Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2154795209', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'title': 'Association Mapping for Enhancing Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genetic Improvement', 'display_name': 'Association Mapping for Enhancing Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genetic Improvement', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-02-18', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2154795209', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'mag': '2154795209'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S48277251', 'display_name': 'Crop Science', 'issn_l': '0011-183X', 'issn': ['0011-183X', '1435-0653'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013355549', 'display_name': 'Jianbing Yan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-7811'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I52158045', 'display_name': 'China Agricultural University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v3ywz14', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I52158045']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21740220', 'display_name': 'Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gvhpa76', 'country_code': 'MX', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286583668', 'https://openalex.org/I21740220']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'MX'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jianbing Yan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apartado Postal 6-640, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico', 'National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193 China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193 China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52158045']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apartado Postal 6-640, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21740220']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070200949', 'display_name': 'Marilyn L. Warburton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-9912'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99041443', 'display_name': 'Mississippi State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0432jq872', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210141039', 'https://openalex.org/I99041443']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marilyn Warburton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['USDA-ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS, 39762'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'USDA-ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS, 39762', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99041443']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113487424', 'display_name': 'Jonathan H. Crouch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21740220', 'display_name': 'Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gvhpa76', 'country_code': 'MX', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286583668', 'https://openalex.org/I21740220']}], 'countries': ['MX'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jonathan Crouch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apartado Postal 6-640, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apartado Postal 6-640, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21740220']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5013355549'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52158045', 'https://openalex.org/I21740220'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 13.183, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 325, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999952, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '51', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '433', 'last_page': '449'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10594', 'display_name': 'Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11229', 'display_name': 'Genetics and Plant Breeding', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/association-mapping', 'display_name': 'Association mapping', 'score': 0.8168237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-disequilibrium', 'display_name': 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'score': 0.6694148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-association', 'display_name': 'Genetic Association', 'score': 0.62790906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study', 'display_name': 'Genome-wide Association Study', 'score': 0.62304276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-architecture', 'display_name': 'Genetic architecture', 'score': 0.50861394}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.817763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134443026', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4809584', 'display_name': 'Association mapping', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8168237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C35605836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064311', 'display_name': 'Linkage disequilibrium', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6694148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186413461', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727', 