Publication Information

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2703, 2720, 2731, 2800, 2817, 2868, 2891, 3663, 3779, 3790, 4085, 4197, 4400, 4414], 'derived': [72, 310, 2278, 2293], 'from': [73, 311, 765, 785, 875, 1129, 1202, 1504, 1772, 2249, 2279, 2294, 2426, 2552, 2790, 2999, 3141, 3490, 3718, 3727, 4260], 'a': [74, 162, 272, 353, 362, 371, 402, 414, 429, 612, 623, 731, 760, 832, 891, 913, 961, 983, 1040, 1076, 1091, 1101, 1281, 1289, 1435, 1463, 1619, 1714, 1718, 1734, 1747, 1889, 1960, 1991, 2007, 2118, 2123, 2460, 2468, 2538, 2774, 3005, 3115, 3158, 3251, 3346, 3457, 3480, 3493, 3605, 3619, 4048, 4294, 4464, 4472], 'particular': [75, 218, 1077], 'mode': [76], 'medical': [78, 415, 3742], 'therapy': [79, 510, 532, 1217, 1241, 2226, 2390, 2449, 2477, 2493, 2884, 3107, 4145], 'against': [80], 'certain': [81], 'risks': [82, 1023], 'inherent': [83], 'with': [84, 276, 1061, 1075, 1090, 1110, 1280, 1294, 1514, 1713, 1775, 2245, 2253, 2406, 2445, 2456, 2617, 2643, 2781, 2832, 3035, 3180, 3299, 3332, 3345, 3373, 3448, 3522, 3530, 3565, 3570, 3635, 3640, 3666, 3684, 3687, 3736, 3984, 3998, 4017, 4034, 4047, 4275, 4300, 4416, 4469], 'therapy.': [86, 553, 1507, 2153, 3415], 'However,': [87, 947, 1529, 1571, 1608, 1659, 2343], 'guidelines': [89, 101, 141, 192, 226, 245, 304, 387, 424, 459, 493, 523, 1150, 1164], 'not': [91, 103, 183, 339, 443, 940, 1084, 1725, 1856, 1867, 1907, 1918, 1950, 2514, 2763, 2841, 2857, 2867, 3711, 3789, 3817, 3916, 4348], 'intended': [92, 389, 519], 'as': [93, 260, 601, 1259, 1346, 1434, 1635, 1733, 1817, 1864, 1953, 1959, 2260, 2323, 2381, 2400, 2988, 3114, 3128, 4067], 'absolute': [94], 'requirements.': [95, 2134], 'use': [97, 520, 1136, 1793, 1982, 2060, 2362, 2464, 2473, 3110, 3124, 3402, 3437, 3531, 3566, 3636], 'these': [99, 138, 244, 336, 386, 455, 522, 1804, 2369], 'does': [102], 'any': [105, 110, 502, 1206, 1211], 'way': [106], 'project': [107], 'or': [108, 115, 410, 418, 976, 1058, 1107, 1200, 1252, 1717, 1861, 1925, 2122, 2167, 2202, 2352, 2358, 2364, 2537, 2679, 3020, 3379, 3814, 3879, 3924, 3971, 4000, 4105, 4191, 4193, 4329, 4396], 'guarantee': [109], 'specific': [111, 3081], 'benefit': [112, 1503, 1771, 2789, 4359], 'outcome': [114, 895, 1777, 2511, 3071, 3488, 3717], 'survival.': [116], 'judgment': [118], 'professional': [122], 'individual': [125, 516], 'circumstances': [126], 'must': [130], 'always': [131, 1536], 'take': [132], 'precedence': [133], 'over': [134, 2337, 3405], 'recommendations': [136, 144, 1099], 'guidelines.': [139, 449], 'offer': [142], 'basic': [143], 'that': [145, 243, 258, 907, 1134, 1439, 1520, 1746, 1761, 1835, 2076, 2094, 2117, 2187, 2419, 2430, 2833, 2881, 2969, 3008, 3187, 3303, 3312, 3648, 3803, 4080, 4263, 4389], 'supported': [147], 'review': [149, 1124, 4474], 'analysis': [151, 265, 879], 'current': [154, 300, 423], 'literature,': [155, 2244], 'other': [156, 503, 671, 1097, 2011, 2338], 'national': [157], 'international': [159, 1542], 'blend': [163], 'expert': [165, 1006, 1459, 1831, 2108, 2708, 3760, 4123, 4385], 'opinion': [166], 'practicality.': [169], 'population': [171, 1343], 'patients': [175, 435, 1287, 1480, 1499, 1594, 1609, 1762, 1786, 2037, 2064, 2282, 2347, 2443, 2522, 2573, 2615, 3410, 3647, 3903, 4096, 4419, 4437, 4476], 'an': [177, 221, 643, 655, 1184, 1599, 1615, 1704, 1839, 2265, 2578, 2712, 2803, 3129, 3306], 'intensive': [178, 587], 'unit': [180], '(ICU)': [181], 'homogeneous.': [184], 'Many': [185, 1623], 'studies': [188, 293, 331, 764, 935, 954, 1759, 2034, 2839, 3477, 3729, 3943], 'which': [190, 347, 617, 1286, 1377, 2594, 3659, 3946], 'limited': [196, 697, 2175], 'sample': [198], 'size,': [199], 'heterogeneity,': [201], 'variability': [202], 'disease': [204, 1442, 1590, 1673, 3050, 3100, 3978], 'severity,': [205, 1443], 'lack': [206], 'baseline': [208, 1556, 1584], 'status,': [210, 1633], 'insufficient': [212], 'statistical': [213], 'power': [214], 'analysis.': [216], 'This': [217], 'report': [219], 'update': [222], 'expansion': [224], 'published': [227, 332, 761, 2119, 2164, 2241], '2009.1': [233], 'Governing': [234], 'bodies': [235], 'mandated': [242], 'updated': [247, 458, 3307], 'every': [248, 1050], '3–5': [249], 'years.': [250], 'database': [252], 'randomized': [254], 'controlled': [255], 'trials': [256, 787, 3152, 3194, 3245, 4269, 4292], '(RCTs)': [257], 'served': [259], 'platform': [262], 