Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2154837946', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x', 'title': 'Age Changes in Prosocial Responding and Moral Reasoning in Adolescence and Early Adulthood', 'display_name': 'Age Changes in Prosocial Responding and Moral Reasoning in Adolescence and Early Adulthood', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-08-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2154837946', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x', 'mag': '2154837946', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592955', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2893741'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S166148025', 'display_name': 'Journal of Research on Adolescence', 'issn_l': '1050-8392', 'issn': ['1050-8392', '1532-7795'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2893741?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028760319', 'display_name': 'Nancy Eisenberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-4538'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55732556', 'display_name': 'Arizona State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03efmqc40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nancy Eisenberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Arizona State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Arizona State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061913657', 'display_name': 'Amanda Cumberland', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55732556', 'display_name': 'Arizona State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03efmqc40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amanda Cumberland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Arizona State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Arizona State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001608981', 'display_name': 'Ivanna K. Guthrie', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55732556', 'display_name': 'Arizona State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03efmqc40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ivanna K. Guthrie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Arizona State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Arizona State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005761107', 'display_name': 'Bridget C. Murphy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-7772'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55732556', 'display_name': 'Arizona State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03efmqc40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bridget C. Murphy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Arizona State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Arizona State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110623721', 'display_name': 'Stephanie A. Shepard', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55732556', 'display_name': 'Arizona State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03efmqc40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephanie A. Shepard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Arizona State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Arizona State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55732556']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3240, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3240, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.172, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 458, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999867, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '235', 'last_page': '260'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11999', 'display_name': 'Empathy and Medical Education', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11999', 'display_name': 'Empathy and Medical Education', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12520', 'display_name': 'Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11058', 'display_name': 'Ethics in Business and Education', 'score': 0.9892, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1802', 'display_name': 'Information Systems and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior', 'display_name': 'Prosocial Behavior', 'score': 0.96527445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-distress', 'display_name': 'Personal distress', 'score': 0.91498595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/empathic-concern', 'display_name': 'Empathic concern', 'score': 0.8796545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathy', 'display_name': 'Sympathy', 'score': 0.5864532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/helping-behavior', 'display_name': 'Helping behavior', 'score': 0.47463998}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158608086', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613', 'display_name': 'Prosocial behavior', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.96527445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46363204', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170571', 'display_name': 'Personal distress', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91498595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778251646', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373833', 'display_name': 'Empathic concern', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8796545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8456874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779885105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263', 'display_name': 'Empathy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8162973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9158031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909140', 'display_name': 'Moral reasoning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77806973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780342009', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387795', 'display_name': 'Perspective-taking', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.65050626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6335291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76247681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909101', 'display_name': 'Moral development', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60866445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12713177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281', 'display_name': 'Perspective (graphical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59796834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779115301', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118', 'display_name': 'Sympathy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5864532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164850336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487', 'display_name': 'Interpersonal communication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5156733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207546712', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5710255', 'display_name': 'Helping behavior', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47463998}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3686931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S166148025', 'display_name': 'Journal of Research on Adolescence', 'issn_l': '1050-8392', 'issn': ['1050-8392', '1532-7795'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2893741', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2893741?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893741', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592955', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2893741', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2893741?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'display_name': 'Gender equality'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 73, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W129168628', 'https://openalex.org/W1541047567', 'https://openalex.org/W1542722502', 'https://openalex.org/W1546679193', 'https://openalex.org/W1560460460', 'https://openalex.org/W1675163538', 'https://openalex.org/W1686304851', 'https://openalex.org/W1780801739', 'https://openalex.org/W183173049', 'https://openalex.org/W1853322427', 'https://openalex.org/W1858654057', 'https://openalex.org/W1945524409', 'https://openalex.org/W1967011220', 'https://openalex.org/W1968634614', 'https://openalex.org/W1975000068', 'https://openalex.org/W1980083892', 'https://openalex.org/W1980532266', 'https://openalex.org/W1982762567', 'https://openalex.org/W1987697323', 'https://openalex.org/W1990625895', 'https://openalex.org/W1991085975', 'https://openalex.org/W1996449343', 'https://openalex.org/W1999461920', 'https://openalex.org/W2003755758', 'https://openalex.org/W2008627659', 'https://openalex.org/W2013216276', 'https://openalex.org/W2015220352', 'https://openalex.org/W2027690865', 'https://openalex.org/W2036646375', 'https://openalex.org/W2043597453', 'https://openalex.org/W2045506564', 'https://openalex.org/W2045906587', 'https://openalex.org/W2050899653', 'https://openalex.org/W2053169735', 'https://openalex.org/W2053275310', 'https://openalex.org/W2061327670', 'https://openalex.org/W2064413875', 'https://openalex.org/W2065919028', 'https://openalex.org/W2068056994', 'https://openalex.org/W2069613430', 'https://openalex.org/W2082798268', 'https://openalex.org/W2086414755', 'https://openalex.org/W2094100585', 'https://openalex.org/W2094784144', 'https://openalex.org/W2105886063', 'https://openalex.org/W2119169413', 'https://openalex.org/W2119206526', 'https://openalex.org/W2128684072', 'https://openalex.org/W2131490687', 'https://openalex.org/W2132240010', 'https://openalex.org/W2145505710', 'https://openalex.org/W2161585317', 'https://openalex.org/W219080217', 'https://openalex.org/W2505624357', 'https://openalex.org/W2797201642', 'https://openalex.org/W2890559785', 'https://openalex.org/W3139616589', 'https://openalex.org/W3143515237', 'https://openalex.org/W3169791305', 'https://openalex.org/W4212769276', 'https://openalex.org/W4232113787', 'https://openalex.org/W4232688458', 'https://openalex.org/W4234474510', 'https://openalex.org/W4236243945', 'https://openalex.org/W4242300465', 'https://openalex.org/W4245300356', 'https://openalex.org/W4247442712', 'https://openalex.org/W4295681486', 'https://openalex.org/W591667886', 'https://openalex.org/W595569460', 'https://openalex.org/W629408232', 'https://openalex.org/W655492449', 'https://openalex.org/W66573504'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4213243418', 'https://openalex.org/W2912675163', 'https://openalex.org/W2773985656', 'https://openalex.org/W2565774283', 'https://openalex.org/W2275752360', 'https://openalex.org/W2183271856', 'https://openalex.org/W2097415821', 'https://openalex.org/W1995636161', 'https://openalex.org/W1694863721', 'https://openalex.org/W150710697'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Age': [0], "changes'": [1], 'measures': [2], 'of': [3, 12, 103, 122], 'prosocial': [4, 17, 40, 123, 138], 'responding': [5], 'and': [6, 16, 28, 37, 54, 93, 119], 'reasoning': [7, 19, 42, 98, 111], 'were': [8, 20], 'examined.': [9], "Participants'": [10], 'reports': [11], 'helping,': [13, 141], 'empathy‐related': [14], 'responding,': [15], 'moral': [18, 41, 61, 110, 124], 'obtained': [21], 'in': [22, 107], 'adolescence': [23, 45, 73], '(from': [24], 'age': [25, 32], '15–16': [26], 'years)': [27], 'into': [29, 46, 74], 'adulthood': [30], '(to': [31], '25–26': [33], 'years).': [34], 'Perspective': [35], 'taking': [36, 118], 'approval/interpersonal': [38], 'oriented/stereotypic': [39], 'increased': [43, 56, 70], 'from': [44, 71], 'adulthood,': [47], 'whereas': [48, 136], 'personal': [49], 'distress': [50], 'declined.': [51], 'Helping': [52], 'declined': [53, 87], 'then': [55], '(a': [57], 'cubic': [58, 94], 'trend).': [59], 'Prosocial': [60], 'judgment': [62], 'composite': [63], 'scores': [64], '(and': [65], 'self‐reflective': [66, 108], 'empathic': [67, 109], 'reasoning)': [68], 'generally': [69], 'late': [72], 'the': [75, 100, 131], 'early': [76], '20s': [77], '(age': [78], '17–18': [79], 'to': [80], '21–22)': [81], 'but': [82], 'either': [83], 'leveled': [84], 'off': [85], 'or': [86], 'slightly': [88], 'thereafter': [89], '(i.e.,': [90, 140], 'showed': [91, 99], 'linear': [92], 'trends);': [95], 'rudimentary': [96], 'needs‐oriented': [97], 'reverse': [101], 'pattern': [102], 'change.': [104], 'The': [105], 'increase': [106, 145], 'was': [112], 'for': [113], 'females': [114], 'only.': [115], 'Thus,': [116], 'perspective': [117], 'some': [120], 'aspects': [121], 'reasoning—capacities': [125], 'with': [126, 134, 146], 'a': [127], 'strong': [128], 'sociocognitive': [129], 'basis—showed': [130], 'clearest': [132], 'increases': [133], 'age,': [135], 'simple': [137], 'proclivities': [139], 'sympathy)': [142], 'did': [143], 'not': [144], 'age.': [147]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2154837946', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 22}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T04:36:52.112892', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}