'display_name': 'Genetic association', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.62790906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106208931', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876', 'display_name': 'Genome-wide association study', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.62304276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81941488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421', 'display_name': 'Quantitative trait locus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5821413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9287583', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532883', 'display_name': 'Genetic architecture', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50861394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31467283', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912147', 'display_name': 'Genotyping', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.49061885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C122735190', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715789', 'display_name': 'Gene mapping', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45790124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45281145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42390326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38859087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34931248}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180754005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726', 'display_name': 'Allele', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2569558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15843335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197754878', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711', 'display_name': 'Haplotype', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.14953223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135763542', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016', 'display_name': 'Genotype', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.14355749}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153209595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128', 'display_name': 'Single-nucleotide polymorphism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.10867414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30481170', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748', 'display_name': 'Chromosome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S48277251', 'display_name': 'Crop Science', 'issn_l': '0011-183X', 'issn': ['0011-183X', '1435-0653'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S48277251', 'display_name': 'Crop Science', 'issn_l': '0011-183X', 'issn': ['0011-183X', '1435-0653'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306137', 'funder_display_name': 'Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 129, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1486449408', 'https://openalex.org/W1524943018', 'https://openalex.org/W1543011164', 'https://openalex.org/W1568200847', 'https://openalex.org/W1787410962', 'https://openalex.org/W1816932740', 'https://openalex.org/W1826574233', 'https://openalex.org/W1928998639', 'https://openalex.org/W1965132621', 'https://openalex.org/W1965810317', 'https://openalex.org/W1966543808', 'https://openalex.org/W1970311849', 'https://openalex.org/W1971842428', 'https://openalex.org/W1972039514', 'https://openalex.org/W1975921811', 'https://openalex.org/W1977708739', 'https://openalex.org/W1978615187', 'https://openalex.org/W1980991473', 'https://openalex.org/W1984407331', 'https://openalex.org/W1989374817', 'https://openalex.org/W1990401409', 'https://openalex.org/W1991654210', 'https://openalex.org/W1992106141', 'https://openalex.org/W1996172875', 'https://openalex.org/W1996797740', 'https://openalex.org/W1999908089', 'https://openalex.org/W2000186580', 'https://openalex.org/W2001675230', 'https://openalex.org/W2005047475', 'https://openalex.org/W2006991042', 'https://openalex.org/W2007997039', 'https://openalex.org/W2008047653', 'https://openalex.org/W2009813581', 'https://openalex.org/W2011890534', 'https://openalex.org/W2014704298', 'https://openalex.org/W2015552950', 'https://openalex.org/W2021753580', 'https://openalex.org/W2021977030', 'https://openalex.org/W2023863037', 'https://openalex.org/W2025238960', 'https://openalex.org/W2033191291', 'https://openalex.org/W2036210716', 'https://openalex.org/W2039883326', 'https://openalex.org/W2041549750', 'https://openalex.org/W2043424508', 'https://openalex.org/W2044686430', 'https://openalex.org/W2048303803', 'https://openalex.org/W2049409070', 'https://openalex.org/W2051311491', 'https://openalex.org/W2053175511', 'https://openalex.org/W2055857496', 'https://openalex.org/W2062442586', 'https://openalex.org/W2065914982', 'https://openalex.org/W2066035092', 'https://openalex.org/W2070049784', 'https://openalex.org/W2072389048', 'https://openalex.org/W2073970020', 'https://openalex.org/W2074981513', 'https://openalex.org/W2076243827', 'https://openalex.org/W2076773821', 'https://openalex.org/W2080315206', 'https://openalex.org/W2089506586', 'https://openalex.org/W2095328049', 'https://openalex.org/W2098773881', 'https://openalex.org/W2098919825', 'https://openalex.org/W2100082928', 