'literature': [268, 315, 349, 373, 628, 3799], 'was': [269, 327, 350, 375, 569, 667, 696, 759, 834, 896, 908, 967, 979, 997, 1002, 1013, 1053, 1067, 1119, 1197, 1344, 2438, 2450, 2494, 2549, 3174, 3230, 3288, 3343, 3660, 3682], 'assembled': [270], 'joint': [273], '"harmonization': [274], 'process"': [275], 'Canadian': [278], 'group.': [281], 'Once': [282], 'completed,': [283], 'each': [284, 738, 804, 904, 1033], 'group': [285, 990, 1047, 1544], 'operated': [286], 'separately': [287], 'its': [289, 1979, 2048], 'interpretation': [290], 'derivation': [295], 'guideline': [297], 'recommendations.2': [298], 'included': [305, 340, 444, 630, 709, 786, 816], 'this': [307, 334, 342, 1086, 1117, 1368, 2876], 'paper': [308], 'were': [309, 338, 425, 442, 578, 618, 676, 749, 768, 788, 829, 880, 936, 955, 1205, 1679, 2506, 2513, 2574, 2583, 3563, 3710], 'data': [312, 337, 714, 720, 784, 874, 2425, 3140, 4259], 'obtained': [313, 2555], 'via': [314, 4352], 'searches': [316, 577], 'authors': [319, 543, 1074, 1181], 'through': [320, 654, 2159], 'December': [321, 659], '31,': [322, 660], '2013.': [323], 'Although': [324, 1675, 4314], 'committee': [326, 555, 1051, 1214], 'aware': [328], 'landmark': [330, 364], 'after': [333, 3186, 3302], 'date,': [335, 1801], 'manuscript.': [343, 382], 'process': [345], 'evaluated': [351, 897, 3780], 'necessitated': [352], 'common': [354], 'end': [355, 656, 3103], 'date': [356, 657], 'search': [359, 374, 629, 645, 649], 'review.': [360], 'Adding': [361], 'last-minute': [363], 'trial': [365], 'would': [366, 1135], 'introduced': [368], 'bias': [369], 'unless': [370, 2006], 'formalized': [372], 'reconducted': [376], 'sections': [379], 'target': [384, 2394, 2530], 'adult': [393, 705], '(≥18': [394], 'years)': [395], 'expected': [399], 'require': [401, 1618, 3412], 'length': [403], 'stay': [405], '(LOS)': [406], 'greater': [407, 3043, 3977, 4018, 4049, 4057], 'than': [408, 1785, 2235, 2291, 2690, 2757, 3668, 3996, 4360], '2': [409, 574, 711, 780, 2417, 3592], '3': [411, 1310], 'days': [412, 4026, 4033], 'ICU': [416, 420, 1484, 1616, 1914, 2036, 2186, 2521, 2579, 2591, 2646, 3238, 3515, 3679, 3827, 3849, 3994, 4010, 4203], '(MICU)': [417], 'surgical': [419, 469, 3950], '(SICU).': [421], 'expanded': [426, 456], 'include': [428, 460, 1838, 2196, 3028, 3109], 'number': [430, 930, 4019, 4050, 4058], 'additional': [432], 'subsets': [433, 470], 'who': [436, 2901, 3411, 4107, 4438], 'met': [437, 2420, 2765, 3313, 3649, 4264], 'above': [439], 'criteria': [440, 2423, 3316], 'but': [441, 500, 939, 2509, 3278], 'previous': [447, 3137, 3518], '2009': [448, 840], 'Specific': [450], 'populations': [452, 3461], 'addressed': [453], 'organ': [461, 3075], 'failure': [462, 3283], '(pulmonary,': [463], 'renal,': [464], 'liver),': [466], 'acute': [467, 3473], 'pancreatitis,': [468, 602], '(trauma,': [471], 'traumatic': [472], 'brain': [473], 'injury': [474], '[TBI],': [475], 'open': [476], 'abdomen': [477], '[OA],': [478], 'burns),': [480], 'sepsis,': [481, 603, 4444], 'postoperative': [482, 3851], 'major': [483, 3018, 3470], 'surgery,': [484, 3471], 'chronic': [485], 'ill,': [487, 584], 'obese.': [491], 'directed': [495, 2451, 2495], 'toward': [496, 2610, 3160], 'generalized': [497], 'populations,': [499, 3773], 'like': [501], 'management': [504, 549], 'strategy': [505, 1369, 1438], 'ICU,': [508, 1450, 1977, 3297], 'should': [511, 1949, 2143, 2361, 2383, 2686, 2702, 2799, 2866, 3778, 3788, 4399], 'tailored': [513], 'patient.': [517], 'providers': [528], 'involved': [529], 'ill—primarily,': [536], 'physicians,': [537, 564], 'nurses,': [538, 565], 'dietitians,': [539], 'pharmacists.': [541], 'compiled': [544], 'questions': [546], 'reflecting': [547], 'key': [548, 809], 'issues': [550, 2455], 'A': [554, 863, 1008, 1146, 1157, 1985, 2516, 3189, 3240, 4056], 'experts': [558, 1128], 'pharmacists,': [566], 'dietitians': [568], 'jointly': [570], 'convened': [571], 'societies.': [575], 'Literature': [576], 'then': [579, 619, 909], 'performed': [580, 1477], 'using': [581, 646, 969, 1857, 2334], 'keywords': [582], '(critically': [583], 'critical': [585, 1405, 1518, 1870, 1875, 2725, 2872, 3463, 4430], 'care,': [586, 588], 'nutrition,': [589], 'enteral,': [590], 'parenteral,': [591], 'tube': [592, 4178], 'feeding,': [593], 'those': [595, 615, 1498, 1709, 3997, 4093, 4106], 'related': [596, 2309, 3855], 'assigned': [598], 