Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2152579451', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90209-8', 'title': 'Background duality of open-string models', 'display_name': 'Background duality of open-string models', 'publication_year': 1989, 'publication_date': '1989-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2152579451', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90209-8', 'mag': '2152579451'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90209-8', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044450135', 'display_name': 'Petr Hořava', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-4763'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159745', 'display_name': 'Institute of Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mgxqt50', 'country_code': 'SK', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I207624831', 'https://openalex.org/I4210159745']}], 'countries': ['SK'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Petr Hořava', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of High-Energy Physics, Institute of Physics ČSAV, Na Slovance 2, CS-18040 Prague 8, Czechoslovakia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of High-Energy Physics, Institute of Physics ČSAV, Na Slovance 2, CS-18040 Prague 8, Czechoslovakia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159745']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5044450135'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159745'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.473, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 301, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.978112, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '231', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '251', 'last_page': '257'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10896', 'display_name': 'Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology', 'score': 0.9927, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10248', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear Waves and Solitons', 'score': 0.9896, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/compactification', 'display_name': 'Compactification (mathematics)', 'score': 0.9195919}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/orbifold', 'display_name': 'Orbifold', 'score': 0.91026473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/open-string', 'display_name': 'Open string', 'score': 0.6383189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/string-duality', 'display_name': 'String duality', 'score': 0.63393337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/t-duality', 'display_name': 'T-duality', 'score': 0.5720818}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/duality', 'display_name': 'Duality (order theory)', 'score': 0.4910245}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779165322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546145', 'display_name': 'Compactification (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9195919}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143782950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40460', 'display_name': 'Orbifold', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91026473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.89102495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993921832', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17129831', 'display_name': 'Open string', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6383189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186100338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780099', 'display_name': 'String duality', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.63393337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.58679503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16608266', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366191', 'display_name': 'T-duality', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5720818}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49987212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33198', 'display_name': 'String theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5300562}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73373263', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845677', 'display_name': 'Moduli space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5139856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156341967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7048887', 'display_name': 'Non-critical string theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5113577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157486923', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436', 'display_name': 'String (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5008011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778023678', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554403', 'display_name': 'Duality (order theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4910245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15760308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051921', 'display_name': 'String field theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4555598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96732373', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140761', 'display_name': 'Heterotic string theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44713894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139879227', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276860', 'display_name': 'Type I string theory', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.43532568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41137964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23409769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310750', 'display_name': 'Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.2779191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25892043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16485322}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108568745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181', 'display_name': 'Quantum gravity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.10496059}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06868824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84114770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344', 'display_name': 'Quantum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90209-8', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1963513738', 'https://openalex.org/W1964491137', 'https://openalex.org/W1965669160', 'https://openalex.org/W1967633757', 'https://openalex.org/W1973672351', 'https://openalex.org/W1975100407', 'https://openalex.org/W1981506061', 'https://openalex.org/W1995787222', 'https://openalex.org/W2000632757', 'https://openalex.org/W2003330314', 'https://openalex.org/W2014656014', 'https://openalex.org/W2016134818', 'https://openalex.org/W2016170320', 'https://openalex.org/W2027914308', 'https://openalex.org/W2048799949', 'https://openalex.org/W2054521227', 'https://openalex.org/W2058848096', 'https://openalex.org/W2075531644', 'https://openalex.org/W2077114921', 'https://openalex.org/W2086560785', 'https://openalex.org/W2088265260', 'https://openalex.org/W2093984408', 'https://openalex.org/W2101107453', 'https://openalex.org/W2101620499', 'https://openalex.org/W2102158152', 'https://openalex.org/W2106601554'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4248283560', 'https://openalex.org/W3106363260', 'https://openalex.org/W3106341419', 'https://openalex.org/W3102084591', 'https://openalex.org/W3100122501', 'https://openalex.org/W3100046094', 'https://openalex.org/W2302547069', 'https://openalex.org/W2163152448', 'https://openalex.org/W2152859412', 'https://openalex.org/W1548235413'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152579451', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T03:22:13.196439', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}