Longitudinal Neuropsychological Follow-Up Study of Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
A.L. Hoff; Michael Sakuma; Mary Wieneke; Robert Horon; Michael Kushner; Lynn E. DeLisi
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2149255662', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1336', 'title': 'Longitudinal Neuropsychological Follow-Up Study of Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia', 'display_name': 'Longitudinal Neuropsychological Follow-Up Study of Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2149255662', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1336', 'mag': '2149255662', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484942'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1336', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S116025658', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0002-953X', 'issn': ['0002-953X', '1535-7228'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316602', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychiatric Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316602'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychiatric Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113552945', 'display_name': 'A.L. Hoff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I59553526', 'display_name': 'Stony Brook University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qghxh33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I59553526']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1327163397', 'display_name': 'State University of New York', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01q1z8k08', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1327163397']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A L Hoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Stony Brook First-Episode Schizophrenia Project, Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, USA. [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Stony Brook First-Episode Schizophrenia Project, Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, USA. [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I59553526', 'https://openalex.org/I1327163397']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035911371', 'display_name': 'Michael Sakuma', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Sakuma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059991022', 'display_name': 'Mary Wieneke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Wieneke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053876433', 'display_name': 'Robert Horon', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R Horon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060024298', 'display_name': 'Michael Kushner', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Kushner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111607247', 'display_name': 'Lynn E. DeLisi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L E DeLisi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.71, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 370, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999798, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '156', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '1336', 'last_page': '1341'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10023', 'display_name': 'Schizophrenia research and treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10023', 'display_name': 'Schizophrenia research and treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11304', 'display_name': 'Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10241', 'display_name': 'Functional Brain Connectivity Studies', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychological-test', 'display_name': 'Neuropsychological test', 'score': 0.42335188}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14216870', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872', 'display_name': 'Neuropsychology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6689153}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6164448}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776412080', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605', 'display_name': 'Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59798896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42813697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776811091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3818443', 'display_name': 'Neuropsychological test', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42335188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11171543', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630', 'display_name': 'Psychoanalysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3236529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32021546}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003072', 'descriptor_name': 'Cognition Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009483', 'descriptor_name': 