P2X7 Mediates Superoxide Production in Primary Microglia and Is Up-regulated in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Lav K. Parvathenani; Svetlana Tertyshnikova; Corinne Greco; Susan B. Roberts; Barbara Robertson; Rand Posmantur
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673, 713, 806, 986, 999, 1009, 1026, 1087, 1095, 1109, 1176, 1240, 1286, 1514, 1534, 1610, 1628, 1667, 1674, 1708, 1737, 1746, 1751, 1762, 1841, 1885, 1899, 1903, 1917, 1974, 2007, 2010, 2146, 2170, 2178, 2237, 2263, 2323, 2343, 2378, 2455, 2492, 2653, 2668, 2739, 2767, 2787, 2841, 2848, 2884, 2892, 2972, 3167, 3194, 3384, 3433, 3454, 3488, 3504, 3556, 3565, 3575, 3581, 3587, 3601, 3603, 3616, 3635, 3686, 3707, 3710, 3743, 3756, 3788, 3803, 3813, 3825, 3842, 3865, 3897, 3917, 3961, 4033, 4035, 4057, 4084, 4088, 4098, 4110, 4119, 4130, 4165, 4185, 4251, 4295, 4312, 4332, 4411, 4432, 4439], 'superoxide': [16, 135, 258, 1241, 1705, 3417, 3608, 3632], '(O2⨪).': [17, 136], 'BzATP': [20, 86, 139, 205, 1121, 2066, 2221, 2449, 2462, 3413, 3471, 3497, 3512, 3534, 3626, 3647, 3664, 3667, 3679, 3692, 3699, 3733, 3793, 3817, 3845, 3880, 3890, 3921, 3928, 4021, 4074, 4145, 4151, 4214, 4284, 4415], 'stimulate': [21, 140, 2070, 4008, 4024, 4092], 'O2⨪': [22, 31, 71, 141, 150, 190, 1696, 1918, 3582, 3588, 3641, 3656], 'production': [23, 72, 142, 191, 667, 1697, 3453, 3558, 3586, 3642, 3873, 4040, 4094, 4109, 4118, 4143, 4154, 4169, 4218, 4294], 'through': [24, 34, 143, 153, 810, 1487, 1664, 2969, 4123, 4156], 'purinergic': [25, 144, 1224], 'receptors,': [26, 145, 1103, 4090], 'primarily': [27, 146, 4155, 4453], 'the': [28, 35, 38, 147, 154, 157, 405, 671, 681, 813, 895, 987, 1000, 1007, 1027, 1085, 1101, 1115, 1127, 1182, 1223, 1238, 1275, 1382, 1469, 1509, 1515, 1559, 1590, 1611, 1665, 1672, 1742, 1760, 1800, 1834, 1839, 1851, 1914, 1985, 2054, 2062, 2071, 2075, 2087, 2176, 2229, 2307, 2312, 2335, 2347, 2367, 2453, 2618, 2638, 2661, 2669, 2677, 2693, 2696, 2737, 2745, 2765, 2781, 2785, 2815, 2819, 2846, 3098, 3105, 3267, 3291, 3376, 3489, 3552, 3561, 3573, 3585, 3614, 3684, 3741, 3780, 3784, 3801, 3823, 3915, 3920, 3938, 4031, 4055, 4067, 4096, 4108, 4117, 4124, 4157, 4163, 4247, 4279, 4293, 4299, 4303, 4313, 4409, 4430, 4433, 4437, 4442, 4445], 'P2X7': [29, 103, 148, 222, 979, 1001, 1177, 1232, 1279, 1290, 1334, 2626, 2645, 2655, 2672, 3035, 3231, 4125, 4158, 4166, 4321], 'receptor.': [30, 149, 4159], 'is': [32, 151, 676, 981, 1003, 1122, 1172, 2830, 3546, 3577, 4436, 4452], 'produced': [33, 152], 'activation': [36, 155, 1187, 1292, 4410, 4431], 'NADPH': [39, 158, 4301, 4314, 4324, 4412, 4422, 4434], 'oxidase.': [40, 159, 4325], 'Although': [41, 160], 'both': [42, 161, 299, 690, 919, 2346, 2446, 3551, 3866, 3951, 4071], 'p42/44': [43, 162, 1322, 2601], 'MAPK': [44, 47, 61, 163, 166, 180, 1320, 1323, 2531, 2534, 2602, 2605], 'p38': [46, 60, 81, 165, 179, 200, 1319, 2604], 'were': [48, 167, 1219, 1304, 1313, 1326, 1338, 1354, 1379, 1389, 1399, 1428, 1462, 1498, 1530, 1580, 1592, 1615, 1623, 1797, 1830, 1987, 2024, 2036, 2067, 2081, 2084, 2154, 2164, 2214, 2226, 2295, 2372, 2407, 2434, 2521, 2546, 2569, 2575, 2593, 2615, 2634, 2714, 2728, 2757, 2777, 2858, 2899, 2906, 2916, 2932, 2941, 2957, 2964, 2997, 3023, 3087, 3112, 3129, 3161, 3189, 3199, 3232, 3238, 3270, 3282, 3310, 3323, 3347, 3657, 3661, 3712, 3860, 3891, 3903, 4135, 4237, 4268, 4316, 4342], 'activated': [49, 168], 'rapidly': [50, 169, 3414], 'in': [51, 111, 170, 230, 295, 554, 680, 716, 1005, 1024, 1090, 1227, 1229, 1237, 1242, 1274, 1281, 1298, 1421, 1444, 1562, 1570, 1700, 1759, 1791, 1823, 1838, 1853, 2042, 2131, 2212, 2234, 2320, 2399, 2409, 2508, 2538, 2608, 2704, 2764, 2818, 2854, 2872, 2894, 2936, 2943, 2952, 2966, 2976, 2981, 2999, 3008, 3013, 3045, 3050, 3066, 3114, 3131, 3140, 3154, 3164, 3201, 3211, 3217, 3241, 3255, 3260, 3266, 3314, 3330, 3351, 3419, 3493, 3550, 3572, 3620, 3631, 3655, 3672, 3688, 3783, 3795, 3800, 3822, 3906, 4054, 4069, 4112, 4167, 4239, 4246, 4394, 4416, 4421, 4429], 'cells': [52, 171, 413, 688, 985, 1497, 1576, 1607, 1613, 1837, 1890, 1986, 2083, 2105, 2406, 2433, 2443, 2727, 2756, 2816, 3494, 3730, 4174, 4240], 'BzATP,': [55, 174, 3869, 4085], 'only': [56, 175, 3931, 4025, 4076], 'pharmacological': [57, 176, 1217], 'inhibition': [58, 177, 3600], 'attenuated': [62, 70, 181, 189], 'O2⨪production.': [63, 182], 'Furthermore,': [64, 183], 'an': [65, 78, 184, 197, 677, 1472, 2144, 2553, 3578, 4086], 'inhibitor': [66, 79, 185, 198, 2265, 4184], 'phosphatidylinositol': [68, 187, 261], '3-kinase': [69, 188, 262], 'to': [73, 97, 192, 216, 402, 404, 419, 548, 670, 1015, 1018, 1083, 1099, 1113, 1181, 1221, 1413, 1430, 1755, 1908, 1912, 1979, 1989, 2015, 2069, 2175, 2286, 2374, 2445, 2502, 2637, 2649, 2659, 2665, 2692, 2695, 2730, 2736, 2889, 2990, 3092, 3147, 3182, 3399, 3445, 3568, 3612, 3721, 3746, 4007, 4023, 4050, 4079, 4091, 4260, 4285, 4292, 4318, 4444], 'a': [74, 112, 193, 231, 550, 711, 1123, 1173, 1235, 1247, 1269, 1282, 1295, 1431, 1445, 1458, 1488, 1734, 1824, 1869, 1892, 1971, 1990, 1994, 2017, 2111, 2132, 2275, 2355, 2438, 2497, 2644, 2681, 2717, 2742, 2797, 2807, 2822, 2831, 2873, 2895, 2909, 2970, 3165, 3173, 3192, 3285, 3343, 3392, 3547, 3592, 3628, 3651, 3669, 3750, 3796, 3810, 3819, 4179, 4418], 'greater': [75, 194], 'extent': [76, 195], 'than': [77, 196, 3515, 3539, 3835, 3852, 4221], 'MAPK.': [82, 201], 'Both': [83, 202, 4043, 4137], 'microglia-induced': [88, 207], 'cortical': [89, 208, 1527, 2724, 2755, 2790], 'cell': [90, 209, 1028, 1528, 2230, 2362, 2390, 2809, 2842], 'death': [91, 210, 1025], 'indicating': [92, 211, 3715, 3926], 'this': [93, 101, 212, 220, 1214, 1254, 1731, 2383, 4102], 'pathway': [94, 213, 1251], 'may': [95, 214], 'contribute': [96, 215, 403, 669, 4291], 'neurodegeneration.': [98, 217], 'Consistent': [99, 