Title: Principle and technique of NIRS-Imaging for human brain FORCE: fast-oxygen response in capillary event
Abstract: Two basic principles to measure positional information using photon have been discovered. The first one is the photon-CT (pCT) technique using straight-line light by Jobsis in 1977. The second is NIRS-Imaging of diffusion/scattering light that was discovered in 1991 by Kato. In the principle of NIRS-Imaging, a position of two probes and temporal responses of a measuring object determines each photon's functional pixels with border unclearness. As NIRS-Imaging uses uncertain light of positional information, it is thought of as a reversal to locate spatial information. At this point, for the pCT, which depends on precision of light for positional information, NIRS-Imaging is a completely opposite principle. It is difficult to penetrate the adult brain with light by pCT. With the discovery of the principle of NIRS-Imaging, which samples photon functional pixels, local blood physiology for oxygen exchange rapidly developed in brain and muscle studies. The sensibility of NIRS-Imaging is high for a signal of active oxygen exchange in capillaries. NIRS-Imaging is a non-invasive measurement for cerebral microcirculation in the capillary, not the vein. It is important to measure fast-oxygen response in capillary event (FORCE) related to neuronal responses, defined as the FORCE effect. Advanced NIRS-Imaging can distinguish the FORCE effect from a watering-the-garden effect. The slow blood change that defined a watering-the-garden effect can induce a strong signal in the vein by PET and fMRI. Therefore, oxygen consumption in tissues using fMRI and PET may be underestimated by the measurement of the passive washout flow in the vein.
Publication Year: 2004
Publication Date: 2004-08-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 43
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