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012559', 'descriptor_name': 'Schizophrenia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003072', 'descriptor_name': 'Cognition Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003072', 'descriptor_name': 'Cognition Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005500', 'descriptor_name': 'Follow-Up Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006760', 'descriptor_name': 'Hospitalization', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008137', 'descriptor_name': 'Longitudinal Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008568', 'descriptor_name': 'Memory', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009483', 'descriptor_name': 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012559', 'descriptor_name': 'Schizophrenia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012565', 'descriptor_name': 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014706', 'descriptor_name': 'Verbal Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1336', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S116025658', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0002-953X', 'issn': ['0002-953X', '1535-7228'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316602', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychiatric Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316602'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychiatric Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484942', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.84, 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1606131697', 'https://openalex.org/W1973871544', 'https://openalex.org/W1983766539', 'https://openalex.org/W1991390737', 'https://openalex.org/W1995362640', 'https://openalex.org/W2020844317', 'https://openalex.org/W2027973539', 'https://openalex.org/W2028693746', 'https://openalex.org/W2037232426', 'https://openalex.org/W2051829807', 'https://openalex.org/W2057716301', 'https://openalex.org/W2090874551', 'https://openalex.org/W2126281826', 'https://openalex.org/W2126549748', 'https://openalex.org/W2146082988', 'https://openalex.org/W2151225198', 'https://openalex.org/W2414264221', 'https://openalex.org/W2921515719', 'https://openalex.org/W3149245474', 'https://openalex.org/W31690976', 'https://openalex.org/W4239752047'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4300960351', 'https://openalex.org/W4255339336', 'https://openalex.org/W2789562597', 'https://openalex.org/W2439412989', 'https://openalex.org/W2118518384', 'https://openalex.org/W2048445042', 'https://openalex.org/W1995345689', 'https://openalex.org/W1994399522', 'https://openalex.org/W1978173193', 'https://openalex.org/W1966024065'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Back': [0], 'to': [1, 101, 117, 173, 198, 271, 284, 325, 343, 407, 443, 632, 671, 765, 808, 869, 887, 915, 1015, 1072, 1137, 1499, 1506, 1638, 1730, 1751, 1869, 1892, 1962, 2312, 2518, 2529, 2546, 2606, 2647, 2654, 2719, 2767, 2783, 2825, 2906, 2925, 3048, 3103, 3164, 3287, 3303, 3345, 3348, 3539, 3574, 3595, 3615, 3676, 3730, 3740, 3791, 3868, 3889, 3975, 4118, 4525, 4619, 4783], 'table': [2], 'of': [3, 15, 113, 131, 154, 176, 213, 225, 274, 282, 290, 299, 307, 312, 327, 356, 368, 390, 424, 431, 454, 460, 466, 472, 479, 535, 559, 565, 575, 597, 605, 610, 617, 648, 709, 751, 767, 777, 783, 789, 815, 844, 846, 862, 865, 893, 918, 936, 947, 963, 966, 1034, 1055, 1093, 1114, 1145, 1168, 1213, 1216, 1234, 1246, 1250, 1259, 1262, 1281, 1288, 1299, 1327, 1351, 1366, 1418, 1424, 1465, 1476, 1479, 1502, 1509, 1641, 1671, 1687, 1735, 1767, 1783, 1796, 1814, 1817, 1897, 1938, 1942, 1968, 1974, 2020, 2029, 2084, 2141, 2159, 2183, 2208, 2215, 2272, 2308, 2317, 2336, 2454, 2472, 2479, 2482, 2484, 2491, 2551, 2568, 2589, 2652, 2687, 2700, 2709, 2723, 2725, 2737, 2815, 2820, 2837, 2854, 2885, 2900, 3124, 3150, 3229, 3263, 3276, 3297, 3309, 3340, 3351, 3366, 3370, 3382, 3384, 3427, 3437, 3455, 3459, 3463, 3479, 3508, 3577, 3590, 3606, 3624, 3646, 3650, 3678, 3706, 3719, 3745, 3766, 3826, 3838, 3845, 3851, 3854, 3856, 3864, 3893, 3910, 3925, 3936, 3953, 3963, 3965, 3978, 3999, 4007, 4021, 4031, 4056, 4060, 4090, 4097, 4105, 4108, 4112, 4122, 4188, 4247, 4261, 4268, 4334, 4353, 4356, 4362, 4431, 4460, 4467, 4490, 4519, 4522, 4542, 4545, 4613, 4622, 4644, 4676, 4683, 4693, 4700, 4722, 4725, 4728, 4763, 4856, 4884, 4915, 4975, 5009, 5021, 5060, 5068, 5119, 5125, 5129, 5134, 5144, 5172, 5215, 5265, 5271, 5332], 'contents': [4], 'Previous': [5], 'article': [6, 8, 115], 'Next': [7], 'Regular': [9], 'ArticleFull': [10], 'AccessLongitudinal': [11], 'Neuropsychological': [12, 4166, 4189, 4328, 4484, 4642, 4816], 'Follow-Up': [13, 5066], 'Study': [14, 5067], 'Patients': [16, 193, 216, 260, 2779, 4177, 4199, 4236], 'With': [17, 4178, 4200, 4237, 5080, 5227], 'First-Episode': [18, 4086, 4179, 4201, 4238, 4892, 4933, 4984, 5272], 'SchizophreniaAnne': [19, 5145], 'L.': [20, 40, 5111, 5146, 5251], 'Hoff,': [21, 4120, 5147], 'Ph.D.,': [22, 25, 28, 31, 48, 57, 66, 75, 