218], 'hypothesis,': [102, 221], 'receptor': [104, 223, 980, 1002, 1129, 1183, 1233, 1280, 1291, 4281, 4322], 'was': [105, 224, 1272, 1343, 1419, 1451, 1485, 1517, 1566, 1661, 1698, 1765, 1855, 1881, 1910, 1977, 2012, 2108, 2119, 2126, 2141, 2172, 2232, 2310, 2318, 2332, 2352, 2364, 2392, 2467, 2494, 2564, 2663, 2674, 2747, 2794, 2812, 2870, 2887, 3058, 3103, 3108, 3180, 3373, 3389, 3397, 3447, 3472, 3483, 3491, 3513, 3589, 3610, 3648, 3693, 3718, 3777, 3831, 3850, 3923, 3929, 3942, 4041, 4048, 4121, 4170, 4424], 'specifically': [106, 225], 'up-regulated': [107, 226], 'around': [108, 227], 'β-amyloid': [109, 228], 'plaques': [110, 229], 'mouse': [113, 232, 1284], 'model': [114, 233, 1285], "Alzheimer's": [116, 235, 238, 408], 'disease': [117, 236, 239, 409], '(Tg2576).': [118, 237], '4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl': [240, 4339], 'fluoride': [241, 4340], 'diphenyleneiodonium': [245, 4334], 'chloride': [246, 4335], 'extracellular': [247, 915, 3895, 3918, 3932, 3959, 4018, 4029, 4036, 4058, 4077, 4099], 'signal-regulated': [248], 'protein': [249, 256, 286, 289, 2344, 2493, 3385], 'kinase': [250, 257], 'hydrogen': [251, 1668, 3424], 'peroxide': [252, 1669, 3425], 'interferon-γ': [253], 'lipopolysaccharide': [254], 'mitogen-activated': [255], 'oxidized': [259], 'phorbol': [263, 3521], '12-myristate': [264, 3522], '13-acetate': [265, 3523], 'pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′4-disulfonic': [266], 'acid': [267, 275, 2651, 3911], 'reactive': [268], 'oxygen': [269, 508], 'intermediates': [270, 509], 'tumor': [271], 'necrosis': [272], 'factor-α': [273], '1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic': [274], "Hanks'": [276, 1792], 'balanced': [277, 1793], 'salt': [278, 1794], 'solution': [279, 1795, 2984], 'nitro': [280, 1904], 'blue': [281, 1905], 'tetrazolium': [282, 1906, 2849], 'glial': [283], 'fibrillary': [284], 'acidic': [285], 'amyloid': [287], 'precursor': [288], 'Activated': [290], 'have': [292, 1080], 'been': [293, 1081], 'observed': [294, 3658], 'patients': [296], 'suffering': [297], 'from': [298, 687, 904, 914, 1306, 1328, 1340, 1345, 1355, 1363, 1381, 1391, 1401, 1532, 1625, 2103, 2394, 2772, 2780, 2784, 2801, 2826, 3089, 3297, 3386, 4011, 4017, 4028, 4405, 4441], 'acute': [300], '(stroke)': [301], 'chronic': [303], "(Alzheimer's": [304], 'disease)': [305], 'neurological': [306], 'disorders': [307], '(1Cagnin': [308], 'A.': [309, 331, 383, 760, 837, 878, 965, 3975, 4197], 'Brooks': [310], 'D.J.': [311], 'Kennedy': [312], 'A.M.': [313], 'Gunn': [314, 376], 'R.N.': [315, 377], 'Myers': [316, 378], 'R.': [317, 379, 457, 473, 479, 486, 610, 626, 632, 639, 927, 1548, 2479], 'Turkheimer': [318, 336], 'F.E.': [319], 'Jones': [320, 384], 'T.': [321, 351, 385, 496, 649, 3971], 'Banati': [322, 388, 926], 'R.B.': [323, 389, 1713, 1921], 'Pappata': [324], 'S.': [325, 373, 425, 427, 445, 490, 522, 578, 580, 598, 643, 719, 731, 764, 784, 833, 874, 959, 1034, 1063, 1156, 1193], 'Levasseur': [326, 374], 'M.': [327, 375, 439, 451, 592, 604, 758, 787, 839, 880, 961, 1037, 1057, 1152, 1191, 1197], 'Crouzel': [328, 380], 'C.': [329, 381, 469, 622, 963, 1139, 1933, 1943, 1949, 3991], 'Syrota': [330, 382], 'Kreutzberg': [332, 386], 'G.W.': [333, 387], 'Newcombe': [334], 'J.': [335, 431, 465, 471, 530, 584, 618, 624, 732, 745, 769, 948, 968, 1162, 1201, 1643, 1685, 1775, 1935, 1952, 2190, 3766, 4345, 4353, 4376], 'F.': [337, 339, 343, 529, 744, 794, 827, 868, 1044, 1161, 1200], 'Heppner': [338], 'Price': [340], 'G.': [341, 345, 355, 453, 467, 494, 606, 620, 647, 789, 791, 841, 882, 967, 1039, 1041], 'Wegner': [342], 'Giovannoni': [344], 'Miller': [346], 'D.H.': [347], 'Perkin': [348], 'G.D.': [349], 'Smith': [350], 'Hewson': [352], 'A.K.': [353], 'Bydder': [354], 'Cuzner': [356], 'M.L.': [357], 'Lancet.': [358], '2001;': [359, 734, 845, 886], '358:': [360], '461-467Abstract': [361], 'Full': [362, 364, 536, 538, 1207, 1649, 1651, 1958, 1960, 2196, 2198, 4382, 4384], 'Text': [363, 365, 537, 539, 1208, 1650, 1652, 1959, 1961, 2197, 2199, 4383, 4385], 'PDF': [366, 540, 1209, 1653, 1962, 2200, 4386], 'PubMed': [367, 394, 502, 541, 655, 704, 737, 750, 774, 799, 848, 889, 934, 953, 1049, 1071, 1210, 1553, 1654, 1691, 1719, 1781, 1927, 1963, 2201, 2484, 3772, 3980, 3999, 4203, 4361, 4387], 'Scopus': [368, 395, 503, 542, 656, 705, 751, 775, 800, 849, 890, 935, 954, 974, 1050, 1072, 1554, 1655, 1692, 1720, 1782, 1928, 1964, 2202, 2485, 3773, 3981, 4000, 4204, 4362, 4388], '(905)': [369], 'Google': [370, 397, 505, 544, 658, 707, 738, 753, 777, 802, 851, 892, 937, 956, 976, 1052, 1074, 1147, 1167, 1211, 1556, 1657, 1694, 1722, 1784, 1930, 1966, 2204, 2487, 3775, 3983, 4002, 4206, 4364, 4390], 'Scholar,': [371, 739, 754, 778, 938, 957, 1053, 1148, 1931, 3984, 4365], '2Pappata': [372], 'Neurology.': [390], '2000;': [391, 499, 652, 701, 747, 771, 1550, 2481, 3996, 4200], '55:': [392], '1052-1054Crossref': [393], '(217)': [396], 'Scholar).': [398, 506, 659, 708, 803, 852, 893, 977, 1075, 1168, 1212, 1557, 1658, 1695, 1723, 1785, 1967, 2205, 2488, 4003, 4207, 4391], 'Microglia': [399, 917, 1461, 2753], 'are': [400, 546, 569, 808, 856, 862, 898, 909, 1097, 1111], 'believed': [401], 'progression': [406], '(AD)1': [410], 'because': [411, 556, 2370], 'these': [412, 1216], 'can': [414, 684, 1265, 4290], 'pro-inflammatory': [416, 514, 661], 'substances': [417, 515], 'known': [418, 1897], 'induce': [420], 'neurotoxicity': [421], '(3Akiyama': [422, 575], 'H.': [423, 449, 576, 602, 925, 3973], 'Barger': [424, 577], 'Barnum': [426, 579], 'Bradt': [428, 581], 'B.': [429, 492, 582, 645], 'Bauer': [430, 583, 1058], 'Cole': [432, 585], 'G.M.': [433, 586], 'Cooper': [434, 587], 'N.R.': [435, 588, 1937], 'Eikelenboom': [436, 589], 'P.': [437, 590, 782, 829, 870, 946, 1032, 1061, 1154, 