'topics,': [599], 'etc)': [604], 'evaluate': [606, 1631], 'quality': [608, 724, 773, 964], 'evidence': [610, 758, 776, 781, 889, 959, 966, 1020, 1796, 3807], 'supporting': [611, 812, 1038, 2739, 2957], 'response': [613, 1292, 1387, 1894], 'questions,': [616], 'used': [620, 677, 769, 1629, 1687, 1952, 2014, 2081, 2130, 2523, 2818, 2869], 'derive': [622], 'subsequent': [624], 'treatment': [625], 'recommendation.': [626, 1063, 1078], 'MEDLINE,': [631], 'PubMed,': [632], 'Cochrane': [633], 'Database': [634], 'Systemic': [636], 'Reviews,': [637], 'National': [639], 'Guideline': [640], 'Clearinghouse,': [641], 'Internet': [644], 'Google': [648], 'engine': [650], 'scholarly': [652], 'articles': [653, 700], '2013': [661], '(including': [662], 'ePub': [663], 'publications).': [664], 'While': [665, 1028, 1791, 2416, 2544, 3475], 'preference': [666], 'given': [668, 892, 1978], 'RCTs,': [670, 710], 'forms': [672, 716], 'resource': [674], 'material': [675], 'support': [679, 1338, 1360, 1425, 2883, 3414, 3596], 'response,': [681, 3097], 'including': [682, 3465, 4248], 'nonrandomized': [683, 1758], 'cohort': [684], 'trials,': [685], 'prospective': [686, 1757], 'observational': [687, 934, 953, 977], 'studies,': [688], 'retrospective': [690, 1682, 4473], 'case': [691], 'series.': [692], 'Use': [693], 'publications': [695], 'full-text': [699], 'available': [701, 757, 958, 980, 1019, 1732, 2087, 2842], 'English': [703], 'humans.': [706], 'For': [707, 2747], 'readers': [712], 'completed': [713, 1182], 'abstraction': [715], '(DAFs)': [717], 'examining': [718], 'assessing': [722], 'research': [727], 'methodology': [728, 868], 'produce': [730], 'shared': [732], 'evaluation': [733, 1582, 1840, 2714], 'achieved': [734, 1409], 'consensus': [736, 986, 1066, 1093, 1543, 4124], 'study': [739, 978, 2442, 2457, 2469, 2518, 2572, 2606, 2614], '(example': [740], 'DAF': [742], 'provided': [743, 920, 1036, 2373, 2439, 4435], 'online': [745, 823, 923, 1155], 'supplemental': [746, 2205], 'material).': [747], 'DAFs': [748], 'constructed': [750], 'only': [751, 957, 1660, 2331, 2571, 3911], 'RCTs.': [753], 'When': [754, 973], 'strongest': [756], 'meta-analysis,': [762], 'meta-analysis': [767, 833, 3149, 3191, 3242, 3308, 3599], 'determine': [771, 1668, 1968, 2016, 2083, 2132, 2144], 'assessed': [778], 'assessors.': [782], 'entered': [789], 'into': [790, 2027], 'Review': [791, 877], 'Manager': [792, 878], '5.2': [793], 'software': [794], 'create': [796], 'forest': [797, 810, 827], 'plots': [798, 811, 828], 'aggregating': [799], 'effect': [801, 3482, 3489], 'size': [802], 'intervention': [805, 893], 'outcome.3': [807], 'recommendation': [814, 1001, 1009, 1034, 1081, 2462], 'throughout': [817, 1363], 'text': [819], 'appendix.': [824, 924, 1156], 'No': [825], 'new': [826, 3745], 'created': [830, 903], 'when': [831, 2086, 2251, 2387, 2836, 3172, 3227, 3285, 3781, 4027], 'evaluated.': [835], 'Since': [836], 'release': [837, 2936], 'Guidelines,': [845], 'concepts': [847], 'Grading': [850], 'Recommendations,': [852], 'Assessment,': [853, 1639], 'Development': [854], 'Evaluation': [856], '(GRADE)': [857], 'Working': [858], 'Group': [859], 'been': [861, 870, 1315, 1512, 1537, 1560, 1686, 2240, 3874, 3989, 4013], 'adopted.456-7': [862], 'full': [864, 1041, 1620, 3692], 'description': [865], 'has': [869, 1370, 1535, 3873, 4012], 'previously': [871], 'published.4': [872], 'uploaded': [881], 'GRADEPro': [883], 'software,8': [884], 'where': [885, 952], 'body': [887, 1357, 2017, 2328, 2366, 2745], 'overall': [899], 'quality.': [900], 'One': [901, 3148, 3598], 'analyst': [902], 'GRADE': [905, 917, 945, 970], 'table': [906], 'independently': [910], 'confirmed': [911], 'second': [914, 2517, 3190], 'analyst.': [915], 'tables': [918], 'Due': [925], 'inordinately': [928], 'large': [929], 'RCTs': [932, 1693, 3142, 3311, 3455, 4262], 'evaluated,': [933], 'reviewed': [938, 968], 'utilized': [941], 'construct': [943], 'tables.': [946], 'few': [950, 3476], 'cases': [951], 'population,': [962], 'their': [963, 1809, 2640], '(Table': [971], '1).': [972], 'no': [974, 1198, 1250, 2256, 2288, 2507, 2550, 3279, 3586, 4241, 4325], 'RCT': [975, 4225], 'answer': [982], 'question': [984], 'directly,': [985], 'author': [989, 1030, 1046], 'best': [993, 1018], 'approach': [996], 'used,': [998], 'designated': [1003], '"based': [1004], 'consensus."': [1007], 'small': [1029, 