Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2155922283', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10388', 'title': 'Evaporation of biomass fast pyrolysis oil: Evaluation of char formation', 'display_name': 'Evaporation of biomass fast pyrolysis oil: Evaluation of char formation', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2155922283', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10388', 'mag': '2155922283'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10388', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210214890', 'display_name': 'Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy', 'issn_l': '1944-7442', 'issn': ['1944-7442', '1944-7450'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6671305/Balegedde09evaporation.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015747364', 'display_name': 'Ragavendra P. Balegedde Ramachandran', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94624287', 'display_name': 'University of Twente', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006hf6230', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ragavendra P. Balegedde Ramachandran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066526487', 'display_name': 'Guus van Rossum', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94624287', 'display_name': 'University of Twente', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006hf6230', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guus van Rossum', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045266666', 'display_name': 'W.P.M. van Swaaij', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94624287', 'display_name': 'University of Twente', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006hf6230', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wim P.M. van Swaaij', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083140753', 'display_name': 'Sascha R.A. Kersten', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8333-2649'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94624287', 'display_name': 'University of Twente', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006hf6230', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Sascha R.A. Kersten', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute IMPACT, Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5083140753'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94624287'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3660, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3660, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.078, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 27, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.846274, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '28', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '410', 'last_page': '417'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10088', 'display_name': 'Biomass Pyrolysis and Conversion Technologies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10088', 'display_name': 'Biomass Pyrolysis and Conversion Technologies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12706', 'display_name': 'Supercritical Water Gasification for Hydrogen Production', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12358', 'display_name': 'Kinetic Analysis of Thermal Processes in Materials', 'score': 0.9895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction', 'display_name': 'Fraction (chemistry)', 'score': 0.67118543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tube-furnace', 'display_name': 'Tube furnace', 'score': 0.549807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-oil', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis oil', 'score': 0.54048574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis', 'score': 0.532833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers', 'display_name': 'Carbon fibers', 'score': 0.43244982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-fraction', 'display_name': 'Mass fraction', 'score': 0.42781943}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779970684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121', 'display_name': 'Char', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.97740364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36759035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8396752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149629883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926', 'display_name': 'Fraction (chemistry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67118543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61441594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814', 'display_name': 'Evaporation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6152118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55565894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781333061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7850789', 'display_name': 'Tube furnace', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.549807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780536370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898694', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis oil', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.54048574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184651966', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356', 'display_name': 'Aqueous solution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5343705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115540264', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560', 'display_name': 'Biomass (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51210237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134121241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301', 'display_name': 'Yield (engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5080757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5003686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140205800', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860', 'display_name': 'Carbon fibers', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43244982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116628846', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899138', 'display_name': 'Mass fraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42781943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37312558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3442359}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.116203666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.093510926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104779481', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707', 'display_name': 'Composite number', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.086223006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10388', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210214890', 'display_name': 'Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy', 'issn_l': '1944-7442', 'issn': ['1944-7442', '1944-7450'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6671305/Balegedde09evaporation.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6671305/Balegedde09evaporation.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6671305/Balegedde09evaporation.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6671305/Balegedde09evaporation.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.51}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1978988445', 'https://openalex.org/W1988889272', 'https://openalex.org/W2017742924', 'https://openalex.org/W2053890900', 'https://openalex.org/W2060396413', 'https://openalex.org/W2069121950', 'https://openalex.org/W2084158687', 'https://openalex.org/W2098416637', 'https://openalex.org/W2118153776', 'https://openalex.org/W2133940835'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2885848588', 'https://openalex.org/W2885551544', 'https://openalex.org/W2763466407', 'https://openalex.org/W2390222718', 'https://openalex.org/W2363060614', 'https://openalex.org/W2350264425', 'https://openalex.org/W2348755098', 'https://openalex.org/W2316182440', 'https://openalex.org/W1991265472', 'https://openalex.org/W1972235887'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Evaporation': [1], 'experiments': [2], 'of': [3, 29, 40, 52, 63, 111, 157, 173], 'biomass': [4], 'fast': [5], 'pyrolysis': [6, 30, 92], 'oil': [7, 31, 41, 93, 129, 158], 'and': [8, 17, 56, 167], 'its': [9], 'aqueous': [10], 'fractions': [11, 55], 'at': [12, 67], 'low': [13, 106], '(TGA–10°C/min,': [14], 'Glass': [15], 'tube–100°C/min)': [16], 'high': [18], '(atomization': [19], '∼10': [20], '6': [21], '°C/min)': [22], 'heating': [23, 28, 69, 77, 107], 'rates': [24, 70], 'are': [25], 'performed.': [26], 'Slow': [27], 'produced': [32, 45, 60], '∼28%': [33], 'char': [34, 47, 64, 103, 119, 131, 145, 166], '(on': [35], 'carbon': [36], 'basis),': [37], 'whereas': [38], 'atomization': [39], 'droplets': [42], '(∼117': [43], 'μm)': [44], '∼9%': [46], 'in': [48, 91, 113, 117, 127, 144, 153], 'the': [49, 102, 114, 128], 'temperature': [50], 'range': [51], '500–850°C.': [53], 'Aqueous': [54], 'glucose': [57], 'solutions': [58], 'also': [59], 'less': [61], 'amount': [62], 'by': [65, 150, 161], 'evaporating': [66], 'higher': [68, 109, 118, 136], '(∼3%': [71], 'char)': [72], 'when': [73], 'compared': [74], 'with': [75, 132], 'slower': [76], '(∼24%': [78], 'char).': [79], 'The': [80, 141], 'results': [81], 'obtained': [82], 'show': [83], 'that': [84, 97, 123], 'not': [85], 'a': [86, 124, 133, 151], 'single': [87], 'lumped': [88], 'components': [89], 'class': [90], 'can': [94, 147], 'be': [95, 148], 'identified': [96], 'is': [98, 159], 'primarily': [99], 'responsible': [100], 'for': [101], 'formation.': [104], 'At': [105], 'rate,': [108], 'concentrations': [110], 'organics': [112], 'bioliquids': [115], 'result': [116], 'yields,': [120], 'which': [121, 154], 'reveals': [122], 'certain': [125, 155], 'fraction': [126, 156], 'produce': [130], 'reaction': [134], 'order': [135], 'than': [137], 'one': [138], '(polymerization': [139], 'reactions).': [140], 'measured': [142], 'trends': [143], 'yield': [146], 'described': [149], 'model': [152], 'converted': [160], 'two': [162], 'parallel': [163], 'reactions': [164], 'to': [165], 'gas/vapor.': [168], '©': [169], '2009': [170, 178], 'American': [171], 'Institute': [172], 'Chemical': [174], 'Engineers': [175], 'Environ': [176], 'Prog,': [177]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155922283', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T20:15:18.760268', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}