1158, 1195, 1939, 4373], 'Emmerling': [438, 591], 'Fiebich': [440, 593], 'B.L.': [441, 594], 'Finch': [442, 595], 'C.E.': [443, 596], 'Frautschy': [444, 597], 'Griffin': [446, 599], 'W.S.': [447, 600], 'Hampel': [448, 601], 'Hull': [450, 603], 'Landreth': [452, 605], 'Lue': [454, 607], 'L.': [455, 608], 'Mrak': [456, 609], 'Mackenzie': [458, 611, 4192], 'I.R.': [459, 612], 'McGeer': [460, 613], 'P.L.': [461, 614], "O'Banion": [462, 615], 'M.K.': [463, 616, 1059, 2189], 'Pachter': [464, 617], 'Pasinetti': [466, 619], 'Plata-Salaman': [468, 621], 'Rogers': [470, 623], 'Rydel': [472, 625], 'Shen': [474, 627], 'Y.': [475, 628, 721, 725, 727, 768], 'Streit': [476, 629], 'W.': [477, 630, 929, 940], 'Strohmeyer': [478, 631], 'Tooyoma': [480, 633], 'I.': [481, 527, 634, 756], 'Van': [482, 635], 'Muiswinkel': [483, 636], 'F.L.': [484, 637], 'Veerhuis': [485, 638], 'Walker': [487, 640], 'D.': [488, 641, 780, 831, 872, 1030, 1055, 1150], 'Webster': [489, 642], 'Wegrzyniak': [491, 644], 'Wenk': [493, 646], 'Wyss-Coray': [495, 648], 'Neurobiol.': [497, 650], 'Aging.': [498, 651], '21:': [500, 653, 735], '383-421Crossref': [501, 654], '(3733)': [504, 657], 'Reactive': [507], '(ROIs),': [510], 'one': [511, 2805], 'several': [513, 2585], 'released': [516, 686, 1726, 1880, 2771], 'by': [517, 689, 984, 1188, 1467, 1500, 1521, 1671, 1703, 2452, 2851, 2948, 3006, 3073, 3078, 3436, 3467, 3476, 3509, 3518, 3591, 3606, 3643, 3862, 3944, 4144, 4172, 4219, 4283, 4414], '(4Bianca': [519], 'V.D.': [520], 'Dusi': [521], 'Bianchini': [523], 'E.': [524, 1640, 4375], 'Dal': [525, 785, 1035], 'Pra': [526], 'Rossi': [528], 'Biol.': [531, 1202, 1644, 1953, 2191, 4357, 4377], 'Chem.': [532, 1203, 1645, 1954, 2192, 4378], '1999;': [533, 971, 1068, 1955], '274:': [534, 1956], '15493-15499Abstract': [535], '(275)': [543], 'Scholar),': [545, 3776], 'likely': [547], 'play': [549, 1294], 'very': [551, 1727, 3797], 'important': [552, 678], 'role': [553, 1086, 1236, 1297, 4164], 'AD': [555, 573], 'hallmark': [557], 'modifications': [558], 'ROI': [560, 666, 3872], 'damage': [561], 'such': [562, 990], 'as': [563, 991, 1519, 1632, 1883, 2143, 2450, 2469, 3094, 3423, 3650, 3779], 'lipid': [564], 'peroxidation': [565], 'nitrotyrosine': [567], 'conjugates': [568], 'characteristic': [570], 'post-mortem': [572], 'brains': [574, 1427, 2925, 2940], 'Hence,': [660], 'stimuli': [662, 1829, 2776], 'that': [663, 1178, 1252, 1260, 1289, 3516, 3666, 3716, 3729, 3830, 3927, 3948, 4065, 4150, 4277], 'promote': [664], 'microglial': [665, 1091, 2361, 2389, 2439, 2442], 'might': [668], 'pathogenesis': [672], 'AD.': [674, 1299], 'messenger': [679], 'brain': [682], 'be': [685], 'lytic': [691], 'non-lytic': [693], 'mechanisms': [694, 4331], '(5Cunha': [695], 'R.A.': [696, 4195], 'Ribeiro': [697], 'J.A.': [698], 'Life': [699], 'Sci.': [700], '68:': [702], '119-137Crossref': [703], '(177)': [706], 'evokes': [710], 'variety': [712], 'biological': [714], 'responses': [715, 4233], '(6Honda': [718], 'Sasaki': [720], 'Ohsawa': [722], 'K.': [723, 729, 762, 766, 1065], 'Imai': [724], 'Nakamura': [726], 'Inoue': [728, 759, 765], 'Kohsaka': [730, 763], 'Neurosci.': [733], '1975-1982Crossref': [736], '7Sanz': [740], 'J.M.': [741, 835, 876, 942], 'Di': [742, 792, 1042, 1159, 1198], 'Virgilio': [743, 793, 826, 867, 1043, 1160, 1199], 'Immunol.': [746, 1163, 1686, 1776, 3767], '164:': [748], '4893-4898Crossref': [749], '(232)': [752], '8Hide': [755], 'Tanaka': [757], 'Nakajima': [761], 'Nakata': [767], 'Neurochem.': [770], '75:': [772], '965-972Crossref': [773], '(381)': [776], '9Ferrari': [779], 'Chiozzi': [781, 828, 869, 1031, 1153], 'Falzoni': [783, 832, 873, 1033, 1155], 'Susino': [786, 1036], 'Collo': [788, 1038], 'Buell': [790, 1040], 'Neuropharmacology.': [795, 1045], '1997;': [796, 1046, 1688, 1778, 3769, 4379], '36:': [797, 1047], '1295-1301Crossref': [798, 1048], '(244)': [801, 1051], 'The': [804, 853, 978, 1118, 1231, 1368, 1396, 1417, 1449, 1483, 1512, 1575, 1827, 1878, 1901, 2005, 2100, 2292, 2315, 2385, 2405, 2432, 2441, 2519, 2562, 2573, 2611, 2625, 2671, 2726, 2792, 2835, 2914, 2924, 2939, 2962, 2995, 3110, 3159, 3443, 3452, 3465, 3480, 3486, 3501, 3563, 3599, 3840, 4082], 'effects': [805], 'mediated': [809, 4122], 'interactions': [811], 'P2': [814, 1088], 'purinoceptors,': [815], 'broadly': [816], 'classified': [817], 'into': [818, 1833, 2716], 'P2Y': [819, 854, 896, 920, 1102, 1134], 'metabotropic': [820], 'P2X': [822, 860, 907, 922, 1116, 1128, 4089, 4105], 'ionotropic': [823], 'receptors': [824, 855, 861, 897, 908, 923, 1089, 1135, 1225, 4106], '(10Di': [825, 866], 'Ferrari': [830, 871], 'Sanz': [834, 875], 'Morelli': [836, 877], 'Torboli': [838, 879], 'Bolognesi': [840, 881], 'Baricordi': [842, 883], 'O.R.': [843, 884], 'Blood.': [844, 885], '97:': [846, 887], '587-600Crossref': [847, 888], '(625)': [850, 891], 'G': [857, 4210], 'protein-coupled': [858], 'ligand-gated': [863], 'ion': [864], 'channels': [865], 'Whereas': [894], 'responsible': [899, 910], 'for': [900, 911, 1278, 1410, 1480, 1504, 1620, 1802, 2050, 2089, 2222, 2283, 2301, 2366, 2382, 2436, 2516, 2529, 2559, 2589, 2598, 2685, 2732, 2749, 2761, 2860, 3002, 3019, 3122, 3133, 3137, 3156, 3205, 3228, 3234, 3263, 3325, 3458, 3833, 3847, 3854, 4101, 4162], 'Ca2+': [901, 912, 3898, 3933, 3956, 3962, 3966, 4009, 4015, 4026, 4037, 4059, 4078, 4100, 4232, 4235, 4258], 'predominantly': [903], 'intracellular': [905, 1915, 3682, 3804, 3814, 3826, 3893, 3952, 4012], 'stores,': [906], 'influx': [913, 4016, 4027], 'sources.': [916], 'possess': [918], '(11Kettenmann': [924], 'Walz': [928], 'Glia.': [930], '1993;': [931, 1144, 1204], '7:': [932], '93-101Crossref': [933], '(138)': [936], '12Norenberg': [939], 'Langosch': [941], 'Gebicke-Haerter': [943], 'P.J.': [944], 'Illes': [945], 'Br.': [947], 'Pharmacol.': [949, 