Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2157800734', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'title': 'Refractive ocular conditions and reasons for spectacles renewal in a resource-limited economy', 'display_name': 'Refractive ocular conditions and reasons for spectacles renewal in a resource-limited economy', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-05-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2157800734', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'mag': '2157800734', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20459676', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2885324'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'pdf_url': 'https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49440999', 'display_name': 'BMC Ophthalmology', 'issn_l': '1471-2415', 'issn': ['1471-2415'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111974876', 'display_name': 'Abdulkabir Ayansiji Ayanniyi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8033065', 'display_name': 'University of Abuja', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007e69832', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8033065']}], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Abdulkabir A Ayanniyi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, PMB 117, FCT, Nigeria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, PMB 117, FCT, Nigeria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8033065']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081458992', 'display_name': 'Francisca N Folorunso', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Francisca N Folorunso', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030499116', 'display_name': 'FG Adepoju', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-5359'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152286', 'display_name': 'University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/045vatr18', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152286']}], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Feyisayo G Adepoju', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, IIorin, Nigeria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, IIorin, Nigeria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152286']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5111974876'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8033065'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1570, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 1925, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1570, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 1925, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.801, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 19, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.837426, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10381', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies', 'score': 0.9829, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10381', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies', 'score': 0.9829, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11963', 'display_name': 'Impact of Light on Environment and Health', 'score': 0.9349, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9193, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.93799806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119767625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211', 'display_name': 'Optometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6114164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118487528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46561742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206345919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951', 'display_name': 'Resource (disambiguation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4407304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003906', 'descriptor_name': 'Developing Countries', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005139', 'descriptor_name': 'Eyeglasses', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012030', 'descriptor_name': 'Refractive Errors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000534', 'qualifier_name': 'rehabilitation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000369', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged, 80 and over', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001766', 'descriptor_name': 'Blindness', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001766', 'descriptor_name': 'Blindness', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009549', 'descriptor_name': 'Nigeria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015995', 'descriptor_name': 'Prevalence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012030', 'descriptor_name': 'Refractive Errors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012189', 'descriptor_name': 'Retrospective Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019987', 'descriptor_name': 'Visually Impaired Persons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019987', 'descriptor_name': 'Visually Impaired Persons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055815', 'descriptor_name': 'Young Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'pdf_url': 'https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49440999', 'display_name': 'BMC Ophthalmology', 'issn_l': '1471-2415', 'issn': ['1471-2415'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2885324', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2885324?