Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2149489601', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1436.1', 'title': 'Nonviable seed set enhances plant fitness: the sacrificial sibling hypothesis', 'display_name': 'Nonviable seed set enhances plant fitness: the sacrificial sibling hypothesis', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2149489601', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1436.1', 'mag': '2149489601', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19323221'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1436.1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S35917800', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'issn_l': '0012-9658', 'issn': ['0012-9658', '1939-9170'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045396338', 'display_name': 'Jaboury Ghazoul', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-1636'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jaboury Ghazoul', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich 8092, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich 8092, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037654261', 'display_name': 'Akiko Satake', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-8617'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205349734', 'display_name': 'Hokkaido University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e16g702', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205349734']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Akiko Satake', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205349734']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5045396338'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3600, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3600, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.254, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 59, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999934, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '90', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '369', 'last_page': '377'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11927', 'display_name': 'Plant Reproductive Biology', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-predation', 'display_name': 'Seed predation', 'score': 0.61516935}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8687502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1244910', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1481109', 'display_name': 'Inbreeding depression', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8180473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28748434', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170145', 'display_name': 'Zygote', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6530076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188382862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430', 'display_name': 'Predation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6320921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777646061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22690250', 'display_name': 'Seed predation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.61516935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96857902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138108', 'display_name': 'Predator', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51682407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184932067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943313', 'display_name': 'Seed dispersal', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50808334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47559259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143', 'display_name': 'Biological dispersal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48731098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777782036', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38978', 'display_name': 'Inbreeding', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4607272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3818123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196843134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17006871}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14605346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.111365795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87073359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.08525559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D010944', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012639', 'descriptor_name': 'Seeds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012641', 'descriptor_name': 'Selection, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005247', 'descriptor_name': 'Feeding Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018525', 'descriptor_name': 'Germination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007178', 'descriptor_name': 'Inbreeding', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010944', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D054817', 'descriptor_name': 'Pollination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012098', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012098', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproduction', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012639', 'descriptor_name': 'Seeds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1436.1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S35917800', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'issn_l': '0012-9658', 'issn': ['0012-9658', '1939-9170'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19323221', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.55, 'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 61, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1494012229', 'https://openalex.org/W1547301249', 'https://openalex.org/W1608769675', 'https://openalex.org/W1935790728', 'https://openalex.org/W1964487731', 'https://openalex.org/W1975128136', 'https://openalex.org/W1978378796', 'https://openalex.org/W1981300175', 'https://openalex.org/W1984850988', 'https://openalex.org/W1987473931', 'https://openalex.org/W1989526085', 'https://openalex.org/W2001441895', 'https://openalex.org/W2002504209', 'https://openalex.org/W2003607084', 'https://openalex.org/W2003678793', 'https://openalex.org/W2005146844', 'https://openalex.org/W2013520405', 'https://openalex.org/W2014615075', 'https://openalex.org/W2027346478', 'https://openalex.org/W2029796932', 'https://openalex.org/W2029894290', 'https://openalex.org/W2032346991', 'https://openalex.org/W2034343374', 'https://openalex.org/W2038410452', 'https://openalex.org/W2044384481', 'https://openalex.org/W2044812810', 'https://openalex.org/W2047693699', 'https://openalex.org/W2054334969', 'https://openalex.org/W2058259926', 'https://openalex.org/W2064844505', 'https://openalex.org/W2088880842', 'https://openalex.org/W2094919346', 'https://openalex.org/W2099527160', 'https://openalex.org/W2099790566', 'https://openalex.org/W2115269965', 'https://openalex.org/W2116147074', 'https://openalex.org/W2116343361', 'https://openalex.org/W2128544012', 'https://openalex.org/W2128761031', 'https://openalex.org/W2139850809', 'https://openalex.org/W2142202613', 'https://openalex.org/W2150183449', 'https://openalex.org/W2150503489', 'https://openalex.org/W2152198622', 'https://openalex.org/W2157735227', 'https://openalex.org/W2160430665', 'https://openalex.org/W2167263583', 'https://openalex.org/W2313996670', 'https://openalex.org/W2318007767', 'https://openalex.org/W2320023580', 'https://openalex.org/W2323379503', 'https://openalex.org/W2331542968', 'https://openalex.org/W2503846124', 'https://openalex.org/W2962874606', 'https://openalex.org/W2981610271', 'https://openalex.org/W311188353', 'https://openalex.org/W3212512984', 'https://openalex.org/W4240938307', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4322703193', 'https://openalex.org/W786703825'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4249259567', 'https://openalex.org/W4243348370', 'https://openalex.org/W3206666443', 'https://openalex.org/W3195162218', 'https://openalex.org/W3092710941', 'https://openalex.org/W2176933605', 'https://openalex.org/W2156787255', 'https://openalex.org/W2082181286', 'https://openalex.org/W2071787672', 'https://openalex.org/W2039315794'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Many': [0], 'tree': [1], 'species': [2], 'produce': [3], 'far': [4], 'more': [5], 'fruits': [6, 16], 'than': [7], 'eventually': [8], 'mature,': [9], 'with': [10], 'a': [11, 27], 'large': [12], 'proportion': [13], 'of': [14, 36, 54, 62, 74, 104, 120, 137, 149], 'developing': [15], 'being': [17], 'aborted': [18, 85], 'midway': [19], 'through': [20, 134], 'the': [21, 72, 102, 117, 135, 147], 'development': [22], 'process.': [23], 'Whether': [24], 'this': [25, 67], 'is': [26, 39, 48], 'maternally': [28], 'controlled': [29], 'late‐acting': [30], 'self‐incompatibility': [31], 'mechanism,': [32], 'or': [33, 56, 80], 'an': [34, 97], 'expression': [35], 'inbreeding': [37], 'depression,': [38], 'difficult': [40], 'to': [41, 50, 59], 'determine.': [42], 'In': [43, 64], 'either': [44], 'case,': [45], 'however,': [46], 'selection': [47], 'expected': [49], 'favor': [51], 'early': [52], 'abortion': [53], 'inbred': [55, 81], 'incompatible': [57], 'zygotes': [58], 'minimize': [60], 'loss': [61], 'resources.': [63], 'many': [65], 'species,': [66], 'does': [68], 'not': [69], 'occur,': [70], 'suggesting': [71], 'possibility': [73], 'adaptive': [75], 'reasons': [76], 'for': [77, 146], 'retaining': [78], 'selfed': [79, 129], 'seeds': [82, 95, 130], 'that': [83, 93, 128], 'are': [84, 141], 'at': [86], 'relatively': [87], 'late': [88], 'developmental': [89], 'stages.': [90], 'We': [91, 126], 'propose': [92], 'such': [94], 'serve': [96], 'important': [98], 'function': [99], 'in': [100], 'diluting': [101], 'impact': [103], 'pre‐dispersal': [105], 'seed': [106, 111, 138], 'predators': [107], 'by': [108], 'acting': [109], 'as': [110], 'predator': [112, 139], 'sinks': [113], 'and': [114, 122, 132, 144], 'thereby': [115], 'increasing': [116], 'survival': [118], 'probabilities': [119], 'outcrossed': [121, 150], 'fully': [123], 'viable': [124], 'seeds.': [125, 151], 'suggest': [127], 'retained': [131], 'developed': [133], 'periods': [136], 'attack': [140], 'effectively': [142], 'offered': [143], 'sacrificed': [145], 'benefit': [148]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149489601', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T21:58:05.759092', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}