4212, 4230, 4276, 4315, 4332, 4342, 4366, 4378], 'teams': [1031], 'developed': [1032], 'rationale,': [1039], 'discussion': [1042], 'entire': [1045], 'followed,': [1048], 'member': [1052], 'polled': [1054], 'anonymously': [1055], 'his': [1057], 'her': [1059], 'agreement': [1060, 1072, 1104], 'Achievement': [1064], 'arbitrarily': [1068], 'set': [1069], 'at': [1070, 1210, 1610, 1699, 1710, 1763, 1787, 1973, 2176, 2984, 4097, 4450], '70%': [1071], 'Only': [1079], '1': [1080, 3691], '(H3a)': [1082], 'did': [1083], 'meet': [1085, 2393, 2529], 'level': [1087, 1102, 4082, 4164], 'agreement,': [1089], 'final': [1092], '64%.': [1095], 'All': [1096, 1180, 1592], 'consensus-based': [1098], 'reached': [1100], '80%': [1106], 'higher.': [1108], 'As': [1109, 3049], 'manuscript': [1118], 'subjected': [1120], 'rigorous': [1122], 'peer': [1123], 'content': [1127], 'disciplines': [1133], 'internal': [1140], 'external': [1142], 'organizations.': [1145], 'summary': [1147], 'presented': [1152, 1176], 'bundle': [1159], 'top': [1163], '(as': [1165], 'voted': [1166], 'committee)': [1170], 'bedside': [1173, 1974], 'practitioner': [1174], 'Table': [1178], '2.': [1179], 'conflict-of-interest': [1188], 'form': [1189, 2887], 'copyright': [1191], 'assignment': [1192], 'financial': [1194], 'disclosure.': [1195], 'There': [1196], 'input': [1199], 'funding': [1201], 'industry,': [1203], 'nor': [1204], 'industry': [1207], 'representatives': [1208], 'present': [1209], 'meetings.': [1215], 'Nutrition': [1216, 1568], 'refers': [1218, 1243], 'specifically': [1219], 'provision': [1222, 1245, 2719, 2767, 2824, 2864, 3319], 'either': [1224], 'enteral': [1225, 1229, 1430, 2770, 3061, 3126, 3382, 3390, 4214, 4344], '(EN)': [1227, 3384, 3392, 3750], 'access': [1230, 4215, 4345], 'device': [1231, 4346], 'and/or': [1232, 4408], 'parenteral': [1233, 3752], '(PN)': [1235], 'central': [1237, 3501], 'venous': [1238], 'access.': [1239], 'Standard': [1240], '(STD)': [1242], 'intravenous': [1247], '(IV)': [1248], 'fluids,': [1249], 'EN': [1251, 1506, 1774, 1822, 2525, 2783, 2890, 2914, 2948, 3085, 3106, 3173, 3184, 3229, 3287, 3300, 3322, 3342, 3376, 3378, 3404, 3438, 3446, 3491, 3521, 3568, 3667, 3685, 3931, 3958, 4043, 4068, 4138, 4144, 4232, 4302, 4317, 4351, 4398, 4412, 4432], 'PN,': [1253], 'advancement': [1255], 'oral': [1257], 'diet': [1258], 'tolerated.': [1260], 'significance': [1262], 'hospital': [1267, 2281, 3078, 3215, 3548], 'setting': [1268, 1617, 2874, 3828, 4392], '(especially': [1269], 'ICU)': [1271], 'cannot': [1272], 'overstated.': [1274], 'Critical': [1275], 'illness': [1276, 1406, 1519], 'typically': [1278], 'associated': [1279, 1513, 3344, 4468], 'catabolic': [1282], 'stress': [1283, 1365, 3092, 3133], 'state': [1284], 'demonstrate': [1288], 'systemic': [1290, 3040, 3095], 'inflammatory': [1291], 'coupled': [1293], 'complications': [1295, 3535, 3625], 'increased': [1297, 2641, 3029, 4065, 4451], 'infectious': [1298, 3203, 3361, 3396, 3496, 3528, 3624, 3755], 'morbidity,': [1299], 'multiple-organ': [1300, 3046, 3282], 'dysfunction,': [1301], 'prolonged': [1302], 'hospitalization,': [1303], 'disproportionate': [1305], 'mortality.': [1306, 3388], 'Over': [1307], 'past': [1309], 'decades,': [1311], 'exponential': [1312], 'advances': [1313], 'made': [1316], 'understanding': [1319], 'molecular': [1322], 'biological': [1324], 'effects': [1325, 3444], 'nutrients': [1327], 'maintaining': [1329, 2743, 2923, 2953], 'homeostasis': [1330], 'population.': [1335], 'Traditionally,': [1336], 'regarded': [1345], 'adjunctive': [1347], 'designed': [1349], 'provide': [1351, 2479, 4357], 'exogenous': [1352], 'fuels': [1353], 'preserve': [1355], 'lean': [1356, 2744], 'mass': [1358, 1966, 2959, 3868], 'response.': [1366], 'Recently,': [1367], 'evolved': [1371], 'represent': [1373, 1909], 'therapy,': [1375, 1426, 2230], 'feeding': [1379, 3064, 3723, 4177, 4362], 'thought': [1381], 'help': [1383], 'attenuate': [1384, 3099], 'metabolic': [1386, 3844], 'stress,': [1389], 'prevent': [1390, 2459], 'oxidative': [1391], 'cellular': [1392], 'injury,': [1393, 3469], 'favorably': [1395, 1452, 3069], 'modulate': [1396, 3091], 'immune': [1397, 2740, 3096], 'responses.': [1398], 'Improvement': [1399], 'course': [1403], 'may': [1407, 1440, 1807, 2020, 2066, 2156, 2173, 2409, 2788, 2816, 3108, 3731, 3975, 4063, 4072, 4153, 4196, 4356, 4413], 'early': [1411, 1423, 1505, 