Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2155421027', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944', 'title': 'The CO-to-H<sub>2</sub> Conversion Factor', 'display_name': 'The CO-to-H<sub>2</sub> Conversion Factor', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-06-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2155421027', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944', 'mag': '2155421027'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S29882555', 'display_name': 'Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics', 'issn_l': '0066-4146', 'issn': ['0066-4146', '1545-4282'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.3498', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063338494', 'display_name': 'Alberto D. Bolatto', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-5686'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alberto D. Bolatto', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029668966', 'display_name': 'M. G. Wolfire', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-9510'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mark Wolfire', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063633367', 'display_name': 'Adam K. Leroy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-1700'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'display_name': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04m24yn62', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'https://openalex.org/I867387847']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Adam K. Leroy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 53.959, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1748, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999953, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '51', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '207', 'last_page': '268'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10477', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10477', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10026', 'display_name': 'Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-factor', 'display_name': 'Conversion factor', 'score': 0.52654773}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.89832836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.84074235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555520305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321', 'display_name': 'Milky Way', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7471525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7084157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196939603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41872', 'display_name': 'Interstellar medium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6764008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99465377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217030', 'display_name': 'Metallicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6670765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.57431734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125857072', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744', 'display_name': 'Star formation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5543291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111726211', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618655', 'display_name': 'Conversion factor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52654773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33024259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250', 'display_name': 'Redshift', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5021076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S29882555', 'display_name': 'Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics', 'issn_l': '0066-4146', 'issn': ['0066-4146', '1545-4282'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3498', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.3498', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3498', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.3498', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1301.3498', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3498', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.3498', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2155421027', 