Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2159725793', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.669', 'title': 'An Application of Six Sigma to Reduce Waste', 'display_name': 'An Application of Six Sigma to Reduce Waste', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-01-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2159725793', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.669', 'mag': '2159725793'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.669', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165633816', 'display_name': 'Quality and Reliability Engineering International', 'issn_l': '0748-8017', 'issn': ['0748-8017', '1099-1638'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/36128/1/QREI.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017767671', 'display_name': 'Ricardo Bañuelas', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'display_name': 'University of Warwick', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a77tt86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ricardo Bañuelas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Warwick Manufacturing Group, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Warwick Manufacturing Group, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057782868', 'display_name': 'Jiju Antony', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-5736'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I195939026', 'display_name': 'Glasgow Caledonian University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dvm1235', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiju Antony', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Management, Caledonian Business School, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Management, Caledonian Business School, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064145454', 'display_name': 'Martin Brace', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210127762', 'display_name': 'Coventry (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/030nd5313', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127762']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin Brace', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['3M, Coventry, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '3M, Coventry, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127762']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5057782868'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4330, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4330, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.028, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 141, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.970555, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '553', 'last_page': '570'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10164', 'display_name': 'Quality and Supply Management', 'score': 0.9527, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1404', 'display_name': 'Management Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10164', 'display_name': 'Quality and Supply Management', 'score': 0.9527, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1404', 'display_name': 'Management Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dmaic', 'display_name': 'DMAIC', 'score': 0.8165557}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma', 'display_name': 'Sigma', 'score': 0.6097529}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23119410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908', 'display_name': 'Six Sigma', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9807188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205400985', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380179', 'display_name': 'DMAIC', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8165557}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161272170', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289076', 'display_name': 'Design for Six Sigma', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6635759}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778049214', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234', 'display_name': 'Sigma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6097529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50630796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41640145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117671659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3985868}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195094911', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904', 'display_name': 'Process management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38971823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36994237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.075650215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137335462', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772', 'display_name': 'Lean manufacturing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.669', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165633816', 'display_name': 'Quality and Reliability Engineering International', 'issn_l': '0748-8017', 'issn': ['0748-8017', '1099-1638'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/36128/1/QREI.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/36128/1/QREI.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402226', 'display_name': 'Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181647926', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Strathclyde', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Strathclyde'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/36128/1/QREI.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/36128/1/QREI.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402226', 'display_name': 'Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181647926', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Strathclyde', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Strathclyde'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 18, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W112254741', 'https://openalex.org/W1964957825', 'https://openalex.org/W1973365150', 'https://openalex.org/W1977283419', 'https://openalex.org/W1982775699', 'https://openalex.org/W2006349227', 'https://openalex.org/W2042418169', 'https://openalex.org/W2088340686', 'https://openalex.org/W2296748609', 'https://openalex.org/W2752128027', 'https://openalex.org/W2752719613', 'https://openalex.org/W2884184497', 'https://openalex.org/W2945314055', 'https://openalex.org/W30531105', 'https://openalex.org/W4243556880', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4301861892', 'https://openalex.org/W578328133'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4366660503', 'https://openalex.org/W4242495059', 'https://openalex.org/W4210812602', 'https://openalex.org/W2398331833', 'https://openalex.org/W2276970105', 'https://openalex.org/W2171023662', 'https://openalex.org/W2164586163', 'https://openalex.org/W2144765806', 'https://openalex.org/W2136408078', 'https://openalex.org/W2042115073'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Six': [1, 44, 60, 70, 77, 103, 124, 139], 'Sigma': [2, 45, 61, 71, 78, 104, 125, 140], 'has': [3, 73], 'been': [4, 74, 83, 90, 143], 'considered': [5], 'a': [6, 12, 40, 95, 109], 'powerful': [7], 'business': [8, 27], 'strategy': [9], 'that': [10], 'employs': [11], 'well‐structured': [13], 'continuous': [14], 'improvement': [15], 'methodology': [16, 72, 126, 141], 'to': [17, 52, 105, 145], 'reduce': [18, 106], 'process': [19], 'variability': [20], 'and': [21, 35, 80, 85, 121, 135], 'drive': [22], 'out': [23], 'waste': [24, 107], 'within': [25, 137], 'the': [26, 63, 69, 87, 99, 117, 123, 138], 'processes': [28], 'using': [29], 'effective': [30, 100], 'application': [31], 'of': [32, 43, 59, 102], 'statistical': [33], 'tools': [34, 79, 134], 'techniques.': [36], 'Although': [37], 'there': [38, 50], 'is': [39], 'wider': [41], 'acceptance': [42], 'in': [46, 62, 108, 114], 'many': [47], 'organizations': [48], 'today,': [49], 'appears': [51], 'be': [53], 'virtually': [54], 'no': [55], 'in‐depth': [56], 'case': [57, 96], 'study': [58, 97], 'existing': [64], 'literature.': [65], 'This': [66, 92], 'involves': [67], 'how': [68, 76, 86, 116, 122, 132], 'used,': [75], 'techniques': [81, 136], 'have': [82, 89, 142], 'applied': [84], 'benefits': [88], 'generated.': [91], 'paper': [93], 'presents': [94], 'illustrating': [98], 'use': [101], 'coating': [110], 'process.': [111], 'It': [112, 129], 'describes': [113], 'detail': [115], 'project': [118], 'was': [119, 127], 'selected': [120], 'applied.': [128], 'also': [130], 'shows': [131], 'various': [133], 'employed': [144], 'achieve': [146], 'substantial': [147], 'financial': [148], 'benefits.': [149], 'Copyright': [150], '©': [151], '2005': [152], 'John': [153], 'Wiley': [154], '&': [155], 'Sons,': [156], 'Ltd.': [157]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159725793', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T16:13:18.107561', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}