1773, 2889, 3144, 3228, 3286, 3321, 3341, 3375, 4350], 'EN,': [1412, 3325, 3387, 3395, 3783], 'appropriate': [1413, 2413], 'macro-': [1414], 'micronutrient': [1416], 'delivery,': [1417, 4252], 'meticulous': [1419], 'glycemic': [1420, 3739], 'control.': [1421], 'Delivering': [1422], 'primarily': [1427], 'route,': [1431], 'seen': [1433, 2489, 3564], 'proactive': [1436], 'therapeutic': [1437], 'reduce': [1441], 'diminish': [1444, 3732], 'complications,': [1445, 1782], 'decrease': [1446, 4154], 'LOS': [1447, 2647, 3216, 3549, 3680, 3707, 4011, 4330], 'impact': [1453, 1550, 3070], 'outcomes.': [1455], 'A1.': [1456], 'Based': [1457, 1829, 2106, 2706, 3758, 4121, 4383], 'consensus,': [1460, 1832, 2109, 2709, 3761, 4386], 'we': [1461, 1833, 2115, 2710, 3762, 4125, 4387], 'suggest': [1462, 1834, 1855, 2075, 2116, 2711, 3400, 3763, 4126, 4388], 'determination': [1464], 'risk': [1467, 1470, 1496, 1573, 1613, 1691, 1766, 1851, 3038, 4099, 4296, 4320, 4452], '(eg,': [1468, 2207, 2813, 2941, 3877], 'nutritional': [1469], 'screening': [1471, 1624], '[NRS': [1472], '2002],': [1473], 'NUTRIC': [1474, 1666, 1719, 1738, 1748], 'score)': [1475], 'admitted': [1481], 'whom': [1486], 'volitional': [1487, 2906], 'intake': [1488, 2433, 2701], 'anticipated': [1490], 'insufficient.': [1493], 'High': [1494], 'identifies': [1497], 'most': [1500, 2177, 2733, 2748, 3486, 3505, 4129], 'likely': [1501, 1769, 3067], 'Rationale:': [1508, 1872, 2141, 2722, 2913, 3423, 3797, 4142, 4425], 'Poor': [1509], 'outcomes': [1510, 4245], 'inflammation': [1515], 'generated': [1516], 'leads': [1521], 'deterioration': [1523], 'status': [1526, 1558, 1586, 1671, 1911, 1924], 'malnutrition.9': [1528], 'malnutrition': [1530], 'difficult': [1538, 2634], 'define.': [1540], 'An': [1541], 'modified': [1545], 'definitions': [1546], 'recognize': [1548], 'inflammation.': [1552], 'Objective': [1553], 'measures': [1554], 'described': [1561], 'Academy': [1566], 'Dietetics.10,11': [1570], 'easily': [1575, 2764], 'defined': [1576, 1702, 3876], 'more': [1578, 1768, 2262, 2289, 2412, 2598, 2689, 3066, 4358], 'readily': [1579], 'determined': [1580, 2533, 4198], 'assessment': [1588, 1626, 1837, 1921, 2805], 'severity.': [1591, 1674], 'hospitalized': [1593], 'required': [1596, 3791, 3818], 'undergo': [1598], 'initial': [1600, 3961], 'screen': [1602], 'within': [1603, 2893, 3014, 3176, 3234, 3290, 3959, 4167, 4202], '48': [1604, 3177], 'hours': [1605, 2895, 3015, 3236, 3292, 3963], 'admission.': [1607], 'higher': [1611, 2431, 2756, 3621], 'assessment.': [1622], 'tools': [1627, 2024], 'Mini': [1637], 'Nutritional': [1638, 1647], 'Malnutrition': [1641, 1651], 'Universal': [1642], 'Screening': [1643, 1652], 'Tool,': [1644, 1653], 'Short': [1646], 'Assessment': [1648, 2041], 'Questionnaire,': [1649], 'Subjective': [1656], 'Global': [1657], 'Assessment.12': [1658], 'NRS': [1662, 1705], '2002': [1663, 1706], 'score': [1667, 1715, 1720, 1749], 'scoring': [1677, 1805], 'systems': [1678, 1806], 'analysis,': [1683], 'they': [1684, 1865], 'define': [1689], 'patients.131415-16': [1697], 'Patients': [1698, 2780, 3983], '"risk"': [1700], '>3': [1707], '"high': [1711], 'risk"': [1712], '≥5': [1716, 1721, 1750], '(if': [1722], 'interleukin-6': [1723], 'included,': [1726], 'otherwise': [1727], '>6).1314151617-18': [1728], 'Interleukin-6': [1729], 'rarely': [1731], 'component': [1735], 'score;': [1739], 'therefore,': [1740], 'Heyland': [1741, 3154], 'et': [1742, 3155, 3197, 3248, 3579, 4238], 'al': [1743, 3156, 3198, 3249, 4239], 'shown': [1745, 3479, 3661, 3990, 4014, 4109], 'still': [1751, 1946, 2039, 2046, 2056], 'indicates': [1752], 'high': [1753, 1764, 2775, 3889, 4098], 'risk.19': [1755], 'Two': [1756], 'show': [1760], 'improved': [1776, 4272], '(reduced': [1778], 'nosocomial': [1779], 'infection,': [1780, 3041, 3074], 'total': [1781], 'mortality)': [1784], 'low': [1788], 'risk.13,18': [1790], 'widespread': [1792], 'supportive': [1795], 'somewhat': [1798], 'lacking': [1799], 'improvement': [1802], 'increase': [1808, 4016], 'applicability': [1810, 2054, 2170], 'future': [1813, 2023, 3735], 'providing': [1815, 3084], 'guidance': [1816], 'role': [1820], 'PN': [1824, 2527, 3406, 3449, 3523, 3571, 3638, 3669, 3688], 'ICU.': [1827, 3968], 'A2.': [1828], 'comorbid': [1842], 'conditions,': [1843], 'function': [1844, 2044, 3810], 'gastrointestinal': [1847], '(GI)': [1848], 'tract,': [1849], 