'https://openalex.org/W3101233053'], 'referenced_works_count': 345, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W146738214', 'https://openalex.org/W1524049724', 'https://openalex.org/W1527117010', 'https://openalex.org/W1540408216', 'https://openalex.org/W1543330813', 'https://openalex.org/W1551852798', 'https://openalex.org/W1577081363', 'https://openalex.org/W1600526116', 'https://openalex.org/W1619757237', 'https://openalex.org/W1625396497', 'https://openalex.org/W1641309481', 'https://openalex.org/W1650533878', 'https://openalex.org/W1663065260', 'https://openalex.org/W1669866709', 'https://openalex.org/W170283405', 'https://openalex.org/W1778520070', 'https://openalex.org/W180084201', 'https://openalex.org/W1818803249', 'https://openalex.org/W1818884880', 'https://openalex.org/W1851199749', 'https://openalex.org/W1856141577', 'https://openalex.org/W1904428610', 'https://openalex.org/W1963485885', 'https://openalex.org/W1963795925', 'https://openalex.org/W1967146421', 'https://openalex.org/W1967340141', 'https://openalex.org/W1968137411', 'https://openalex.org/W1970020899', 'https://openalex.org/W1973003901', 'https://openalex.org/W1973321239', 'https://openalex.org/W1973833544', 'https://openalex.org/W1973939397', 'https://openalex.org/W1974353009', 'https://openalex.org/W1975557117', 'https://openalex.org/W1975636047', 'https://openalex.org/W1976666257', 'https://openalex.org/W1977334807', 'https://openalex.org/W1979387873', 'https://openalex.org/W1981121691', 'https://openalex.org/W1982453941', 'https://openalex.org/W1983499282', 'https://openalex.org/W1986623055', 'https://openalex.org/W1986929177', 'https://openalex.org/W1989298070', 'https://openalex.org/W1990288777', 'https://openalex.org/W1990788885', 'https://openalex.org/W1991741105', 'https://openalex.org/W1991880551', 'https://openalex.org/W1993384070', 'https://openalex.org/W1995286441', 'https://openalex.org/W1995980904', 'https://openalex.org/W1996689021', 'https://openalex.org/W1998762398', 'https://openalex.org/W1999602769', 'https://openalex.org/W2000563534', 'https://openalex.org/W2001663399', 'https://openalex.org/W2001757368', 'https://openalex.org/W2004642765', 'https://openalex.org/W2006391693', 'https://openalex.org/W2006750478', 'https://openalex.org/W2008309396', 'https://openalex.org/W2008757182', 'https://openalex.org/W2008848988', 'https://openalex.org/W2009019383', 'https://openalex.org/W2009764428', 'https://openalex.org/W2011570622', 'https://openalex.org/W2011685385', 'https://openalex.org/W2013979799', 'https://openalex.org/W2014282890', 'https://openalex.org/W2016500630', 'https://openalex.org/W2017868275', 'https://openalex.org/W2018649716', 'https://openalex.org/W2018657673', 'https://openalex.org/W2019579421', 'https://openalex.org/W2020031794', 'https://openalex.org/W2020814246', 'https://openalex.org/W2021535694', 'https://openalex.org/W2021546478', 'https://openalex.org/W2022238268', 'https://openalex.org/W2022356021', 'https://openalex.org/W2022845636', 'https://openalex.org/W2023898933', 'https://openalex.org/W2024454353', 'https://openalex.org/W2024821919', 'https://openalex.org/W2025912137', 'https://openalex.org/W2027407474', 'https://openalex.org/W2027720314', 'https://openalex.org/W2028293684', 'https://openalex.org/W2028741328', 'https://openalex.org/W2029007937', 'https://openalex.org/W2029231021', 'https://openalex.org/W2030476036', 'https://openalex.org/W2031076586', 'https://openalex.org/W2032205063', 'https://openalex.org/W2032325755', 'https://openalex.org/W2032593532', 'https://openalex.org/W2032832347', 'https://openalex.org/W2033142322', 'https://openalex.org/W2033343088', 'https://openalex.org/W2033517829', 'https://openalex.org/W2034007345', 'https://openalex.org/W2034127118', 'https://openalex.org/W2034696200', 'https://openalex.org/W2034715587', 'https://openalex.org/W2035152140', 'https://openalex.org/W2037131602', 'https://openalex.org/W2038032907', 'https://openalex.org/W2038219046', 'https://openalex.org/W2038688917', 'https://openalex.org/W2038746306', 'https://openalex.org/W2038880921', 