Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2151919056', 'doi': None, 'title': 'COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BASED ATTENUATION CORRECTION IN PET/CT: PRINCIPLES, INSTRUMENTATION, PROTOCOLS, ARTIFACTS AND FUTURE TRENDS', 'display_name': 'COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BASED ATTENUATION CORRECTION IN PET/CT: PRINCIPLES, INSTRUMENTATION, PROTOCOLS, ARTIFACTS AND FUTURE TRENDS', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2151919056', 'mag': '2151919056'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://irjnm.tums.ac.ir/article_492_9a7cbebbe277c1fd0a037ee52821d378.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764371742', 'display_name': 'Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine', 'issn_l': '1681-2824', 'issn': ['1681-2824', '2008-2509'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319396', 'host_organization_name': 'Knowledge E', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319396'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Knowledge E'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002606129', 'display_name': 'Mohammad Reza Ay', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-4418'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70640408', 'display_name': 'Tehran University of Medical Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01c4pz451', 'country_code': 'IR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70640408']}], 'countries': ['IR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohammad Reza Ay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70640408']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111404373', 'display_name': 'Saeed Sarkar', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70640408', 'display_name': 'Tehran University of Medical Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01c4pz451', 'country_code': 'IR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70640408']}], 'countries': ['IR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Saeed Sarkar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70640408']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 11, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.752661, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '228', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '29'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10522', 'display_name': 'Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10522', 'display_name': 'Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12386', 'display_name': 'Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10844', 'display_name': 'Radiation Dose and Imaging', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/correction-for-attenuation', 'display_name': 'Correction for attenuation', 'score': 0.847646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pet-ct', 'display_name': 'PET-CT', 'score': 0.6680604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modality', 'display_name': 'Modality (human–computer interaction)', 'score': 0.47707283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroradiology', 'display_name': 'Neuroradiology', 'score': 0.46122816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact', 'display_name': 'Artifact (error)', 'score': 0.42281833}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123688308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309537', 'display_name': 'Correction for attenuation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.847646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19527891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908', 'display_name': 'Medical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.67572695}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127077266', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488638', 'display_name': 'PET-CT', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6680604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5732573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47782707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775842073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376', 'display_name': 'Positron emission tomography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4773612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780226545', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030', 'display_name': 'Modality (human–computer interaction)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47707283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779889316', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642836', 'display_name': 'Neuroradiology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46122816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779010991', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909', 'display_name': 'Artifact (error)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42281833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40714878}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40054142}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30021018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16568411', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042', 'display_name': 'Neurology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.29927558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://irjnm.tums.ac.ir/article_492_9a7cbebbe277c1fd0a037ee52821d378.