1143, 4199], '1994;': [950, 4358], '111:': [951], '942-950Crossref': [952], '(93)': [955], '13Visentin': [958], 'Renzi': [960], 'Frank': [962], 'Greco': [964], 'Levi': [966], 'Physiol.': [969], '(Lond.).': [970], '519:': [972], '723-736Crossref': [973], '(86)': [975], 'highly': [982, 1756, 3569, 3747, 4182], 'expressed': [983], 'macrophage': [988], 'lineage,': [989], 'dendritic': [992], 'cells,': [993, 3705], 'alveolar': [994], 'macrophages,': [995], 'microglia.': [997, 1230, 1243, 3640, 4113, 4406], 'Activation': [998], 'unique': [1004], 'triggering': [1006], 'formation': [1008], 'large': [1010, 1735], 'nonselective': [1011], 'membrane': [1012, 2520, 2563], 'pores,': [1013], 'permeable': [1014], 'molecules': [1016], 'up': [1017], '900': [1019], 'Da': [1020], 'which': [1021, 4451], 'ultimately': [1022], 'results': [1023, 3543, 3727, 4063, 4267, 4275], '(9Ferrari': [1029], '14Ferrari': [1054], 'Los': [1056], 'Vandenabeele': [1060], 'Wesselborg': [1062], 'Schulze-Osthoff': [1064], 'FEBS': [1066], 'Lett.': [1067], '447:': [1069], '71-75Crossref': [1070], '(243)': [1073], 'analogs': [1079], 'used': [1082, 1220, 1508, 1616, 1911, 2068, 2142, 2365, 2635, 2658, 3181, 3611, 3778, 4317, 4343], 'characterize': [1084], 'activation.': [1092], 'Micromolar': [1093], 'concentrations': [1094, 1108, 4189], 'required': [1098, 1112, 1733, 2381, 3846, 3853, 3874, 4075], 'activate': [1100, 1114], 'whereas': [1104, 3870, 4020], 'millimolar': [1105], '(1–5': [1106], 'mm)': [1107], 'receptors.': [1117], 'analog': [1120], 'selective': [1124, 4128, 4183, 4327], 'agonist': [1125, 4087], 'at': [1126, 1438, 1477, 1539, 1857, 1862, 1970, 2032, 2056, 2092, 2121, 2128, 2166, 2680, 2688, 2901, 2959, 3054, 3125, 3221, 3319, 3339, 3449, 3459, 3526, 4187], 'does': [1131], 'not': [1132, 1301, 2464, 3703, 3724], 'bind': [1133], '(15Nuttle': [1136], 'L.C.': [1137], 'el-Moatassim': [1138], 'Dubyak': [1140], 'G.R.': [1141], 'Mol.': [1142, 4198, 4356], '44:': [1145], '93-101PubMed': [1146], '16Ferrari': [1149], 'Villalba': [1151], 'Ricciardi-Castagnoli': [1157], '1996;': [1164], '156:': [1165], '1531-1539PubMed': [1166], 'Oxidized': [1169], '(oATP)': [1171], 'specific': [1174, 2528, 2597, 3227], 'antagonist': [1175], 'binds': [1179], 'irreversibly': [1180], 'prevents': [1185], 'its': [1186], '(17Murgia': [1190], 'Hanau': [1192], 'Pizzo': [1194], 'Rippa': [1196], '268:': [1205], '8199-8203Abstract': [1206], 'In': [1213, 1739, 2074, 2641, 2804, 2880, 3695, 3914, 4447], 'study,': [1215], 'tools': [1218], 'determine': [1222, 2666, 3400, 3677, 3886, 4115, 4226, 4319], 'involved': [1226], 'O2⨪production': [1228, 3757], 'plays': [1234], 'generation': [1239, 1916, 2454, 3615], 'Our': [1244], 'studies': [1245, 1257], 'elucidate': [1246], 'putative': [1248], 'signal': [1249, 2102], 'transduction': [1250], 'mediates': [1253], 'response.': [1255], 'These': [1256, 3542, 3726, 4062, 4274, 4297], 'also': [1258, 2758], 'demonstrate': [1259, 3544], 'BzATP-': [1261], 'ATP-activated': [1263], 'mediate': [1266, 4107], 'neurotoxicity.': [1267], 'Finally,': [1268], 'distinct': [1270, 3548], 'alteration': [1271], 'detected': [1273, 2570], 'staining': [1276], 'pattern': [1277], 'transgenic': [1283, 1370], 'AD,': [1287], 'suggesting': [1288, 3665, 3947, 4149], 'could': [1293], 'contributing': [1296], 'Reagents': [1300], 'specified': [1302], 'otherwise': [1303], 'obtained': [1305, 1314, 1327, 1339, 1362, 2783, 2800, 2825, 4171, 4269], 'Sigma.': [1307], 'PD98059,': [1308, 1811], 'SB203580,': [1309], 'LY294002,': [1310, 1813], 'DPI': [1312], 'fromBiomol': [1315], '(Plymouth': [1316], 'Meeting,': [1317], 'PA).': [1318, 1367], 'phospho-antibody': [1324], 'kits': [1325], 'New': [1329], 'England': [1330], 'Biolabs': [1331], '(Beverly,': [1332], 'MA).': [1333], 'p67phox': [1336, 2628, 4440], 'antibodies': [1337, 2527, 2596, 2633, 3086, 3213, 3225, 3244], 'Pharmingen.': [1341], 'Anti-CD45': [1342], 'purchased': [1344, 1380], 'Serotec': [1346], '(Oxford,': [1347], 'UK).': [1348], 'Amplex': [1349, 1848, 3566, 3744], 'red': [1350], 'kit': [1351, 1361, 2799, 2824, 2866], 'Fluo-4': [1353, 2118], 'Molecular': [1356, 2116], 'Probes': [1357], '(Eugene,': [1358], 'OR).': [1359], 'Hematoxylin': [1360], 'Shandon,': [1364], 'Inc.': [1365], '(Pittsburgh,': [1366], 'Tg2576': [1369, 2927, 3298], 'mice': [1371, 1378, 2915, 2928, 3299], 'overexpressing': [1372], 'mutant': [1373], 'APP': [1374], '(K670N,M671L)': [1375], 'control': [1377, 2646, 2678, 3704, 4052, 4262], 'Mayo': [1383], 'Clinic': [1384], '(Jacksonville,': [1385], 'FL).': [1386], 'Rat': [1387, 2864], 'prepared': [1390, 1531], '2-day-old': [1392], 'Sprague-Dawley': [1393, 1537], 'pups.': [1395], 'cortices': [1398], 'separated': [1400], 'meninges': [1402], 'minced,': [1404], 'triturated,': [1405, 1424], 'centrifuged': [1407, 1567, 2279], '(200': [1408, 1502], '×g': [1409, 1503], '10': [1411, 1466, 1505, 1604, 1619, 2045, 2252, 2270, 2284, 2417, 2712, 3138, 3519], 'min)': [1412, 1506, 2285, 3531], 'remove': [1414, 2287, 3148], 'dead': [1415], 'cells.': [1416, 1738, 1982, 2291, 2856], 'pellet': [1418, 2231, 2317], 'resuspended': [1420, 1569, 2233, 2319], 'media': [1422, 1591, 2401, 2410, 3908], 'two': [1426, 4127], 'transferred': [1429, 2501], '175-mm2': [1432], 'flask': [1433], 'containing': [1434, 1597, 1836, 1981, 2044, 2326, 2428, 2512, 2540, 2707, 2720, 2985, 3016, 3354, 3909], 'medium': [1435, 1450, 1573], 'incubated': [1437, 2524, 2551, 2594, 2616, 2980, 3024, 3136, 3210, 3240], '37': [1439, 2093], '°C,': [1440], '95%': [1441], 'relative': [1442], 'humidity': [1443], '5%': [1446, 2509, 2541, 3009], 'CO2': [1447], 'atmosphere.': [1448], 'changed': [1452], 'after': [1453, 1860, 3463], '3–4': [1454], 'days': [1455, 1588], 'twice': [1457], 'week': [1459], 'thereafter.': [1460], 'isolated': [1463, 1624, 2393], 'on': [1464, 