'aspiration.': [1853], 'We': [1854, 2074, 2879, 3399, 4078], 'traditional': [1858, 1879, 2510], 'indicators': [1860], 'surrogate': [1862, 1954], 'markers,': [1863], 'validated': [1868, 2058, 2858], 'care.': [1871], 'In': [1873, 2467, 2723, 3424, 3642, 4221, 4471], 'setting,': [1877, 2727], 'serum': [1880], 'protein': [1881, 1903, 1935, 2437, 2601, 2700, 2718, 2728, 2752, 2791, 2797, 2809, 2823, 2830, 2850, 2863], 'markers': [1882, 2851], '(albumin,': [1883, 2852], 'prealbumin,': [1884, 2853], 'transferrin,': [1885, 2854], 'retinol-binding': [1886], 'protein)': [1887], 'reflection': [1890], 'acute-phase': [1893], '(increases': [1895], 'vascular': [1897], 'permeability': [1898, 2998, 3026, 3056], 'reprioritization': [1900], 'hepatic': [1902], 'synthesis)': [1904], 'do': [1906, 3915], 'accurately': [1908], 'setting.20': [1915], 'Anthropometrics': [1916], 'reliable': [1919], 'adequacy': [1926, 2716, 2807, 2821, 2861], 'therapy.21': [1929], 'Individual': [1930], 'levels': [1931], 'calcitonin,': [1933], 'C-reactive': [1934], '(CRP),': [1936], 'interleukin-1,': [1937], 'tumor': [1938], 'necrosis': [1939], 'factor': [1940], '(TNF),': [1941], 'interleukin-6,': [1942], 'citrulline': [1944], 'investigational': [1947], 'markers.': [1955], 'Ultrasound': [1956], 'emerging': [1958], 'tool': [1961], 'expediently': [1963], 'measure': [1964], 'muscle': [1965, 1971, 1996, 2043], 'changes': [1969, 3027], 'tissue': [1972, 1999, 2974, 2983], 'ease': [1980], 'availability.22,23': [1984], 'computed': [1986], 'tomography': [1987], '(CT)': [1988], 'scan': [1989, 2008], 'provides': [1990], 'precise': [1992], 'quantification': [1993], 'skeletal': [1995], 'adipose': [1998], 'depots;': [2000], 'however,': [2001, 2030], 'it': [2002, 3431, 4133], 'quite': [2004], 'costly': [2005], 'taken': [2009], 'purposes': [2012], 'composition.24,25': [2018], 'Both': [2019], 'valuable': [2022], 'incorporate': [2026], 'assessment;': [2029], 'validation': [2031], 'reliability': [2033], 'pending.': [2040], 'infancy.': [2049], 'Its': [2050], 'measurement,': [2051], 'reproducibility,': [2052], 'being': [2057, 2261, 4434], 'value': [2069, 2554], 'future.': [2072], 'A3a.': [2073], 'indirect': [2077], 'calorimetry': [2078], '(IC)': [2079], 'energy': [2084, 2133, 2145, 2315, 2372, 2395, 2398, 2435, 2531, 2547, 2599, 2684, 2698, 2758], 'requirements,': [2085], 'absence': [2091, 2112, 3878], 'variables': [2093, 2313], 'affect': [2095, 2188], 'accuracy': [2097, 2192, 2246, 2304], 'measurement.': [2099], '[Quality': [2100, 2908, 3416, 4114], 'Evidence:': [2102, 2910, 3418, 4116], 'Very': [2103, 2911, 3421], 'Low]': [2104, 2912, 3422], 'A3b.': [2105], 'IC,': [2114, 2254], 'predictive': [2120, 2165, 2237, 2306, 2339, 2407, 2453, 2540, 2557, 2682], 'equation': [2121, 2126, 2258, 2541, 2558], 'simplistic': [2124, 2160], 'weight-based': [2125, 2335, 2539], '(25–30': [2127, 2162], 'kcal/kg/d)': [2128], '(See': [2135], 'section': [2136, 2847, 4103], 'Q': [2137], 'obesity': [2139], 'recommendations.)': [2140], 'Clinicians': [2142], 'requirements': [2146, 2155, 2753, 2759], 'establish': [2148], 'goals': [2150, 2532], 'Energy': [2154], 'calculated': [2158], 'formulas': [2161], 'kcal/kg/d),': [2163], 'equations,': [2166, 2454, 2683], 'IC.': [2168, 2466], 'IC': [2172, 2194, 2403, 2535, 2678], 'institutions': [2178], 'availability': [2180], 'cost.': [2182], 'Variables': [2183], 'timing': [2190], 'measurements': [2195, 2404], 'presence': [2198, 2355], 'air': [2200], 'leaks': [2201], 'chest': [2203], 'tubes,': [2204], 'oxygen': [2206, 2218], 'nasal': [2208], 'cannula,': [2209], 'bilevel': [2210], 'positive': [2211, 2220], 'airway': [2212], 'pressure),': [2213, 2222], 'ventilator': [2214], 'settings': [2215], '(fractional': [2216], 'inspiratory': [2217], 'end-expiratory': [2221], 'continuous': [2223], 'renal': [2224], 'replacement': [2225], '(CRRT),': [2227], 'anesthesia,': [2228], 'physical': [2229], 'excessive': [2232], 'movement.26': [2233], 'More': [2234], '200': [2236], 'equations': [2238, 2268, 2292, 2307, 2336, 2340, 2408, 2812], 'rates': [2247], 'ranging': [2248], '40%–75%': [2250], 'compared': [2252, 2405, 2444, 2616, 3179, 3298, 3372, 3447, 3569, 3639, 3686, 4299], 'single': [2257], 'emerges': [2259], 'accurate': [2263, 2271, 2290], 'ICU.2728293031-32': [2266], 'Predictive': [2267], 'less': [2270, 3665], 'obese': [2273], 'underweight': [2275], 