'https://openalex.org/W2039874334', 'https://openalex.org/W2039875857', 'https://openalex.org/W2041548304', 'https://openalex.org/W2042240341', 'https://openalex.org/W2042316657', 'https://openalex.org/W2042523227', 'https://openalex.org/W2043280563', 'https://openalex.org/W2043311965', 'https://openalex.org/W2043941242', 'https://openalex.org/W2045914606', 'https://openalex.org/W2047958109', 'https://openalex.org/W2048274049', 'https://openalex.org/W2049036992', 'https://openalex.org/W2049095720', 'https://openalex.org/W2049423024', 'https://openalex.org/W2049609659', 'https://openalex.org/W2049636120', 'https://openalex.org/W2049707893', 'https://openalex.org/W2050320000', 'https://openalex.org/W2050372348', 'https://openalex.org/W2052619602', 'https://openalex.org/W2054872331', 'https://openalex.org/W2055965333', 'https://openalex.org/W2056820537', 'https://openalex.org/W2056911569', 'https://openalex.org/W2057092422', 'https://openalex.org/W2057282682', 'https://openalex.org/W2057283629', 'https://openalex.org/W2058613207', 'https://openalex.org/W2059119419', 'https://openalex.org/W2059309055', 'https://openalex.org/W2059746164', 'https://openalex.org/W2060110495', 'https://openalex.org/W2060294732', 'https://openalex.org/W2061420138', 'https://openalex.org/W2062356233', 'https://openalex.org/W2062792447', 'https://openalex.org/W2064131031', 'https://openalex.org/W2064703219', 'https://openalex.org/W2065743354', 'https://openalex.org/W2066928321', 'https://openalex.org/W2067031579', 'https://openalex.org/W2067496121', 'https://openalex.org/W2067542394', 'https://openalex.org/W2068007459', 'https://openalex.org/W2069524830', 'https://openalex.org/W2069802880', 'https://openalex.org/W2070307246', 'https://openalex.org/W2070850663', 'https://openalex.org/W2071654695', 'https://openalex.org/W2072498663', 'https://openalex.org/W2073207761', 'https://openalex.org/W2073236198', 'https://openalex.org/W2074529843', 'https://openalex.org/W2075593391', 'https://openalex.org/W2077276236', 'https://openalex.org/W2077956716', 'https://openalex.org/W2078091601', 'https://openalex.org/W2078583702', 'https://openalex.org/W2078801986', 'https://openalex.org/W2078858012', 'https://openalex.org/W2079564711', 'https://openalex.org/W2080666063', 'https://openalex.org/W2085640743', 'https://openalex.org/W2085713960', 'https://openalex.org/W2086284269', 'https://openalex.org/W2087235950', 'https://openalex.org/W2088138319', 'https://openalex.org/W2088452133', 'https://openalex.org/W2088535364', 'https://openalex.org/W2088704657', 'https://openalex.org/W2088763329', 'https://openalex.org/W2091630436', 'https://openalex.org/W2092112365', 'https://openalex.org/W2092298021', 'https://openalex.org/W2093167596', 'https://openalex.org/W2093832045', 'https://openalex.org/W2093857364', 'https://openalex.org/W2094504621', 'https://openalex.org/W2095044009', 'https://openalex.org/W2095326457', 'https://openalex.org/W2095442597', 'https://openalex.org/W2095502601', 'https://openalex.org/W2097182781', 'https://openalex.org/W2097760814', 'https://openalex.org/W2098108811', 'https://openalex.org/W2098456835', 'https://openalex.org/W2099070333', 'https://openalex.org/W2101558903', 'https://openalex.org/W2102765929', 'https://openalex.org/W2104710889', 'https://openalex.org/W2107833181', 'https://openalex.org/W2107894982', 'https://openalex.org/W2108080625', 'https://openalex.org/W2108160352', 'https://openalex.org/W2109329782', 'https://openalex.org/W2110966768', 'https://openalex.org/W2111699403', 'https://openalex.org/W2111817932', 'https://openalex.org/W2114874982', 'https://openalex.org/W2116303790', 'https://openalex.org/W2118340222', 'https://openalex.org/W2119103206', 'https://openalex.org/W2120181990', 'https://openalex.org/W2120537494', 'https://openalex.org/W2123267088', 'https://openalex.org/W2123590736', 'https://openalex.org/W2123681429', 'https://openalex.org/W2123741072', 'https://openalex.org/W2125022715', 'https://openalex.org/W2125142401', 'https://openalex.org/W2126167469', 'https://openalex.org/W2126700402', 'https://openalex.org/W2126775109', 'https://openalex.org/W2126877290', 'https://openalex.org/W2127714165', 'https://openalex.org/W2127979873', 'https://openalex.org/W2128384154', 