1471, 1617, 2496, 2814, 2845, 3328, 3560, 4038], 'day': [1465, 1618, 2613], 'shaking': [1468], 'flasks': [1470], 'orbital': [1473], 'shaker': [1474], '(VWR': [1475, 1494], 'Scientific)': [1476], '125': [1478], 'rpm': [1479], '15': [1481, 3367], 'min.': [1482, 2224, 3158, 3479], 'supernatant': [1484, 2309, 2746, 2893], 'passed': [1486], 'sterile': [1489], 'nylon': [1490], 'mesh': [1491], '(20': [1492], 'μm)': [1493, 2041, 4255], 'Scientific),': [1495], 'collected': [1499], 'centrifugation': [1501], 'same': [1510], 'day.': [1511], 'purity': [1513], 'cultures': [1516, 1529], '98–100%': [1518], 'determined': [1520], 'immunostaining': [1522], 'ED-40': [1524], 'antibody.': [1525], 'embryos': [1533], 'timed': [1535], 'pregnant': [1536], 'rats': [1538], 'E14': [1540], '(18Parvathenani': [1541, 2472], 'L.K.': [1542, 1636, 2473], 'Calandra': [1543, 2474], 'V.': [1544, 2475, 4367, 4371], 'Roberts': [1545, 2476], 'S.B.': [1546, 2477], 'Posmantur': [1547, 2478], 'Neuroreport.': [1549, 2480], '11:': [1551, 2482, 4359], '2293-2297Crossref': [1552, 2483], '(13)': [1555, 2486], 'Briefly,': [1558, 1786, 1968, 2206], 'cortex': [1560], 'triturated': [1561], 'DNase/Protease': [1563], 'dissociation': [1564], 'buffer': [1565, 2239, 2325, 2582, 3332, 3353], 'PC-1': [1571], 'SF': [1572], '(BioWhittaker).': [1574], '(2': [1577, 3365], '×': [1578, 1788, 1888, 2209, 2269, 2281, 2299, 2702, 2722, 3366], '105/ml)': [1579], 'plated': [1581, 2025], 'onto': [1582, 2026, 2354, 3391], 'poly-l-ornithine-coated': [1583], '24-well': [1584], 'plates,': [1585], '4': [1587, 2272, 2304, 3055, 3222, 3369], 'later': [1589], 'replaced': [1593], 'Neurobasal': [1595, 2705], 'Medium': [1596, 2706], 'B-27': [1598], 'supplement': [1599], '(Invitrogen),': [1600], '1%': [1601, 2327, 2415, 2709, 3046, 3145, 3215, 3357, 3361], 'penicillin/streptomycin,': [1602, 2416, 2710], 'mml-glutamine.': [1605], 'Neuronal': [1606], 'constituted': [1608], '90–95%': [1609], 'total': [1612, 3502], 'experiments.': [1621, 3786], 'Neutrophils': [1622], 'peripheral': [1626], 'blood': [1627], 'healthy': [1629], 'human': [1630], 'donors': [1631], 'reported': [1633], 'previously': [1634, 2471], '(19Parvathenani': [1635], 'Buescher': [1637], 'E.S.': [1638, 1682, 1772, 3763], 'Chacon-Cruz': [1639], 'Beebe': [1641], 'S.J.': [1642], '1998;': [1646, 3977], '273:': [1647], '6736-6743Abstract': [1648], '(123)': [1656], 'Superoxide': [1659], '(O2⨪)': [1660, 3418], 'measured': [1662, 1699, 1856, 2109, 2127, 2795, 3421, 4238], 'indirectly': [1663, 3422], 'detection': [1666, 1748], '(H2O2)': [1670], 'method': [1673, 1745, 2177], 'Mohantyet': [1675], 'al.': [1676, 2181], '(20Mohanty': [1677, 1767, 3758], 'J.G.': [1678, 1768, 3759, 3993], 'Jaffe': [1679, 1769, 3760], 'J.S.': [1680, 1770, 3761], 'Schulman': [1681, 1771, 3762], 'Raible': [1683, 1773, 3764], 'D.G.': [1684, 1774, 3765], 'Methods.': [1687, 1777, 3768], '202:': [1689, 1779, 3770], '133-141Crossref': [1690, 1780, 3771], '(421)': [1693, 1783, 3774], 'initial': [1701, 3939], 'experiments': [1702, 1741, 2076, 2643, 3902], 'O2⨪-dependent': [1704, 3607], 'dismutase-sensitive': [1706], 'reduction': [1707, 3602, 3634, 3685], 'ferricytochrome': [1709, 3604], 'c': [1710, 3605, 4454], '(21Johnston': [1711, 1919], 'Jr.,': [1712, 1920], 'Methods': [1714, 1922], 'Enzymol.': [1715, 1923], '1984;': [1716, 1924], '105:': [1717, 1925], '365-369Crossref': [1718, 1926], '(90)': [1721, 1929], 'However,': [1724, 3935], 'little': [1728, 3739], 'O2⨪,': [1729, 3683, 3740], 'procedure': [1732], 'number': [1736, 2006], 'subsequent': [1740], 'more': [1743, 3537, 3593, 3751, 3834, 4220], 'sensitive': [1744, 3597, 3752], 'H2O2': [1747, 1879, 3434, 3455, 3538, 3557, 3576, 4039, 4093, 4111, 4120, 4142, 4153, 4168, 4217, 4403], 'using': [1749, 1868, 1891, 1896, 1993, 2110, 2156, 2274, 2334, 2571, 2577, 2623, 2862, 2876, 3175, 3214, 3245, 3284, 3342, 3375], 'conversion': [1750, 1902, 3564, 3742], '10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine': [1752], '(Amplex': [1753], 'Red)': [1754], 'fluorescent': [1757, 2101, 3570, 3748], 'resorufin': [1758, 3571], 'presence': [1761, 1840, 2766, 3574, 4248], 'horseradish': [1763, 1844, 2554], 'peroxidase': [1764, 2993], 'followed': [1766, 2947, 3005, 3072], '5': [1787, 3003], '105/ml': [1789], '(HBSS)': [1796], 'preincubated': [1798, 2675], 'inhibitors': [1801, 2088, 4129, 4311, 4328, 4399], '2': [1804, 2090, 2517, 2560, 2733, 3123, 3308], '(oATP,': [1805], 'PPADS)': [1806], '1': [1808, 1887, 1975, 2051, 2590, 2686, 2721, 3020, 3134, 3157, 3206, 3264, 3305, 3450, 3875, 3882], 'h': [1809, 2052, 2091, 2687, 2734, 2763, 3207, 3265], '(SB203580,': [1810], 'Brilliant': [1814, 4176, 4208], 'Blue': [1815, 4177, 4209], 'G)': [1816], '30': [1818, 2988, 3478], 'min': [1819, 1867, 2989, 3004, 3124, 3462, 3837], '(DPI,': [1820], 'AEBSF,': [1821], 'apocyanin)': [1822], '96-well': [1825, 2874, 2896], 'plate.': [1826, 2897], 'various': [1828], 'directly': [1831], 'added': [1832, 1978, 2888], 'plate': [1835, 1871, 2113, 2719, 2875], '0.2': [1842], 'units/ml': [1843], 'peroxidase,': [1845], '50': [1846], 'μm': [1847, 2220, 3533, 3864], 'Red,': [1849], 'change': [1852, 4420], 'fluorescence': [1854, 2125], '590': [1858], 'nm': [1859, 1864, 2130], 'excitation': [1861], '544': [1863], 'every': [1865], '2.5': [1866], 'fluorometric': [1870, 2112], 'reader': [1872, 2114], '(Fluostar,': [1873], 'BMG': [1874], 'Labtechnologies,': [1875], 'Durham,': [1876], 'NC).': [1877], 'calculated': [1882, 2907], 'picomoles': [1884], 'H2O2,': [1886], '105': [1889], 'standard': [1893, 2912], 'curve': [1894], 'generated': [1895, 3435, 3517, 3535, 3680], 'H2O2.': [1900, 4081, 4287], '(NBT)': [1907], 'formazan': [1909, 2011, 3711, 3722], 'detect': [1913, 3183, 3613], '22Patterson': [1932], 'Ruef': [1934], 'Madamanchi': [1936], 'Barry-Lane': [1938], 