Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2149808236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2275', 'title': 'Tracheal vascular response to hypertonic and hypotonic solutions', 'display_name': 'Tracheal vascular response to hypertonic and hypotonic solutions', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2149808236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2275', 'mag': '2149808236', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928847'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2275', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140889577', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physiology', 'issn_l': '1522-1601', 'issn': ['1522-1601', '8750-7587'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009733197', 'display_name': 'Jiri Prazma', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Prazma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107277489', 'display_name': 'C C Coleman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. C. Coleman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043077347', 'display_name': 'W. Shockley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9504-7156'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. W. Shockley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015644179', 'display_name': 'R. C. Boucher', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-7647'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. C. Boucher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599–7070.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.728, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 27, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.782879, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '76', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '2275', 'last_page': '2280'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11651', 'display_name': 'Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery', 'score': 0.9938, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11651', 'display_name': 'Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery', 'score': 0.9938, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10322', 'display_name': 'Respiratory Support and Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10051', 'display_name': 'Asthma and respiratory diseases', 'score': 0.9907, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/osmotic-concentration', 'display_name': 'Osmotic concentration', 'score': 0.83422136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/osmole', 'display_name': 'Osmole', 'score': 0.75599235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/glycocalyx', 'display_name': 'Glycocalyx', 'score': 0.43563092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/transepithelial-potential-difference', 'display_name': 'Transepithelial potential difference', 'score': 0.42980725}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117277713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925744', 'display_name': 'Tonicity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9145454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129900496', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643555', 'display_name': 'Osmotic concentration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83422136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14705128', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643555', 'display_name': 'Osmole', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75599235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778445172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407646', 'display_name': 'Mannitol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6536906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.61786777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C534529494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891', 'display_name': 'Respiratory system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5758846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207001950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124', 'display_name': 'In vivo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48561087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4411056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780098789', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898356', 'display_name': 'Glycocalyx', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43563092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28938303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122952', 'display_name': 'Transepithelial potential difference', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42980725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42512155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39299595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1841076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1423299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99975950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911011', 'display_name': 'Ion transporter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.11333054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.08193472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D014132', 'descriptor_name': 'Trachea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000098', 'qualifier_name': 'blood supply', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001160', 'descriptor_name': 'Arterioles', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001160', 'descriptor_name': 'Arterioles', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001160', 'descriptor_name': 'Arterioles', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004848', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004848', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016650', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006982', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypertonic Solutions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007038', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypotonic Solutions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008833', 'descriptor_name': 'Microcirculation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008833', 'descriptor_name': 'Microcirculation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008856', 'descriptor_name': 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009092', 'descriptor_name': 'Mucous Membrane', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009092', 'descriptor_name': 'Mucous Membrane', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000098', 'qualifier_name': 'blood supply', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009092', 'descriptor_name': 'Mucous Membrane', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017207', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012039', 'descriptor_name': 'Regional Blood Flow', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012039', 'descriptor_name': 'Regional Blood Flow', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014132', 'descriptor_name': 'Trachea', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014699', 'descriptor_name': 'Venules', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014699', 'descriptor_name': 'Venules', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014699', 'descriptor_name': 'Venules', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2275', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140889577', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physiology', 'issn_l': '1522-1601', 'issn': ['1522-1601', '8750-7587'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928847', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W68800642', 'https://openalex.org/W4225405849', 'https://openalex.org/W2412910419', 'https://openalex.org/W2409167585', 'https://openalex.org/W2395954666', 'https://openalex.org/W2149808236', 'https://openalex.org/W2135949648', 'https://openalex.org/W2010899765', 'https://openalex.org/W1978630256', 'https://openalex.org/W1540669677'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'One': [0], 'of': [1, 5, 21, 45, 51, 63, 70, 80, 84, 181, 198, 214, 221, 227], 'the': [2, 6, 18, 38, 43, 48, 64, 77, 81, 85, 117, 137, 199, 218, 222], 'major': [3], 'roles': [4], 'upper': [7], 'respiratory': [8, 22], 'mucosa': [9], 'is': [10], 'to': [11, 31, 156, 173], 'humidify': [12], 'inspired': [13], 'air.': [14], 'This': [15], 'function': [16], 'requires': [17], 'coordinated': [19], 'activity': [20], 'epithelium': [23], 'and': [24, 73, 109, 125, 161], 'mucosal': [25, 52, 113, 228], 'vasculature.': [26], 'It': [27], 'has': [28], 'been': [29], 'difficult': [30], 'study': [32], 'this': [33], 'relationship': [34], 'in': [35, 136, 186, 190], 'vivo.': [36], 'In': [37], 'present': [39], 'study,': [40], 'we': [41], 'investigated': [42], 'effects': [44], 'osmolarity': [46, 216], 'on': [47, 217], 'vessel': [49, 191], 'diameter': [50, 192, 226], 'vessels': [53, 114], 'via': [54], 'a': [55, 157, 174], 'specially': [56], 'constructed': [57], 'chamber': [58], 'that': [59, 210], 'allows': [60], 'direct': [61], 'visualization': [62], 'rat': [65, 75], 'trachea': [66, 86, 223], 'microvasculature.': [67], 'With': [68], 'use': [69], 'an': [71, 205], 'anesthetized': [72], 'instrumented': [74], 'preparation,': [76], 'luminal': [78], 'surface': [79, 119, 220], 'dorsal': [82], 'wall': [83], 'was': [87, 120], 'superfused': [88, 121, 128], 'with': [89, 122, 129], 'physiological': [90], 'solutions': [91, 124, 203], 'at': [92], '37': [93], 'degrees': [94], 'C.': [95], 'The': [96, 112, 132, 188], 'osmolarities': [97], 'were': [98, 184, 193], 'varied': [99], 'by': [100, 146, 163, 204], 'removing': [101], 'or': [102, 105, 201, 212], 'adding': [103], 'NaCl': [104], 'mannitol': [106], '(200,': [107], '290,': [108], '500': [110, 175], 'mosM).': [111], 'dilated': [115, 162], 'when': [116, 127, 154, 171], 'airway': [118], 'hypertonic': [123, 202], 'constricted': [126, 145], 'hypotonic': [130], 'solution.': [131, 178, 207], 'largest': [133], 'changes': [134, 180, 189], 'occurred': [135], 'arterioles': [138], '(51': [139], '+/-': [140, 148, 165], '5.6': [141], 'microns': [142, 150, 167], 'diam),': [143], 'which': [144], '10': [147], '2.18': [149], '(P': [151, 168], '=': [152, 169], '0.0001)': [153, 170], 'exposed': [155, 172], '200': [158], 'mosM': [159, 176], 'solution': [160, 215], '11': [164], '1.55': [166], 'NaCl-enriched': [177], 'Smaller': [179], 'similar': [182], 'pattern': [183], 'seen': [185], 'venules.': [187], 'readily': [194], 'reversible': [195], 'upon': [196], 'replacement': [197], 'hypo-': [200], 'isotonic': [206], 'We': [208], 'conclude': [209], 'increase': [211], 'decrease': [213], 'epithelial': [219], 'can': [224], 'regulate': [225], 'blood': [229], 'vessels.': [230]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149808236', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T22:18:47.955980', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}