'https://openalex.org/W2129378477', 'https://openalex.org/W2131287406', 'https://openalex.org/W2132156727', 'https://openalex.org/W2132369759', 'https://openalex.org/W2133513342', 'https://openalex.org/W2134123980', 'https://openalex.org/W2136122051', 'https://openalex.org/W2136288234', 'https://openalex.org/W2137980753', 'https://openalex.org/W2138729205', 'https://openalex.org/W2139044280', 'https://openalex.org/W2139568406', 'https://openalex.org/W2140347367', 'https://openalex.org/W2140631929', 'https://openalex.org/W2143675579', 'https://openalex.org/W2148031907', 'https://openalex.org/W2149063305', 'https://openalex.org/W2149332780', 'https://openalex.org/W2149736470', 'https://openalex.org/W2153928838', 'https://openalex.org/W2154374684', 'https://openalex.org/W2157341649', 'https://openalex.org/W2163034955', 'https://openalex.org/W2164103431', 'https://openalex.org/W2164804341', 'https://openalex.org/W2166662793', 'https://openalex.org/W2168495929', 'https://openalex.org/W2168587750', 'https://openalex.org/W2169039585', 'https://openalex.org/W2170163807', 'https://openalex.org/W2172189888', 'https://openalex.org/W2518870655', 'https://openalex.org/W2595447485', 'https://openalex.org/W2899497983', 'https://openalex.org/W2949396216', 'https://openalex.org/W2982917095', 'https://openalex.org/W2997137475', 'https://openalex.org/W3040995217', 'https://openalex.org/W3097994407', 'https://openalex.org/W3098197335', 'https://openalex.org/W3098375467', 'https://openalex.org/W3098913700', 'https://openalex.org/W3098935317', 'https://openalex.org/W3099199289', 'https://openalex.org/W3099288175', 'https://openalex.org/W3099573144', 'https://openalex.org/W3099760860', 'https://openalex.org/W3099830973', 'https://openalex.org/W3099852439', 'https://openalex.org/W3100158193', 'https://openalex.org/W3100307866', 'https://openalex.org/W3100377056', 'https://openalex.org/W3100447874', 'https://openalex.org/W3100582343', 'https://openalex.org/W3100734034', 'https://openalex.org/W3100806568', 'https://openalex.org/W3101056247', 'https://openalex.org/W3101085923', 'https://openalex.org/W3101245461', 'https://openalex.org/W3101483969', 'https://openalex.org/W3101690914', 'https://openalex.org/W3101691828', 'https://openalex.org/W3101733251', 'https://openalex.org/W3101833645', 'https://openalex.org/W3102106646', 'https://openalex.org/W3102225801', 'https://openalex.org/W3102297473', 'https://openalex.org/W3102581853', 'https://openalex.org/W3102681469', 'https://openalex.org/W3102849373', 'https://openalex.org/W3103241531', 'https://openalex.org/W3103364338', 'https://openalex.org/W3103544413', 'https://openalex.org/W3104368567', 'https://openalex.org/W3104396985', 'https://openalex.org/W3104663512', 'https://openalex.org/W3104742978', 'https://openalex.org/W3104959557', 'https://openalex.org/W3104963219', 'https://openalex.org/W3104963368', 'https://openalex.org/W3104965217', 'https://openalex.org/W3105078914', 'https://openalex.org/W3105099158', 'https://openalex.org/W3105131173', 'https://openalex.org/W3105258373', 'https://openalex.org/W3105360231', 'https://openalex.org/W3105660559', 'https://openalex.org/W3105930256', 'https://openalex.org/W3106134143', 'https://openalex.org/W3106192824', 'https://openalex.org/W3106356196', 'https://openalex.org/W3113330927', 'https://openalex.org/W3121712453', 'https://openalex.org/W3121970229', 'https://openalex.org/W3122340172', 'https://openalex.org/W3122459657', 'https://openalex.org/W3122644389', 'https://openalex.org/W3123241831', 'https://openalex.org/W3123943631', 'https://openalex.org/W3124038249', 'https://openalex.org/W3124050744', 'https://openalex.org/W3124608914', 'https://openalex.org/W3124966194', 'https://openalex.org/W3125332786', 'https://openalex.org/W3125567225', 'https://openalex.org/W3125588606', 'https://openalex.org/W3185329699', 'https://openalex.org/W4243810268', 'https://openalex.org/W4251202487', 'https://openalex.org/W4255119503', 'https://openalex.org/W4256384337', 'https://openalex.org/W4294401501', 'https://openalex.org/W4298079364', 'https://openalex.org/W4299565962', 'https://openalex.org/W4299909128', 'https://openalex.org/W4299944981'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W6271073', 'https://openalex.org/W4221145603', 