'Hu': [1940], 'Z.': [1941], 'Horaist': [1942], 'Ballinger': [1944], 'C.A.': [1945], 'Brasier': [1946], 'A.R.': [1947], 'Bode': [1948], 'Runge': [1950], 'M.S.': [1951], '19814-19822Abstract': [1957], '(293)': [1965], 'NBT': [1969, 3687, 3717], 'final': [1972], 'concentration': [1973, 2331, 3372, 3841], 'mg/ml': [1976], 'wells': [1980], 'After': [1983, 2741, 3097], 'treatment,': [1984], 'applied': [1988], 'glass': [1991], 'slide': [1992], 'Cytospin': [1995], 'III': [1996], '(Shandon': [1997], 'Southern,': [1998], 'Sewickley,': [1999], 'PA)': [2000], 'counterstained': [2002], 'safranin.': [2004], 'purple': [2008, 3708], 'granules': [2009, 3709], 'counted': [2013], 'microscopically': [2014, 3714], 'give': [2016], 'qualitative': [2018], 'measure': [2019, 3580], 'O2⨪generation.': [2020], 'Isolated': [2021], '384-well': [2027], 'plates': [2028], '(Falcon,': [2029], 'part': [2030], '353961)': [2031], '∼50%': [2033], 'confluence.': [2034], 'Cells': [2035, 2225], 'loaded': [2037, 2097, 2353, 3390], 'Fluo-4,AM': [2039], '(5': [2040, 3530], 'HBSS': [2043, 2213], 'mm': [2046, 2241, 2244, 2247, 2250, 2253, 2420, 3334, 3337, 3876], 'HEPES': [2047], '(pH': [2048, 2255], '7.4)': [2049], 'before': [2053], 'experiment': [2055, 2369, 2806], 'room': [2057, 2167, 2689, 3126], 'temperature': [2058, 2690], 'washed': [2060, 2522, 2547, 2565, 2584, 2975, 3113, 3130, 3153], 'buffer.': [2063, 2610], '[Ca2+]i': [2072, 2147, 3858], 'signal.': [2073, 2148], 'where': [2077], 'oATP': [2078, 4140, 4228, 4243, 4253], 'PPADS': [2080, 4132, 4138, 4230, 4245, 4271], 'used,': [2082], 'pretreated': [2085, 4241], '°C': [2094, 2273], 'then': [2096, 2296, 3152, 3162, 3209, 3239, 3348], 'Fluo-4,AM.': [2099], '∼104': [2104], 'per': [2106], 'well': [2107, 2820], '(FLIPR,': [2115], 'Devices).': [2117, 2160], 'excited': [2120], '488': [2122], 'nm,': [2123, 2903], '510': [2129], 'time-resolved': [2133], 'mode': [2134], '(1-Hz': [2135], 'frequency).': [2136], 'Relativef/f0': [2137], 'intensity': [2138], '(in': [2139], 'counts/ms)': [2140], 'indication': [2145], 'Data': [2149], 'acquisition': [2150], 'preliminary': [2152], 'analysis': [2153], 'done': [2155, 2165], 'FLIPR': [2157], 'software': [2158], '(Molecular': [2159], 'All': [2161], 'calcium': [2162, 3805, 3815, 3828], 'measurements': [2163], 'temperature.': [2168, 3127], 'Fractionation': [2169], 'performed': [2173, 2468, 2813, 2871, 3398], 'according': [2174, 2636], 'Zhao': [2179], 'et': [2180], '(23Zhao': [2182], 'X.': [2183, 3986], 'Bey': [2184], 'E.A.': [2185], 'Wientjes': [2186], 'F.B.': [2187], 'Cathcart': [2188], '2002;': [2193], '277:': [2194], '25385-25392Abstract': [2195], '(88)': [2203], '(14': [2208], '106': [2210], 'cells/ml)': [2211], 'treated': [2215, 3495, 3624, 3645, 3690, 3697], 'without': [2218], '500': [2219, 2257], '5–10': [2223], 'centrifuged,': [2227], '0.5': [2235], 'ml': [2236], 'relaxation': [2238, 2324], '(100': [2240, 4254], 'KCl,': [2242], '3': [2243], 'NaCl,': [2245], '3.5': [2246], 'MgCl2,': [2248], '1.25': [2249], 'EGTA,': [2251], 'PIPES': [2254], '7.3),': [2256], 'μmphenylmethylsulfonyl': [2258], 'fluoride,': [2259], '1:100': [2261, 3036], 'dilution': [2262, 2683], 'protease': [2264], 'mixture),': [2266], 'sonicated': [2267, 3364], '(3': [2268], 's,': [2271, 3368], 'microprobe': [2276], 'sonicator),': [2277], '(500': [2280, 4211], 'g': [2282, 2300], 'nuclei': [2288], 'unbroken': [2290], 'post-nuclear': [2293], 'lysates': [2294], 'ultracentrifuged': [2297], '(100,000': [2298], '60': [2302], 'min,': [2303, 3135], '°C),': [2305], 'resulting': [2308], 'designated': [2311], 'cytosolic': [2313, 2348], 'fraction.': [2314], 'membrane/particulate': [2316, 2350], '200': [2321], 'μl': [2322, 2883, 2891], 'Triton': [2328], 'X-100.': [2329], 'Protein': [2330, 2338, 3371, 3379], 'estimated': [2333, 3374], 'Bio-Rad': [2336, 3377], 'DC': [2337, 3378], 'Assay,': [2339, 3380], '25': [2341, 2490, 3382], 'μg': [2342, 2491, 3383], '(for': [2345], 'fraction)': [2351], 'gel.': [2356, 3393], 'A': [2357, 4426], 'spontaneously': [2358, 2386], 'occurring': [2359, 2387], 'line': [2363, 2391], 'above': [2368], 'we': [2371], 'unable': [2373], 'generate': [2375, 2660, 3415, 3734, 4080, 4286], 'sufficient': [2376], 'numbers': [2377], 'primary': [2379, 2395, 3026, 3212, 4280], 'experiment.': [2384], 'growing': [2398], 'LADMAC-conditioned': [2400, 2430], '(ATCC,': [2402], 'Manassas,': [2403], 'VA).': [2404], 'propagated': [2408], "(Dulbecco's": [2411], 'modified': [2412, 2832, 2877], "Eagle's": [2413], 'medium,': [2414], 'mml-glutamine,': [2418], '0.1': [2419], 'nonessential': [2421], 'amino': [2422, 2650], 'acids,': [2423], '10%': [2424, 2498, 3202], 'fetal': [2425], 'bovine': [2426, 2542], 'serum)': [2427], '20%': [2429, 3340], 'media.': [2431], 'positive': [2435], 'ED-1,': [2437], 'marker.': [2440], 'responded': [2444], 'LPS': [2447, 2458], 'demonstrated': [2451], 'TNFα': [2456, 2861, 2865], 'ROIs': [2460], '(data': [2463, 3723], 'shown).': [2465, 3725], 'Immunoblotting': [2466], 'described': [2470], 'Briefly': [2489], 'fractionated': [2495], 'SDS-PAGE': [2499], 'gel,': [2500], 'polyvinylidene': [2503], 'difluoride': [2504], 'membrane,': [2505], 'blocked': [2507, 2588, 3200, 3925, 4049, 4141], 'milk/Tris-buffered': [2510], 'saline': [2511, 3015, 3052, 3071, 3219, 3262], '0.1%': [2513], 'Tween': [2514], '20': [2515, 3326], 'h.': [2518, 2561, 2591, 3021], 'overnight': [2525, 3053, 3220], 'phospho-p42/44': [2530], '(Thr-202/Tyr-204),': [2532], 'phospho-p38': [2533], '(Thr-180/Tyr-182)': [2535], 'diluted': [2536, 2606, 3349], '1:1000': [2537, 2607, 3030, 3033, 3043], 'TBST': [2539, 2549], 'serum': [2543, 3012, 3049, 3204, 3216, 3259], 'albumin.': [2544], 'Membranes': [2545, 2592], 'peroxidase-conjugated': [2555], 'secondary': [2556, 2619, 3063, 3085, 3243], 'antibody': [2557, 2620, 2673, 3027, 