'https://openalex.org/W2100688536', 'https://openalex.org/W2101437903', 'https://openalex.org/W2102934288', 'https://openalex.org/W2103476517', 'https://openalex.org/W2104905104', 'https://openalex.org/W2105269157', 'https://openalex.org/W2105894256', 'https://openalex.org/W2108169091', 'https://openalex.org/W2111695923', 'https://openalex.org/W2114136179', 'https://openalex.org/W2114471002', 'https://openalex.org/W2114729164', 'https://openalex.org/W2117055393', 'https://openalex.org/W2118246164', 'https://openalex.org/W2118526609', 'https://openalex.org/W2119264284', 'https://openalex.org/W2122721828', 'https://openalex.org/W2123090635', 'https://openalex.org/W2124390519', 'https://openalex.org/W2125066647', 'https://openalex.org/W2126718294', 'https://openalex.org/W2127586676', 'https://openalex.org/W2131354461', 'https://openalex.org/W2131740344', 'https://openalex.org/W2133787786', 'https://openalex.org/W2134036574', 'https://openalex.org/W2134070988', 'https://openalex.org/W2135168743', 'https://openalex.org/W2135434511', 'https://openalex.org/W2135854639', 'https://openalex.org/W2136078375', 'https://openalex.org/W2137341544', 'https://openalex.org/W2137797806', 'https://openalex.org/W2141113133', 'https://openalex.org/W2141916112', 'https://openalex.org/W2142486812', 'https://openalex.org/W2143153648', 'https://openalex.org/W2145083705', 'https://openalex.org/W2147664031', 'https://openalex.org/W2151444581', 'https://openalex.org/W2154062191', 'https://openalex.org/W2154443586', 'https://openalex.org/W2155097508', 'https://openalex.org/W2155496693', 'https://openalex.org/W2155820202', 'https://openalex.org/W2156151358', 'https://openalex.org/W2156622081', 'https://openalex.org/W2157752701', 'https://openalex.org/W2158489424', 'https://openalex.org/W2158733565', 'https://openalex.org/W2161339576', 'https://openalex.org/W2163749250', 'https://openalex.org/W2165896265', 'https://openalex.org/W2167315684', 'https://openalex.org/W2167563188', 'https://openalex.org/W2170832827', 'https://openalex.org/W2335281243', 'https://openalex.org/W2336655473', 'https://openalex.org/W2383966548', 'https://openalex.org/W30400323', 'https://openalex.org/W3151499617', 'https://openalex.org/W4235874578', 'https://openalex.org/W4299540418'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4212923765', 'https://openalex.org/W30400323', 'https://openalex.org/W2800726709', 'https://openalex.org/W2200278762', 'https://openalex.org/W2131251647', 'https://openalex.org/W1998165549', 'https://openalex.org/W1979080424', 'https://openalex.org/W1969997927', 'https://openalex.org/W1523912222', 'https://openalex.org/W1480804049'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Association': [1], 'mapping': [2, 57, 77, 107, 133, 170], 'through': [3], 'linkage': [4], 'disequilibrium': [5], '(LD)': [6], 'analysis': [7, 155], 'is': [8], 'a': [9, 32], 'powerful': [10], 'tool': [11], 'for': [12, 20, 65, 179, 191], 'the': [13, 21, 29, 36, 50, 62, 79, 96, 129, 140, 163, 176], 'dissection': [14], 'of': [15, 23, 31, 38, 54, 81, 85, 98, 131, 139, 143, 168], 'complex': [16, 144], 'agronomic': [17], 'traits': [18], 'and': [19, 43, 52, 78, 90, 101, 134, 150, 165, 195], 'identification': [22], 'alleles': [24], 'that': [25, 109, 125], 'can': [26], 'contribute': [27], 'to': [28, 127], 'enhancement': [30], 'target': [33], 'trait.': [34], 'With': [35], 'developments': [37, 120], 'high': [39], 'throughput': [40], 'genotyping': [41, 123], 'techniques': [42, 124], 'advanced': [44], 'statistical': [45], 'approaches': [46], 'as': [47, 49], 'well': [48], 'assembling': [51], 'characterization': [53], 'multiple': [55], 'association': [56, 66, 76, 106, 132, 169], 'panels,': [58], 'maize': [59, 75, 105, 172], 'has': [60, 110], 'become': [61], 'model': [63], 'crop': [64, 190], 'analysis.': [67], 'In': [68, 115, 159], 'this': [69, 189], 'paper,': [70], 'we': [71, 117, 161], 'summarize': [72], 'progress': [73], 'in': [74, 104, 121, 182], 'impacts': [80, 167], 'genetic': [82, 141], 'diversity,': [83], 'rate': [84], 'LD': [86], 'decay,': [87], 'population': [88, 91], 'size,': [89], 'structure.': [92], 'We': [93], 'also': [94], 'review': [95, 162], 'use': [97], 'candidate': [99], 'genes': [100], 'gene‐based': [102], 'markers': [103], 'studies': [108, 156], 'generated': [111], 'particularly': [112], 'promising': [113], 'results.': [114], 'addition,': [116], 'examine': [118], 'recent': [119], 'genome‐wide': [122, 154], 'promise': [126], 'improve': [128], 'power': [130], 'significantly': [135], 'refine': [136], 'our': [137], 'understanding': [138], 'architecture': [142], 'quantitative': [145], 'traits.': [146], 'The': [147], 'new': [148], 'challenges': [149], 'opportunities': [151], 'associated': [152], 'with': [153, 175], 'are': [157, 186], 'discussed.': [158], 'conclusion,': [160], 'current': [164], 'future': [166], 'on': [171, 188], 'improvement': [173], 'along': [174], 'potential': [177], 'benefits': [178], 'poor': [180], 'people': [181], 'developing': [183], 'countries': [184], 'who': [185], 'dependent': [187], 'their': [192], 'food': [193], 'security': [194], 'livelihoods.': [196]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2154795209', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 19}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T13:07:55.200731', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}