'https://openalex.org/W3141009653', 'https://openalex.org/W3123020773', 'https://openalex.org/W3122368101', 'https://openalex.org/W3104772095', 'https://openalex.org/W3100789860', 'https://openalex.org/W2395419322', 'https://openalex.org/W1960905533', 'https://openalex.org/W1887352527'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'CO': [0, 22, 176], 'line': [1, 150], 'emission': [2, 177], 'represents': [3], 'the': [4, 12, 18, 35, 45, 64, 160, 190, 216], 'most': [5], 'accessible': [6], 'and': [7, 34, 41, 49, 97, 109, 115, 152, 178, 230], 'widely': [8], 'used': [9], 'tracer': [10], 'of': [11, 20, 51, 82, 164, 174, 195, 201], 'molecular': [13, 192], 'interstellar': [14, 36, 193], 'medium.': [15], 'This': [16, 183], 'renders': [17], 'translation': [19], 'observed': [21, 108], 'intensity': [23], 'into': [24], 'total': [25], 'H2': [26], 'gas': [27], 'mass': [28], 'critical': [29], 'to': [30, 53, 157, 204], 'understand': [31], 'star': [32], 'formation': [33], 'medium': [37, 194], 'in': [38, 60, 89, 133, 159, 189], 'our': [39], 'Galaxy': [40], 'beyond.': [42], 'We': [43], 'review': [44, 222], 'theoretical': [46, 113], 'underpinning,': [47], 'techniques,': [48], 'results': [50], 'efforts': [52], 'estimate': [54], 'this': [55, 102], 'CO-to-H2': [56, 207], '"conversion': [57], 'factor,"': [58], 'Xco,': [59], 'different': [61], 'environments.': [62], 'In': [63], 'Milky': [65, 90], 'Way': [66], 'disk,': [67], 'we': [68, 221], 'recommend': [69], 'a': [70, 134, 144, 205], 'conversion': [71, 104, 208, 217], 'factor': [72, 105, 218], 'Xco': [73, 121, 155, 185], '=': [74], '2x10^{20}': [75], 'cm^-2/(K': [76], 'km/s)^-1': [77], 'with': [78, 94, 123, 137, 172], '+/-30%': [79], 'uncertainty.': [80, 99], 'Studies': [81], 'other': [83, 231], '"normal': [84], 'galaxies"': [85], 'return': [86], 'similar': [87], 'values': [88], 'Way-like': [91], 'disks,': [92], 'but': [93, 166], 'greater': [95], 'scatter': [96], 'systematic': [98], 'Departures': [100], 'from': [101], 'Galactic': [103], 'are': [106], 'both': [107], 'expected.': [110], 'Dust-based': [111], 'determinations,': [112], 'arguments,': [114], 'scaling': [116], 'relations': [117], 'all': [118, 168], 'suggest': [119], 'that': [120, 140], 'increases': [122], 'decreasing': [124], 'metallicity,': [125], 'turning': [126], 'up': [127], 'sharply': [128], 'below': [129], 'metallicity': [130], '~1/3-1/2': [131], 'solar': [132], 'manner': [135], 'consistent': [136], 'model': [138], 'predictions': [139], 'identify': [141], 'shielding': [142], 'as': [143], 'key': [145], 'parameter.': [146], 'Based': [147], 'on': [148, 227], 'spectral': [149], 'modeling': [151, 229], 'dust': [153], 'observations,': [154], 'appears': [156], 'drop': [158], 'central,': [161], 'bright': [162, 175], 'regions': [163, 173], 'some': [165], 'not': [167], 'galaxies,': [169, 197], 'often': [170], 'coincident': [171], 'high': [179, 211], 'stellar': [180], 'surface': [181], 'density.': [182], 'lower': [184, 206], 'is': [186, 224], 'also': [187], 'present': [188], 'overwhelmingly': [191], 'starburst': [196], 'where': [198], 'several': [199], 'lines': [200], 'evidence': [202, 214], 'point': [203], 'factor.': [209], 'At': [210], 'redshift,': [212], 'direct': [213], 'regarding': [215], 'remains': [219], 'scarce;': [220], 'what': [223], 'known': [225], 'based': [226], 'dynamical': [228], 'arguments.': [232]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155421027', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 152}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 178}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 200}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 163}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 193}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 178}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 146}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 162}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 126}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 119}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 89}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 34}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-16T03:21:34.815298', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}