3064], '(1:2000)': [2558], 'extensively,': [2566], 'bands': [2568], 'LumiGLO.': [2572, 2624], 'membranes': [2574, 2614], 'stripped': [2576], 'RESTORE': [2578], 'Western': [2579], 'blot': [2580], 'stripping': [2581], '(Pierce),': [2583], 'times,': [2586], 'unphosphorylated': [2600], 'blocking': [2609, 3007], 'next': [2612], 'visualized': [2622, 3077], '(1:500),': [2627, 2629], 'actin': [2631], '(1:750)': [2632], "manufacturer's": [2639, 3106], 'recommendation.': [2640], 'some': [2642, 3090], 'peptide': [2647, 2679], 'corresponding': [2648], '576–595': [2652], '(the': [2656], 'immunogen': [2657], 'antibody)': [2662], 'utilized': [2664], 'specificity': [2667], 'bands.': [2670], '1:1': [2682, 3350], '(v/v)': [2684], 'prior': [2691, 2735], 'addition': [2694, 2738], 'membrane.': [2697, 4446], '(1': [2701], '105)': [2703], 'B-27,': [2708], 'mml-glutamine': [2713], 'seeded': [2715], '48-well': [2718], '105primary': [2723], 'neurons.': [2725, 2791], 'allowed': [2729], 'settle': [2731], 'stimuli.': [2740], '72-h': [2743], 'incubation,': [2744], 'assayed': [2748, 2859], 'lactate': [2750], 'dehydrogenase': [2751, 2853], '(LDH).': [2752], 'independently': [2759], 'cultured': [2760], '72': [2762], 'stimuli,': [2768], 'LDH': [2770, 2793], 'alone': [2774], '±': [2775], 'subtracted': [2778], 'out': [2779, 3905], 'values': [2782, 2905], 'combination': [2786], 'commercial': [2798, 2823], 'Promega': [2802], '(WI).': [2803], 'WST-1': [2808, 2829, 2836], 'survival': [2810], 'assay': [2811, 2837, 2869], 'remaining': [2817, 3785], 'Roche': [2827], 'Diagnostics.': [2828], '3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)2H-tetrazolium': [2833], 'assay.': [2834], 'enables': [2838], 'colorimetric': [2839], 'measurement': [2840], 'viability': [2843], 'based': [2844], 'cleavage': [2847], 'salts': [2850], 'mitochondrial': [2852, 4304], 'viable': [2855], 'Supernatants': [2857], 'OPtEIA': [2863], '(Pharmingen).': [2867], 'Nitrite': [2868], 'Griess': [2878, 2885], 'Reagent.': [2879], 'brief,': [2881], '100': [2882, 2890], 'Reagent': [2886], 'Samples': [2898, 3346], 'read': [2900], '540': [2902], 'against': [2908], 'sodium': [2910], 'nitrite': [2911], 'curve.': [2913], 'sedated,': [2917], 'perfused': [2918], '4%': [2920, 2937], 'paraformaldehyde': [2921], 'decapitated.': [2923], '(2-year': [2926], 'aged-matched': [2930], 'controls)': [2931], 'removed': [2933], 'fixed': [2935], 'paraformaldehyde.': [2938], 'dehydrated': [2942, 3163], 'graded': [2944, 2973], 'alcohol': [2945, 3168], 'solutions': [2946], 'Histoclear': [2949], 'embedded': [2951], 'paraffin.': [2953], 'Longitudinal': [2954], 'serial': [2955], 'sections': [2956, 2963, 3091, 3188], 'cut': [2958], '6-μm': [2960], 'thickness.': [2961], 'deparaffinized': [2965, 3190], 'Histoclear,': [2967], 'rehydrated': [2968], 'series': [2971, 3166, 3193], 'alcohols,': [2974], 'deionized': [2977, 3000], 'water,': [2978], '1:5': [2982], 'methanol/water': [2983], '3%': [2986], 'H2O2for': [2987], 'quench': [2991], 'endogenous': [2992], 'activity.': [2994], 'slides': [2996, 3111, 3160], 'rinsed': [2998], 'water': [3001, 3115, 3132, 3155], 'normal': [3010, 3047, 3068, 3257], 'goat': [3011, 3048, 3069], 'phosphate-buffered': [3014, 3051], '0.01%': [3017], 'Triton-X-100': [3018], 'Sections': [3022, 3128, 3198], '(Pan': [3028], 'A-β': [3029], '(QCB),': [3031], '4G8': [3032], '(Signet),': [3034], '(Pharmingen),': [3037], 'CD45': [3038], '1:200': [3039], '(Serotec),': [3040], 'GFAP': [3042, 3229], '(Chemicon))': [3044], '°C.': [3056, 3223, 3321], 'Immunohistochemistry': [3057], 'completed': [3059], 'appropriate': [3061], 'biotinylated': [3062], '(1:500)': [3065], '2%': [3067, 3256, 3355], 'serum/phosphate-buffered': [3070], 'avidin-biotin': [3074], 'complex': [3075], 'diaminobenzidine': [3079], 'development': [3080], '(Vector': [3081, 3101, 3277], 'Laboratories).': [3082], 'omitted': [3088], 'serve': [3093], 'negative': [3095], 'controls.': [3096], 'enzyme': [3099], 'substrate': [3100], 'Laboratories)': [3102], 'added,': [3104], 'protocol': [3107], 'followed.': [3109], 'counter-stained': [3117], 'Shandon-Lippshaw': [3119], 'hematoxylin': [3120], 'stain': [3121], 's': [3139, 3327], '50%': [3141], 'ethanol/': [3142], 'H2O': [3143], '+': [3144], 'HCl': [3146], 'residual': [3149], 'hematoxylin,': [3150], 'washes': [3169], 'sealed': [3171, 3274], 'coverslip': [3174, 3273], 'DPX': [3176], 'mounting': [3177], 'medium.': [3178], 'Immunofluorescence': [3179], 'dual': [3184, 3235], 'antigen': [3185], 'labeling.': [3186], 'Tissue': [3187], 'via': [3191, 3964], 'xylenes': [3195], 'alcohols.': [3197], 'donkey': [3203, 3246, 3251, 3258], 'Tris-buffered': [3218, 3261], '(1:1000)': [3226], 'pooled': [3233, 3242], 'immunofluorescence.': [3236], 'Slides': [3237, 3269], 'anti-mouse': [3247], 'Cy-2': [3248], '(1:100)': [3249], 'anti-rabbit': [3252], 'Cy-3': [3253], '(1:400)': [3254], 'dark.': [3268], 'mounted': [3271], 'Vectashield': [3276], 'Laboratories,': [3278], 'Burlingame,': [3279], 'CA).': [3280], 'Images': [3281], 'captured': [3283], 'Zeiss': [3286, 3292], 'Axiovert': [3287], 'S100TV': [3288], 'microscope': [3289], 'KS400': [3293], 'imaging': [3294], 'system.': [3295], 'Hippocampi': [3296], 'age-matched': [3301], 'controls': [3302], '(19': [3303], 'months,': [3304], 'male': [3306], 'female)': [3309], 'excised': [3311], 'snap-frozen': [3313], 'liquid': [3315], 'nitrogen': [3316], 'stored': [3318], '−80': [3320], 'Tissues': [3322], 'homogenized': [3324], 'ice': [3329], 'TNE': [3331, 3352], '(50': [3333], 'Tris,': [3335], '150': [3336], 'NaCl)': [3338], 'weight/volume': [3341], 'Polytron': [3344], 'homogenizer.': [3345], 'SDS,': [3356], 'Nonidet': [3358], 'P-40,': [3359], 'deoxycholate,': [3362], '°C).': [3370], 'each': [3387], 'hippocampus': [3388], "Student's": [3394], 't': [3395], 'test': [3396], 