': [39], 'often': [40], 'produced': [41], 'with': [42, 51], 'technology': [44], 'common': [47], 'amongst': [48], 'competing': [49], 'producers,': [50], 'exit': [53], 'cost': [54, 157, 195], 'due': [55], 'result': [58], 'extensive': [60], 'capital': [61], 'investment.': [62], 'In': [63], 'addition': [64], 'many': [65], 'segments': [66], 'market': [69], 'exhibit': [70], 'excess': [71], 'supply': [72, 89], 'over': [73], 'demand.': [74], 'research,': [76], 'based': [77], 'on': [78], 'empirical': [80], 'study': [81, 117], 'companies': [83, 103], 'and': [87, 95, 109, 128], 'their': [88], 'chain': [90], 'relationships,': [91], 'suggests': [92], 'relationship': [96, 182], 'management': [97, 183], 'key': [99], 'strategies': [100], 'used': [101], 'escape': [105], 'trap': [108, 152], 'gain': [110], 'competitive': [111], 'advantage.': [112], 'results': [114], 'discussed': [119], 'context': [122, 180], 'services': [125], 'continuum': [127], 'using': [129], 'servitisation': [131, 175], 'model.': [132], 'implications': [134], 'findings': [137], 'that,': [139], 'if': [140], 'firms': [141], 'this': [143], 'wish': [145], 'break': [147], 'out': [148], 'blind': [154], 'allegiance': [155], 'leadership': [158], 'generic': [161], 'strategy,': [162], 'then': [163], 'they': [164], 'must': [165], 'seek': [166], 'methods': [167], 'differentiation.': [169], 'concludes': [172], 'strategy': [176], 'placed': [177], 'can': [184], 'be': [185], 'means': [187], 'creating': [189], 'differentiation': [190], 'advantage': [191], 'traditionally': [194], 'orientated': [196]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159738765', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T14:37:28.306355', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}