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764371742', 'display_name': 'Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine', 'issn_l': '1681-2824', 'issn': ['1681-2824', '2008-2509'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319396', 'host_organization_name': 'Knowledge E', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319396'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Knowledge E'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 123, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1034380138', 'https://openalex.org/W1574421269', 'https://openalex.org/W1589320680', 'https://openalex.org/W16733889', 'https://openalex.org/W1832475542', 'https://openalex.org/W1839707444', 'https://openalex.org/W184116821', 'https://openalex.org/W1847124646', 'https://openalex.org/W1898972582', 'https://openalex.org/W1903018205', 'https://openalex.org/W1910923695', 'https://openalex.org/W1912212332', 'https://openalex.org/W1921727265', 'https://openalex.org/W1934219972', 'https://openalex.org/W1938071458', 'https://openalex.org/W1945152957', 'https://openalex.org/W1962239839', 'https://openalex.org/W1966099920', 'https://openalex.org/W1970975452', 'https://openalex.org/W1971846072', 'https://openalex.org/W1975065973', 'https://openalex.org/W1975807412', 'https://openalex.org/W1978787886', 'https://openalex.org/W1979304817', 'https://openalex.org/W1981024909', 'https://openalex.org/W1987002881', 'https://openalex.org/W1995453959', 'https://openalex.org/W1995968184', 'https://openalex.org/W2001116574', 'https://openalex.org/W2003899824', 'https://openalex.org/W2005058208', 'https://openalex.org/W2013267147', 'https://openalex.org/W2013588446', 'https://openalex.org/W2017706889', 'https://openalex.org/W2021284821', 'https://openalex.org/W2024903557', 'https://openalex.org/W2032467225', 'https://openalex.org/W2035299311', 'https://openalex.org/W2036494811', 'https://openalex.org/W2037521346', 'https://openalex.org/W2038253647', 'https://openalex.org/W2043435667', 'https://openalex.org/W2044537010', 'https://openalex.org/W2044764673', 'https://openalex.org/W2045111177', 'https://openalex.org/W2048735919', 'https://openalex.org/W2048948347', 'https://openalex.org/W2049506340', 'https://openalex.org/W2050791255', 'https://openalex.org/W2052637375', 'https://openalex.org/W2054728927', 'https://openalex.org/W2056059319', 'https://openalex.org/W2057370939', 'https://openalex.org/W2057743740', 'https://openalex.org/W2061806683', 'https://openalex.org/W2062462385', 'https://openalex.org/W2069757953', 'https://openalex.org/W2073730742', 'https://openalex.org/W2077432557', 'https://openalex.org/W2077882769', 'https://openalex.org/W2080317937', 'https://openalex.org/W2082563228', 'https://openalex.org/W2083096489', 'https://openalex.org/W2085176654', 'https://openalex.org/W2089221057', 'https://openalex.org/W2093750196', 'https://openalex.org/W2099676413', 'https://openalex.org/W2102635177', 'https://openalex.org/W2103862270', 'https://openalex.org/W2105220835', 'https://openalex.org/W2105535692', 'https://openalex.org/W2106263738', 'https://openalex.org/W2106501484', 'https://openalex.org/W2112276316', 'https://openalex.org/W2113149138', 'https://openalex.org/W2115888575', 'https://openalex.org/W2119226000', 'https://openalex.org/W2126639779', 'https://openalex.org/W2127514735', 'https://openalex.org/W2129270007', 'https://openalex.org/W2130040053', 'https://openalex.org/W2131743962', 'https://openalex.org/W2133642934', 'https://openalex.org/W2135398501', 'https://openalex.org/W2137144179', 'https://openalex.org/W2137903422', 'https://openalex.org/W2138047215', 'https://openalex.org/W2138943050', 'https://openalex.org/W2140827232', 'https://openalex.org/W2142583556', 'https://openalex.org/W2152481704', 'https://openalex.org/W2152683426', 'https://openalex.org/W2153054538', 'https://openalex.org/W2153173584', 'https://openalex.org/W2153674003', 'https://openalex.org/W2155830965', 'https://openalex.org/W2157196804', 'https://openalex.org/W2157545852', 'https://openalex.org/W2160593693', 'https://openalex.org/W2161127887', 