'patients.333435-36': [2276], 'Equations': [2277], 'testing': [2280, 2295], '(Penn': [2283], 'State,': [2284], 'Ireton-Jones,': [2285], 'Swinamer)': [2286], 'normal': [2296, 3985], 'volunteers': [2297], '(Harris-Benedict,': [2298], 'Mifflin': [2299], 'St': [2300], 'Jeor).37': [2301], 'poor': [2303], 'many': [2311], 'nonstatic': [2312], 'affecting': [2314], 'expenditure': [2316, 2685], 'patient,': [2321], 'weight,': [2324], 'medications,': [2325, 3842], 'treatments,': [2326], 'temperature.': [2329], 'advantage': [2332], 'simplicity.': [2342], 'following': [2348], 'aggressive': [2349], 'volume': [2350], 'resuscitation': [2351], 'edema': [2357], 'anasarca,': [2359], 'clinicians': [2360], 'dry': [2363], 'usual': [2365], 'weight': [2367], 'equations.': [2370], 'Additional': [2371, 3102], 'dextrose-containing': [2375], 'fluids': [2376], 'lipid-based': [2378], 'medications': [2379], 'propofol': [2382], 'accounted': [2385], 'deriving': [2388], 'regimens': [2391], 'goals.': [2396], 'Achieving': [2397], 'balance': [2399, 2838], 'guided': [2401], 'lead': [2410], 'intake.': [2415, 2810, 2907], 'RCTs38,39': [2418], 'our': [2421, 3314, 3650, 4265], 'inclusion': [2422, 3315, 3651, 4266], '(with': [2424], '161': [2427], 'patients)': [2428, 3513, 3951], 'showed': [2429, 3157, 3199, 3250, 3524, 3585, 3604], 'mean': [2432, 3551], 'IC-directed': [2441, 2475, 2546], 'controls': [2446, 2491, 2582, 2618], 'whose': [2447, 2492], 'design': [2458], 'stronger': [2461], 'burn': [2471], 'patients,': [2472, 2751, 3430, 3833, 4132, 4236], 'helped': [2478], 'minimal': [2481], 'effective': [2482, 3130], 'intake,': [2483], 'avoiding': [2484], 'excesses': [2486], 'overfeeding': [2488], 'Curreri': [2498], 'formula.': [2499], 'Complications': [2500], 'between': [2501, 2926, 3590, 4246, 4331], 'groups': [2502], '(diarrhea': [2503], 'hyperglycemia)': [2505], 'different,': [2508], 'parameters': [2512, 3072], 'evaluated.38': [2515], 'measurement': [2536], '(25': [2542], 'kcal/kg/d).39': [2543], 'goal': [2548], 'different': [2551, 4183], '(1976': [2559], '±': [2560, 2564, 2649, 2653, 2665, 2669], '468': [2561, 2565], 'vs': [2562, 2651, 2667, 3385, 3393, 3751, 4005, 4007, 4029, 4371, 4377], '1838': [2563], 'kcal/d,': [2566], 'respectively;': [2567], 'P': [2568, 2630, 2656, 2672, 3169, 3211, 3224, 3264, 3275, 3357, 3369, 3543, 3560, 3615, 3632, 3676, 3703, 4285, 4309], '=': [2569, 2622, 2631, 2657, 2673, 3164, 3170, 3206, 3212, 3225, 3259, 3265, 3270, 3276, 3352, 3358, 3364, 3370, 3538, 3544, 3554, 3561, 3610, 3616, 3627, 3633, 3671, 3695, 3704, 4280, 4304, 4310], '.60),': [2570], 'monitored': [2575], 'vigilantly': [2576], 'dietitian,': [2580], 'while': [2581, 3774, 4364], 'managed': [2584], 'standard': [2586], '(less': [2589], 'frequent': [2590, 2786], 'dietitian': [2592], 'monitoring),': [2593], 'led': [2595], 'significantly': [2597, 3606, 3620, 3664, 3712], 'per': [2602, 2692], 'day': [2603, 3693], 'trend': [2609, 3159], 'reduced': [2611, 3161, 3547, 3867, 3970, 4046, 4295], 'mortality': [2612, 3162, 3268, 3329, 3350, 3589, 3608, 3709, 3995, 4328], '(risk': [2619, 3536], 'ratio': [2620, 2778, 3257], '[RR]': [2621], '0.63;': [2623], '95%': [2624, 3166, 3208, 3220, 3261, 3272, 3354, 3366, 3540, 3557, 3612, 3629, 3673, 3698, 4282, 4306], 'confidence': [2625], 'interval': [2626], '[95%': [2627], 'CI],': [2628], '0.39–1.02;': [2629], '.06)': [2632], 'reconcile': [2636], 'light': [2638], 'morbidity': [2642, 3204, 3362, 3497, 3529], 'regard': [2644], '(17.2': [2648], '14.6': [2650], '11.7': [2652], '8.4': [2654], 'days;': [2655, 2671, 3219, 3223, 3556, 3697], '.04)': [2658, 3545, 3617], 'duration': [2660], 'mechanical': [2662, 3905], 'ventilation': [2663, 3840], '(16.1': [2664], '14.7': [2666], '10.5': [2668], '8.3': [2670], '.03).38,39': [2674], 'Whether': [2675], 'measured': [2676], 'estimated': [2680], 'reevaluated': [2688], 'once': [2691], 'week,': [2693], 'strategies': [2695], 'optimize': [2697], 'used.39,40': [2704], 'A4.': [2705], 'ongoing': [2713, 2804], 'performed.': [2721], 'appears': [2729, 3895], 'important': [2734], 'macronutrient': [2735], 'healing': [2737], 'wounds,': [2738], 'function,': [2741, 3923], 'mass.': [2746], 'proportionately': [2755], 'thus': [2761, 4448], 'routine': [2769], 'formulations': [2771, 3127], '(which': [2772], 'nonprotein': [2776], 'calorie:nitrogen': [2777], '[NPC:N]).': [2779], 'suboptimal': [2782], 'due': [2784], 