'group': [3401], 'differences': [3402, 4068], '(p': [3403], '<': [3404], '0.05).': [3405], 'ROIs,': [3416], 'particular,': [3420], '(H2O2).': [3426], 'Fig.1': [3427], 'shows': [3428], 'time-': [3429], 'dose-response': [3431], 'curves': [3432], 'BzATP.': [3442, 4252], 'response': [3444, 3490, 3922, 4103], 'maximal': [3448, 3481, 3848, 3855, 3871], 'mm.': [3451], 'continued': [3456], 'slowly': [3457], 'least': [3460], '90': [3461], 'stimulation.': [3464], 'H2O2production': [3466, 4047], 'rapid': [3473, 3798], 'peaked': [3475], 'about': [3477, 3945], 'stimulus': [3482], '∼250': [3484], 'μm.': [3485], 'magnitude': [3487, 3553], 'higher': [3492], 'compared': [3498, 3637], 'ATP.': [3500], 'amount': [3503], 'H2O2produced': [3505], '(picomoles)': [3506], 'stimulation': [3508], 'lower': [3514, 3851], 'ng/ml': [3520], '(PMA).': [3524], 'However': [3525], 'early': [3527], 'time': [3528], 'points': [3529], '250': [3532], '9–10-fold': [3536], 'PMA': [3540, 3701], '(Fig.1C).': [3541], 'there': [3545], 'difference': [3549], 'duration': [3555], 'depending': [3559], 'stimulus.': [3562], 'Red': [3567, 3745], 'indirect': [3579, 3754], 'generation.': [3583], 'Hence': [3584], 'confirmed': [3590], 'direct': [3594], 'but': [3595, 3702, 3753], 'less': [3596], 'method.': [3598], 'dismutase': [3609], 'O2⨪.': [3617, 3735], 'As': [3618, 4392], 'shown': [3619, 4393], 'Fig.': [3621, 4395], '1D,': [3622], 'showed': [3627], 'significant': [3629], 'increase': [3630, 3799, 3812, 3821], 'dismutase-inhibitable': [3633], 'ferricytochromec': [3636], 'untreated': [3639], 'neutrophils': [3644, 3660, 3673, 3689, 3696], 'examined': [3649], 'control.': [3652], 'Similar': [3653, 4266], 'increases': [3654], 'when': [3659], 'activates': [3668, 4152, 4323], 'similar': [3670], 'cascade': [3671], '(Fig.': [3674, 3806, 3838, 4060, 4147, 4223, 4264, 4272], '1E).': [3675], 'To': [3676, 3885, 4114, 4225, 4407], 'whether': [3678, 3887, 4116, 4227, 4320], 'any': [3681], 'examined.': [3694, 4042, 4425], 'formations': [3706], 'visible': [3713], 'being': [3719], 'reduced': [3720, 3943], 'confirm': [3728, 4408], 'Because': [3736, 4004], 'produce': [3738], 'resorufin,': [3749], 'indicator': [3755], 'choice': [3781], 'reagent': [3782], 'Treatment': [3787], 'resulted': [3794], 'level': [3802, 3824], '2).': [3807, 3884], 'transient': [3811, 3940], '(Fig.2A).': [3816], 'caused': [3818], 'sustained': [3820], 'free': [3827], '([Ca2+]i)': [3829], 'maintained': [3832], '6': [3836], '2B).': [3839], '[Ca2+]ichange': [3849], 'H2O2production.': [3856], 'Maximal': [3857], 'changes': [3859, 4236], '30–100': [3863], '250μm': [3879], '(Figs.': [3881], 'mobilizing': [3892, 3930], 'sources': [3896, 3960, 4289], 'both,': [3900], 'additional': [3901], 'carried': [3904], 'Ca2+-free': [3907], '1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic': [3910], '(Ca2+': [3912], 'chelator).': [3913], 'absence': [3916, 4056, 4250], 'Ca2+,': [3919], 'completely': [3924, 4400], '(Fig.2C).': [3934], 'ATP,': [3937], 'peak': [3941], '75%,': [3946], 'mobilizes': [3950], '(via': [3953], 'inositol': [3954], '1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced': [3955], 'release)': [3957], '(possibly': [3963], 'capacitative': [3965], 'influx)': [3967], '(24Toescu': [3968], 'E.C.': [3969], 'Moller': [3970], 'Kettenmann': [3972], 'Verkhratsky': [3974], 'Neuroscience.': [3976], '86:': [3978], '925-935Crossref': [3979], '(85)': [3982], '25Wang': [3985], 'Kim': [3987], 'S.U.': [3988], 'van': [3989], 'Breemen': [3990], 'McLarnon': [3992], 'Cell': [3994, 4355], 'Calcium.': [3995], '27:': [3997], '205-212Crossref': [3998], '(46)': [4001], 'appeared': [4006, 4022], 'stores': [4013], 'sources,': [4019, 4030], 'effect': [4032], 'removal': [4034], 'ATP-': [4044], 'BzATP-stimulated': [4046, 4448], 'below': [4051], 'levels': [4053, 4263], '3).': [4061], 'suggest': [4064, 4104, 4276], 'despite': [4066], 'Ca2+mobilization,': [4070], 'ability': [4083], 'requirement': [4097], 'receptor,': [4126], 'P2X7,': [4131, 4186], 'oATP,': [4134], 'tested.': [4136], 'treatment': [4146], '4A)': [4148], 'Further': [4160], 'support': [4161], 'treating': [4173], 'G,': [4178], 'potent': [4180], 'nanomolar': [4188], '(26Jiang': [4190], 'L.H.': [4191], 'A.B.': [4193], 'North': [4194], 'Surprenant': [4196], '58:': [4201], '82-88Crossref': [4202], '(351)': [4205], 'nm)': [4212], 'inhibited': [4213, 4256, 4401], '(250': [4215], 'μm)-induced': [4216], '80%': [4222], '4A).': [4224], 'affected': [4231], 'similarly,': [4234], 'BzATP-induced': [4257, 4402], 'flux': [4259], 'near': [4261], '4B).': [4265, 4273], 'P2X7is': [4278], 'Several': [4288], 'ROI.': [4296], 'include': [4298], 'classical': [4300], 'oxidase,': [4302], 'respiratory': [4305], 'chain,': [4306], 'microsomal': [4308], 'enzymes.': [4309], 'Pharmacological': [4310], 'oxidase': [4315, 4413, 4423, 4435], 'Three': [4326], 'different': [4330], 'action,': [4333], '(DPI),': [4336], 'apocyanin,': [4337], '(AEBSF)': [4341], '(27Stolk': [4344], 'Hiltermann': [4346], 'T.J.': [4347], 'Dijkman': [4348], 'J.H.': [4349], 'Verhoeven': [4350], 'A.J.': [4351], 'Am.': [4352], 'Respir.': [4354], '95-102Crossref': [4360], '(588)': [4363], '28Diatchuk': [4366], 'Lotan': [4368], 'O.': [4369], 'Koshkin': [4370], 'Wikstroem': [4372], 'Pick': [4374], '272:': [4380], '13292-13301Abstract': [4381], '(170)': [4389], '5A,': [4396], 'all': [4397], 'three': [4398], 'microglia,': [4417, 4449], 'functional': [4419], 'critical': [4427], 'step': [4428], 'translocation': [4438], 'cytosol': [4443], 'p67phox,': [4450]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153177211', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 26}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T21:15:08.083995', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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