'https://openalex.org/W2162426787', 'https://openalex.org/W2162978906', 'https://openalex.org/W2163013441', 'https://openalex.org/W2163423568', 'https://openalex.org/W2163801680', 'https://openalex.org/W2170076353', 'https://openalex.org/W2170748333', 'https://openalex.org/W2172126507', 'https://openalex.org/W2200593486', 'https://openalex.org/W2214829954', 'https://openalex.org/W2270825330', 'https://openalex.org/W2274033742', 'https://openalex.org/W2308102444', 'https://openalex.org/W2462244123', 'https://openalex.org/W2523617340', 'https://openalex.org/W2533625364', 'https://openalex.org/W2534161852', 'https://openalex.org/W2540124140', 'https://openalex.org/W2541334642', 'https://openalex.org/W2541860275', 'https://openalex.org/W2556497321', 'https://openalex.org/W3081965142', 'https://openalex.org/W84181956'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3208804913', 'https://openalex.org/W3043327148', 'https://openalex.org/W3021191527', 'https://openalex.org/W2728554424', 'https://openalex.org/W2620563713', 'https://openalex.org/W2570483825', 'https://openalex.org/W2544996652', 'https://openalex.org/W2499378444', 'https://openalex.org/W2369670737', 'https://openalex.org/W2130114633', 'https://openalex.org/W2127514735', 'https://openalex.org/W2126576575', 'https://openalex.org/W2063171967', 'https://openalex.org/W2047119265', 'https://openalex.org/W2038404120', 'https://openalex.org/W2017706889', 'https://openalex.org/W2008196817', 'https://openalex.org/W2002443440', 'https://openalex.org/W1970975452', 'https://openalex.org/W133696897'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 54, 159], 'advent': [1], 'of': [2, 10, 23, 31, 63, 119, 124, 146, 161, 170, 178, 203], 'dual-modality': [3], 'PET/CT': [4, 73, 101, 120, 171], 'imaging': [5, 74, 172, 199], 'has': [6], 'revolutionized': [7], 'the': [8, 21, 29, 42, 87, 91, 95, 113, 117, 168, 176, 214], 'practice': [9], 'clinical': [11], 'oncology,': [12, 139], 'cardiology': [13, 140], 'and': [14, 20, 46, 66, 83, 132, 136, 141, 174, 180, 194, 200, 222], 'neurology': [15, 142], 'by': [16, 89], 'improving': [17], 'lesions': [18], 'localization': [19], 'possibility': [22], 'accurate': [24], 'quantitative': [25], 'analysis.': [26], 'In': [27], 'addition,': [28], 'use': [30, 118], 'CT': [32, 68], 'images': [33], 'for': [34, 137, 151, 219], 'CT-based': [35, 183], 'attenuation': [36, 51, 184], 'correction': [37, 185], '(CTAC)': [38], 'allows': [39], 'to': [40, 47, 93, 110, 166, 211], 'decrease': [41], 'overall': [43], 'scanning': [44], 'time': [45], 'create': [48], 'a': [49, 60, 64, 67, 71, 77, 122], 'noise-free': [50], 'map': [52], '(μmap).': [53], 'near': [55], 'simultaneous': [56], 'data': [57], 'acquisition': [58], 'in': [59, 70, 97, 112, 121, 182, 197], 'fixed': [61], 'combination': [62], 'PET': [65], 'scanner': [69], 'hybrid': [72, 198], 'system': [75], 'with': [76], 'common': [78], 'patent': [79], 'table': [80], 'minimizes': [81], 'spatial': [82], 'temporal': [84], 'mismatches': [85], 'between': [86, 98], 'modalities': [88], 'elimination': [90], 'need': [92], 'move': [94], 'patient': [96], 'exams.': [99], 'As': [100], 'technology': [102], 'becomes': [103], 'more': [104], 'widely': [105], 'available,': [106], 'studies': [107], 'are': [108, 155, 218, 223, 231], 'beginning': [109], 'appear': [111], 'literature': [114], 'that': [115, 209, 228], 'document': [116], 'variety': [123], 'different': [125], 'cancers,': [126, 135], 'including': [127], 'lung,': [128], 'thyroid,': [129], 'ovarian,': [130], 'lymphoma,': [131], 'unknown': [133], 'primary': [134], 'general': [138], 'applications.': [143], 'Specific': [144], 'applications': [145], 'PET/CT,': [147], 'such': [148], 'as': [149], 'those': [150, 229], 'radiation': [152], 'therapy': [153], 'planning,': [154], 'also': [156, 189], 'being': [157], 'explored.': [158], 'purpose': [160], 'this': [162], 'review': [163], 'paper': [164, 188], 'is': [165, 237], 'introduce': [167], 'principles': [169], 'systems': [173], 'describe': [175], 'sources': [177], 'error': [179], 'artifact': [181], 'algorithm.': [186], 'This': [187], 'focuses': [190], 'on': [191], 'recent': [192], 'developments': [193], 'future': [195], 'trends': [196], 'their': [201], 'areas': [202], 'application.': [204], 'It': [205], 'should': [206], 'be': [207], 'noted': [208], 'due': [210], 'limited': [212], 'space,': [213], 'references': [215], 'contained': [216], 'herein': [217], 'illustrative': [220], 'purposes': [221], 'not': [224, 235], 'inclusive;': [225], 'no': [226], 'implication': [227], 'chosen': [230], 'better': [232], 'than': [233], 'others': [234], 'mentioned': [236], 'intended.': [238]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151919056', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T05:27:25.931643', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}