'interruptions': [2787], 'supplementation.': [2792], 'decision': [2794], 'add': [2796], 'modules': [2798], 'Weight-based': [2811], '1.2–2.0': [2814], 'g/kg/d)': [2815], 'monitor': [2820], 'comparing': [2826, 3143, 3317, 3520], 'amount': [2828], 'delivered': [2831], 'prescribed,': [2834], 'especially': [2835], 'nitrogen': [2837], 'assess': [2844], 'needs': [2845], '(see': [2846, 4102], 'C4).41,42': [2848], 'Serum': [2849], 'CRP)': [2855], 'determining': [2860], 'manner.20,43': [2877], 'B1.': [2878], 'recommend': [2880, 4079], 'initiated': [2892], '24–48': [2894], 'unable': [2903], 'maintain': [2905, 3088], 'supports': [2915, 3800], 'functional': [2917, 3002], 'integrity': [2918, 2951, 3003], 'gut': [2921, 2997, 3055, 3089, 3113], 'tight': [2924], 'junctions': [2925], 'intraepithelial': [2928], 'cells,': [2929], 'stimulating': [2930], 'blood': [2931], 'flow,': [2932], 'inducing': [2934], 'trophic': [2938], 'endogenous': [2939], 'agents': [2940, 3122], 'cholecystokinin,': [2942], 'gastrin,': [2943], 'bombesin,': [2944], 'bile': [2946], 'salts).': [2947], 'maintains': [2949], 'structural': [2950], 'villous': [2954], 'height': [2955, 4428], 'secretory': [2961], 'IgA-producing': [2962], 'immunocytes': [2963], '(B': [2964], 'cells': [2965], 'plasma': [2967], 'cells)': [2968], 'compose': [2970], 'gut-associated': [2972], 'lymphoid': [2973, 2982], '(GALT)': [2975], 'turn': [2978], 'contribute': [2979], 'mucosal-associated': [2981], 'distant': [2985], 'sites': [2986], 'lungs,': [2990], 'liver,': [2991], 'kidneys.4445-46': [2993], 'Adverse': [2994], 'change': [2995], 'loss': [3000], 'dynamic': [3006], 'phenomenon': [3007], 'time': [3010, 4156], 'dependent': [3011], '(channels': [3012], 'opening': [3013], 'insult': [3019], 'injury).': [3021], 'consequences': [3023], 'bacterial': [3030], 'challenge': [3031], '(engagement': [3032], 'GALT': [3034], 'enteric': [3036], 'organisms),': [3037], 'likelihood': [3044], 'dysfunction': [3047, 3824, 3853], 'syndrome.45,46': [3048], 'severity': [3051, 3979], 'worsens,': [3052], 'increases': [3053], 'amplified,': [3058], 'route': [3062, 4355], 'failure,': [3076], 'LOS.47': [3079], 'reasons': [3082], 'integrity,': [3090, 3921], 'severity.44,47,48': [3101], 'points': [3104], 'conduit': [3116], 'delivery': [3119, 4044, 4274], 'immune-modulating': [3121], 'means': [3131], 'ulcer': [3134], 'prophylaxis.': [3135], 'Three': [3136], 'meta-analyses': [3138, 3519, 3576, 3584], 'aggregated': [3139], 'versus': [3145, 3323, 4229], 'delayed': [3146, 3181, 3324, 3386, 3394], 'EN.': [3147, 3796, 3822, 4113, 4160, 4336], '8': [3151], '(RR': [3163, 3205, 3351, 3363, 3609, 3626, 3670, 4303], '0.52;': [3165], 'CI,': [3167, 3209, 3221, 3262, 3273, 3355, 3367, 3541, 3558, 3613, 3630, 3674, 3699, 4283, 4307], '0.25–1.08;': [3168], '.08)49': [3171], 'started': [3175, 3185, 3231, 3289, 3301, 4070], 'hours,': [3178], 'initiation': [3182, 3794, 3820, 4158, 4363], 'point.': [3188], '12': [3193, 3643, 4291], 'Marik': [3196], 'significant': [3200, 3252, 3347, 3525], 'reductions': [3201, 3526], '0.45;': [3207], '0.30–0.66;': [3210], '.00006)': [3213], '(mean,': [3217], '2.2': [3218], '0.81–3.63': [3222], '.001)': [3226], 'average': [3233], '36': [3235], 'admission.50': [3239], 'third': [3241], '6': [3244, 4268], 'Doig': [3247, 3603], 'reduction': [3253, 3348, 3494], 'pneumonia': [3255, 3499, 4298], '(odds': [3256], '[OR]': [3258], '0.31;': [3260], '0.12–0.78;': [3263], '.01)': [3266, 4311], '(OR': [3269], '0.34;': [3271], '0.14–0.85;': [3274], '.02)': [3277, 3634], 'difference': [3280, 3537, 3552, 3587, 4242, 4326], '(MOF)': [3284], '24': [3291], 'admission': [3294, 3965], 'point.51': [3304], 'Of': [3305], '21': [3310], 'reported': [3327, 3654, 4270], '(Figure': [3330, 3337, 3657, 4288, 4312], '1),': [3331], '13': [3333], 'reporting': [3334, 3952], 'infection': [3336, 3656], '2).': [3338], 'Provision': [3339], '0.70;': [3353], '0.49–1.00;': [3356], '.05)': [3359], '0.74;': [3365], '0.58–0.93;': [3368], '.01),': [3371], 'withholding': [3374], '(delayed': [3377], 'STD).': [3380], 'Early': [3381, 3389], 'complications.': [3397, 3756], 'B2.': [3398], 'Low': [3419], 'majority': [3426, 3767], 'practical': [3433], 'safe': [3435], 'instead': [3439], 'PN.': [3441], 'beneficial': [3443], 'well': [3451], 'documented': [3452], 'numerous': [3454], 'involving': [3456, 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