Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2152155782', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511080112', 'title': 'Reply to Luo et al.: Robustness of causal effects of galactic cosmic rays on interannual variation in global temperature', 'display_name': 'Reply to Luo et al.: Robustness of causal effects of galactic cosmic rays on interannual variation in global temperature', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-08-17', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2152155782', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511080112', 'mag': '2152155782', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26283406', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4553817'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511080112', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/34/E4640.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/34/E4640.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041274004', 'display_name': 'Hao Ye', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-1458'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'display_name': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v7hvq31', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36258959', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Diego', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0168r3w48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hao Ye', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005438899', 'display_name': 'George Sugihara', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-6946'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'display_name': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v7hvq31', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36258959', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Diego', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0168r3w48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'George Sugihara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015877702', 'display_name': 'Ethan R. Deyle', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-8434'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'display_name': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v7hvq31', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36258959', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Diego', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0168r3w48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ethan R. Deyle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150209017', 'https://openalex.org/I36258959']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080792075', 'display_name': 'Robert M. May', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert M. May', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1-3PS, United Kingdom;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1-3PS, United Kingdom;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103584223', 'display_name': 'Kyle L. Swanson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kyle Swanson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009699721', 'display_name': 'Anastasios A. Tsonis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-3423'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anastasios A. Tsonis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.475177, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '112', 'issue': '34', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate Change and Variability Research', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate Change and Variability Research', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11320', 'display_name': 'Stratospheric Chemistry and Climate Change Impacts', 'score': 0.986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11244', 'display_name': 'Impact of Climate Change on Human Health', 'score': 0.9712, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness', 'display_name': 'Robustness (evolution)', 'score': 0.59533286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/variation', 'display_name': 'Variation (astronomy)', 'score': 0.59052074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-modeling', 'display_name': 'Climate Modeling', 'score': 0.501007}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111309251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547', 'display_name': 'Cosmic ray', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69883204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63479239', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546', 'display_name': 'Robustness (evolution)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59533286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778334786', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270', 'display_name': 'Variation (astronomy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59052074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59375849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513', 'display_name': 'COSMIC cancer database', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56207204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5414015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44299862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39818245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3527403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24405304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07077509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511080112', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/34/E4640.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1235112', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4553817', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4553817?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553817', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26283406', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511080112', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/34/E4640.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': 'DEB1020372'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306084', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'award_id': 'DE-SC0005305'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320309350', 'funder_display_name': 'University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee', 'award_id': 'Research Growth Initiative 101X286'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 5, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2025836487', 'https://openalex.org/W2053059880', 'https://openalex.org/W2083278075', 'https://openalex.org/W2101814234', 'https://openalex.org/W2139142303'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3196905815', 'https://openalex.org/W3181247111', 'https://openalex.org/W3001063351', 'https://openalex.org/W2771942280', 'https://openalex.org/W2386430105', 'https://openalex.org/W2384358604', 'https://openalex.org/W2356521405', 'https://openalex.org/W2351370765', 'https://openalex.org/W2038534795', 'https://openalex.org/W1567829292'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Tsonis': [0, 74], 'et': [1, 29, 75, 83], 'al.': [2, 30, 76, 84], '(1)': [3], 'recently': [4], 'used': [5], 'convergent': [6], 'cross': [7], 'mapping': [8], '(CCM)': [9], '(2)': [10], 'to': [11], 'identify': [12], 'a': [13], 'causal': [14], 'relationship': [15], 'between': [16], 'cosmic': [17], 'rays': [18], '(CRs)': [19], 'and': [20], 'interannual': [21], 'variation': [22], 'in': [23, 67], 'global': [24], 'temperature': [25], '(ΔGT).': [26], 'Subsequently,': [27], 'Luo': [28, 82], '(3)': [31, 85], 'questioned': [32], 'this': [33], 'finding': [34], 'using': [35], 'the': [36, 44, 51, 68, 81], 'Clark': [37], 'implementation': [38], 'of': [39, 43, 50], 'CCM': [40, 46, 52], '(version': [41], '1.0': [42], 'multispatial': [45], 'package).*': [47], 'This': [48], 'version': [49], 'code,': [53], 'which': [54], 'has': [55], 'since': [56], 'been': [57], 'debugged': [58], 'by': [59], 'Clark,': [60], 'unfortunately': [61], 'contains': [62], 'errors': [63], 'that': [64, 73], 'are': [65], 'not': [66], 'original': [69], 'rEDM': [70], 'software': [71], 'package': [72], 'used.†': [77], 'Thus,': [78], 'though': [79], 'well-intentioned,': [80], 'analysis': [86], 'is': [87], 'incorrect.': [88]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152155782', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T10:58:10.869126', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}