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885324', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20459676', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'pdf_url': 'https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-10-12', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49440999', 'display_name': 'BMC Ophthalmology', 'issn_l': '1471-2415', 'issn': ['1471-2415'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'score': 0.55, 'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 28, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1458854285', 'https://openalex.org/W1494644789', 'https://openalex.org/W1496741087', 'https://openalex.org/W1506734603', 'https://openalex.org/W1556568795', 'https://openalex.org/W1595972774', 'https://openalex.org/W173258249', 'https://openalex.org/W1979896347', 'https://openalex.org/W1999757851', 'https://openalex.org/W2006197209', 'https://openalex.org/W2030112598', 'https://openalex.org/W2034881240', 'https://openalex.org/W2064372203', 'https://openalex.org/W2065618915', 'https://openalex.org/W2096767928', 'https://openalex.org/W2149989244', 'https://openalex.org/W2154022435', 'https://openalex.org/W2198847224', 'https://openalex.org/W2257335082', 'https://openalex.org/W2293541155', 'https://openalex.org/W2308741583', 'https://openalex.org/W2398726115', 'https://openalex.org/W2412780216', 'https://openalex.org/W3133426422', 'https://openalex.org/W4233445088', 'https://openalex.org/W4299590909', 'https://openalex.org/W572026064', 'https://openalex.org/W62985646'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389568370', 'https://openalex.org/W3108674512', 'https://openalex.org/W3032375762', 'https://openalex.org/W3031052312', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2586801360', 'https://openalex.org/W2080531066', 'https://openalex.org/W1995515455', 'https://openalex.org/W1506200166', 'https://openalex.org/W1489783725'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Although': [0], 'a': [1, 8, 46, 60, 87], 'leading': [2], 'cause': [3, 10], 'of': [4, 11, 16, 29, 40, 51, 54, 73, 78, 90, 131, 172, 193, 204, 218], 'visual': [5, 208], 'impairment': [6, 209], 'and': [7, 37, 68, 82, 103, 115, 124, 154, 176, 184, 210, 213, 233], 'treatable': [9], 'blindness': [12, 212], 'globally,': [13], 'the': [14, 27, 38, 104, 173, 222, 231, 234], 'pattern': [15, 28], 'refractive': [17, 30, 43, 144, 205, 219], 'errors': [18, 44, 145, 206, 220], 'in': [19, 45, 59, 170, 221, 230], 'many': [20], 'populations': [21], 'is': [22], 'unknown.': [23], 'This': [24], 'study': [25], 'determined': [26], 'ocular': [31, 110, 132], 'conditions,': [32], 'reasons': [33, 190], 'for': [34, 191], 'spectacles': [35, 113, 194], 'renewal': [36, 192], 'effect': [39], 'correction': [41, 203], 'on': [42], 'resource-limited': [47], 'community.A': [48], 'retrospective': [49], 'review': [50], 'case': [52], 'records': [53], '1,413': [55], 'consecutive': [56], 'patients': [57, 76, 180], 'seen': [58], 'private': [61], 'optometry': [62], 'practice,': [63], 'Nigeria': [64], 'between': [65], 'January': [66], '2006': [67], 'July': [69], '2007.A': [70], 'total': [71], 'number': [72], '1,216': [74], '(86.1%)': [75], 'comprising': [77], '(486,': [79], '40%)': [80], 'males': [81], '(730,': [83], '60%)': [84], 'females': [85], 'with': [86, 156], 'mean': [88, 129], 'age': [89, 98, 106, 236], '41.02': [91], 'years': [92, 138], 'SD': [93, 139], '14.19': [94], 'were': [95, 112, 168, 195], 'analyzed.': [96], 'The': [97, 108, 128, 141, 188], 'distribution': [99], 'peaked': [100], 'at': [101, 228], 'peri-adolescent': [102, 232], 'middle': [105, 235], 'years.': [107, 237], 'main': [109, 189], 'complaints': [111], 'loss': [114], 'discomfort': [116], '(412,': [117], '33.9%),': [118], 'blurred': [119], 'near': [120], 'vision': [121], '(399,': [122], '32.8%)': [123], 'asthenopia': [125], '(255,': [126], '20.9%).': [127], 'duration': [130], 'symptoms': [133], 'before': [134], 'consultation': [135], 'was': [136], '2.05': [137], '1.92.': [140], 'most': [142], 'common': [143], 'include': [146], 'presbyopia': [147, 155], '(431,': [148], '35.3%),': [149], 'hyperopic': [150], 'astigmatism': [151], '(240,': [152], '19.7%)': [153], 'hyperopia': [157], '(276,': [158], '22.7%).': [159], 'Only': [160], '(59,': [161], '4.9%)': [162], 'had': [163], 'myopia.': [164], 'Following': [165], 'correction,': [166], 'there': [167], 'reductions': [169], 'magnitudes': [171], 'blind': [174], '(VA<3/60)': [175], 'visually': [177], 'impaired': [178], '(VA<6/18-3/60)': [179], 'by': [181], '(18,': [182], '58.1%)': [183], '(89,': [185], '81.7%)': [186], 'respectively.': [187], 'broken': [196], 'lenses/frame/scratched': [197], "lenses/lenses'": [198], 'falling': [199], 'off': [200], '(47,': [201], '63.4%).Adequate': [202], 'reduces': [207], 'avoidable': [211], 'to': [214], 'achieve': [215], 'optimal': [216], 'control': [217], 'community,': [223], 'services': [224], 'should': [225], 'be': [226], 'targeted': [227], 'individuals': [229]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2157800734', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T03:42:18.696491', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}