Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2153518138', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.002228', 'title': 'Recurrent networks in human visual cortex: psychophysical evidence', 'display_name': 'Recurrent networks in human visual cortex: psychophysical evidence', 'publication_year': 2001, 'publication_date': '2001-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2153518138', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.002228', 'mag': '2153518138', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11551058'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.002228', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S130108588', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Optical Society of America A', 'issn_l': '1084-7529', 'issn': ['1084-7529', '1520-8532'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012397656', 'display_name': 'Yael Adini', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I53964585', 'display_name': 'Weizmann Institute of Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0316ej306', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I53964585']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Yael Adini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot\u200976100, Israel'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot\u200976100, Israel', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I53964585']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022413450', 'display_name': 'Dov Sagi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-9230'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I53964585', 'display_name': 'Weizmann Institute of Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0316ej306', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I53964585']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Dov Sagi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot\u200976100, Israel'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot\u200976100, Israel', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I53964585']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5012397656', 'https://openalex.org/A5022413450'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I53964585', 'https://openalex.org/I53964585'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.032, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 41, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.846609, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '2228', 'last_page': '2228'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neural dynamics and brain function', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11666', 'display_name': 'Color Science and Applications', 'score': 0.9749, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neocortex', 'display_name': 'Neocortex', 'score': 0.6062779}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30181142', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103', 'display_name': 'Foveal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76448715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779345533', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785', 'display_name': 'Visual cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64745736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777222312', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726562', 'display_name': 'Neocortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6062779}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776502983', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182', 'display_name': 'Contrast (vision)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5878943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5841903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112592302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387', 'display_name': 'Excitatory postsynaptic potential', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44305912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4245131}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39248258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17077164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869', 'display_name': 'Inhibitory postsynaptic potential', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37459987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24726942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23271334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780827179', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001', 'display_name': 'Retinal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009415', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Net', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014793', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015350', 'descriptor_name': 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015350', 'descriptor_name': 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004192', 'descriptor_name': 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005584', 'descriptor_name': 'Fovea Centralis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005584', 'descriptor_name': 'Fovea Centralis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016014', 'descriptor_name': 'Linear Models', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008959', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Neurological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009415', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Net', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010470', 'descriptor_name': 'Perceptual Masking', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011601', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychophysics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011601', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychophysics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012684', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensory Thresholds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013028', 'descriptor_name': 'Space Perception', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013028', 'descriptor_name': 'Space Perception', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014793', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014795', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Pathways', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014795', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Pathways', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.002228', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S130108588', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Optical Society of America A', 'issn_l': '1084-7529', 'issn': ['1084-7529', '1520-8532'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11551058', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.64, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 49, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1132072435', 'https://openalex.org/W1504757957', 'https://openalex.org/W1530946731', 'https://openalex.org/W1552469029', 'https://openalex.org/W1552891464', 'https://openalex.org/W1583403870', 'https://openalex.org/W1642003289', 'https://openalex.org/W1968735130', 'https://openalex.org/W1984578972', 'https://openalex.org/W1986082632', 'https://openalex.org/W1988773134', 'https://openalex.org/W1993256372', 'https://openalex.org/W1994129632', 'https://openalex.org/W1996242427', 'https://openalex.org/W1998718390', 'https://openalex.org/W1999908130', 'https://openalex.org/W2004880183', 'https://openalex.org/W2005956130', 'https://openalex.org/W2006500012', 'https://openalex.org/W2010283139', 'https://openalex.org/W2017894640', 'https://openalex.org/W2029194217', 'https://openalex.org/W2029346512', 'https://openalex.org/W2031557301', 'https://openalex.org/W2035623690', 'https://openalex.org/W2038718814', 'https://openalex.org/W2042179283', 'https://openalex.org/W2045014974', 'https://openalex.org/W2056987494', 'https://openalex.org/W2057180755', 'https://openalex.org/W2058778907', 'https://openalex.org/W2062383499', 'https://openalex.org/W2069206124', 'https://openalex.org/W2069714511', 'https://openalex.org/W2072353647', 'https://openalex.org/W2078759333', 'https://openalex.org/W2079721233', 'https://openalex.org/W2088975380', 'https://openalex.org/W2108653818', 'https://openalex.org/W2132130858', 'https://openalex.org/W2139868924', 'https://openalex.org/W2148329528', 'https://openalex.org/W2149316826', 'https://openalex.org/W2151518221', 'https://openalex.org/W2167553001', 'https://openalex.org/W2168400331', 'https://openalex.org/W2169915590', 'https://openalex.org/W2170319235', 'https://openalex.org/W2973818247'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4303432678', 'https://openalex.org/W2974163011', 'https://openalex.org/W2950596497', 'https://openalex.org/W2436760910', 'https://openalex.org/W2142526561', 'https://openalex.org/W2137821247', 'https://openalex.org/W2106951973', 'https://openalex.org/W2043864725', 'https://openalex.org/W2043066229', 'https://openalex.org/W2023878078'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'To': [0], 'study': [1], 'the': [2, 11, 25, 36, 51, 64, 67, 70, 77, 81, 107, 111, 116, 119, 130, 137], 'neuronal': [3, 134], 'circuitry': [4], 'underlying': [5], 'visual': [6], 'spatial-integration': [7], 'processes,': [8], 'we': [9, 101], 'measured': [10], 'effect': [12], 'of': [13, 18, 28, 39, 53, 56, 66, 80, 99, 113, 132], 'short': [14], 'and': [15, 48, 89, 110], 'long': [16], 'chains': [17], 'proximal': [19, 82], 'Gabor-signal': [20], '(GS)': [21], 'flankers': [22, 68, 83], '(σ=λ=0.15°)': [23], 'on': [24], 'contrast-discrimination': [26], 'function': [27], 'a': [29, 54, 103], 'foveal': [30], 'GS': [31], 'target.': [32], 'We': [33], 'found': [34, 102], 'that': [35, 76, 118, 128], 'same': [37], 'pattern': [38], 'lateral': [40], 'masks': [41], 'enhanced': [42], 'target': [43], 'detection': [44], 'with': [45], 'low-contrast': [46], 'pedestals': [47], 'strongly': [49], 'suppressed': [50], 'discrimination': [52, 108, 120], 'range': [55], 'intermediate': [57], 'pedestal': [58], 'contrasts': [59], '(pedestal': [60], 'contrast': [61], '<30%).': [62], 'Increasing': [63], 'number': [65, 98, 112], 'reversed': [69], 'suppressive': [71], 'effect.': [72], 'The': [73], 'data': [74], 'suggest': [75], 'main': [78], 'influence': [79], 'is': [84], 'maintained': [85], 'by': [86, 91, 124], 'activity-dependent': [87], 'interactions': [88], 'not': [90], 'linear': [92], 'spatial': [93], 'summation.': [94], 'With': [95], 'an': [96], 'increased': [97], 'flankers,': [100, 114], 'nonmonotonic': [104], 'relationship': [105], 'between': [106], 'thresholds': [109, 121], 'supporting': [115], 'notion': [117], 'are': [122], 'mediated': [123], 'excitatory–inhibitory': [125], 'recurrent': [126], 'networks': [127], 'manifest': [129], 'dynamics': [131], 'large': [133], 'populations': [135], 'in': [136], 'neocortex': [138], '[Proc.': [139], 'Natl.': [140], 'Acad.': [141], 'Sci.': [142], 'USA94,': [143], '10426': [144], '(1997)].': [145]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153518138', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T18:58:11.527833', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}