4896, 4900, 4937, 4941, 4945, 4949, 4964, 4990, 5092, 5102, 5105, 5148, 5151, 5157, 5188, 5192, 5196, 5236, 5241, 5245, 5249, 5254, 5281, 5285, 5294, 5301, 5305, 5314], 'Michael': [23, 49, 4995, 5149], 'Sakuma,': [24, 5150], 'Mary': [26, 58], 'Wieneke,': [27], 'Robert': [29, 67, 4901, 5282], 'Horon,': [30], 'Maureen': [32, 76], 'Kushner,': [33], 'M.S.W.,': [34, 84], 'and': [35, 85, 146, 157, 187, 346, 358, 402, 428, 548, 567, 580, 586, 636, 665, 712, 719, 725, 738, 755, 759, 791, 817, 849, 906, 941, 984, 1040, 1043, 1051, 1059, 1064, 1085, 1099, 1117, 1140, 1156, 1206, 1221, 1227, 1307, 1343, 1361, 1386, 1407, 1438, 1447, 1451, 1467, 1504, 1541, 1544, 1571, 1582, 1585, 1606, 1616, 1621, 1627, 1634, 1651, 1661, 1674, 1709, 1737, 1754, 1761, 1786, 1804, 1835, 1895, 1922, 1934, 1971, 2024, 2053, 2068, 2080, 2087, 2089, 2106, 2116, 2125, 2131, 2135, 2156, 2162, 2167, 2353, 2371, 2375, 2383, 2401, 2419, 2437, 2458, 2476, 2496, 2501, 2506, 2508, 2525, 2562, 2574, 2582, 2585, 2613, 2634, 2684, 2689, 2695, 2702, 2706, 2711, 2742, 2772, 2829, 2878, 2961, 2974, 2990, 3006, 3027, 3086, 3106, 3140, 3148, 3180, 3198, 3223, 3235, 3267, 3327, 3357, 3432, 3440, 3536, 3636, 3666, 3682, 3709, 3749, 3752, 3755, 3779, 4034, 4051, 4102, 4158, 4181, 4203, 4226, 4251, 4394, 4434, 4527, 4740, 4861, 4905, 4965, 4999, 5019, 5051, 5070, 5083, 5109, 5132, 5136, 5162, 5182, 5206, 5255, 5276, 5322], 'Lynn': [36, 86, 5163], 'E.': [37, 87, 4996, 5164], 'DeLisi,': [38, 5165], 'M.D.Anne': [39], 'HoffSearch': [41], 'for': [42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 89, 141, 169, 181, 297, 504, 658, 933, 944, 958, 1037, 1109, 1125, 1274, 1305, 1311, 1428, 1871, 1952, 2034, 2165, 2187, 2222, 2254, 2560, 2583, 2600, 2670, 2747, 2762, 2770, 2857, 3073, 3395, 3641, 3961, 3986, 4150, 4155, 4162, 4170, 4193, 4209, 4229, 4265, 4673, 4690, 4714, 4737, 4928], 'more': [43, 52, 61, 70, 79, 90, 2206, 2261, 3697, 4027], 'papers': [44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 91], 'by': [45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 92, 986, 1029, 1047, 1091, 1398, 1455, 1699, 1861, 1879, 1956, 2193, 2229, 2489, 2750, 3255, 3355, 3417, 4141], 'this': [46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 93, 114, 483, 680, 1018, 3560, 3587, 4032], 'author,': [47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 94], 'SakumaSearch': [50], 'WienekeSearch': [59], 'HoronSearch': [68], 'KushnerSearch': [77], 'DeLisiSearch': [88], 'M.D.Published': [95], 'Online:1': [96], 'Sep': [97], '1999https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1336AboutSectionsView': [98], 'articleAbstractPDF/EPUB': [99], 'ToolsAdd': [100], 'favoritesDownload': [102], 'CitationsTrack': [103], 'Citations': [104], 'ShareShare': [105], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [106], 'InEmail': [107], 'View': [108], 'articleAbstractOBJECTIVE:': [109], 'The': [110, 837, 1112, 1241, 1268, 1392, 1416, 1719, 2213, 2513, 3670, 3997, 4145, 4659], 'primary': [111], 'purpose': [112], 'was': [116, 238, 628, 705, 1023, 1082, 1089, 1179, 1191, 1276, 1301, 1396, 1421, 1434, 1517, 1849, 1890, 2007, 2185, 2227, 2249, 2302, 2477, 2544, 2618, 2644, 2824, 2956, 3002, 3244, 3252, 3279, 3473, 3490, 3500, 3721], 'determine': [118, 1731, 2607, 2826, 3792, 3890], 'if': [119, 1512, 2827], 'cognitive': [120, 253, 265, 300, 461, 491, 637, 2346, 2848, 2996, 3250, 3284, 3481, 3505, 3542, 3546, 3812, 3846, 3990, 4395, 4461, 4546], 'abilities': [121, 301, 2849, 3991], '\xaddecline,': [122], 'remain': [123], 'unchanged,': [124], 'or': [125, 143, 522, 662, 897, 1001, 1004, 2000, 2205, 2260, 2296, 2338, 2416, 2447, 2570, 2917, 3078, 3183, 3187, 3521, 3580, 3626, 3776, 3783, 3803, 3814, 3874, 4013, 4287], 'modestly': [126], 'improve': [127, 2920, 3335, 3540], 'throughout': [128, 365, 386, 1600, 2794, 3312], 'the': [129, 170, 211, 214, 235, 256, 268, 303, 310, 366, 369, 376, 387, 408, 464, 474, 573, 595, 602, 608, 611, 614, 735, 830, 925, 931, 934, 942, 945, 956, 961, 971, 981, 1021, 1035, 1053, 1163, 1166, 1282, 1289, 1312, 1316, 1354, 1369, 1422, 1477, 1483, 1489, 1552, 1596, 1601, 1648, 1656, 1688, 1746, 1756, 1768, 1780, 1784, 1792, 1797, 1801, 1812, 1815, 1818, 1821, 1829, 1839, 1899, 1939, 1966, 1969, 1990, 2018, 2026, 2030, 2093, 2102, 2201, 2244, 2306, 2309, 2314, 2326, 2333, 2350, 2354, 2388, 2398, 2424, 2434, 2467, 2470, 2480, 2566, 2578, 2596, 2649, 2655, 2685, 2698, 2707, 2726, 2756, 2795, 2818, 2821, 2851, 2863, 2938, 2952, 2957, 3059, 3074, 3079, 3090, 3122, 3125, 3151, 3204, 3230, 3256, 3260, 3272, 3295, 3313, 3349, 3367, 3371, 3380, 3423, 3477, 3552, 3566, 3575, 3578, 3607, 3619, 3680, 3687, 3737, 3799, 3831, 3840, 3843, 3852, 3862, 3891, 3903, 3934, 3949, 3972, 3993, 4017, 4039, 4052, 4057, 4083, 4103, 4171, 4194, 4230, 4266, 4331, 4354, 4465, 4620, 4674, 4691, 4857, 5074, 5141], 'course': [130, 212, 350, 373, 465, 609, 2853, 4333, 4466], 'schizophrenic': [132, 467, 612, 3979, 4438], 'illness.': [133, 177, 1352, 1367], 'METHOD:': [134], 'Forty-two': [135], 'patients': [136, 321, 498, 512, 570, 643, 654, 684, 742, 768, 785, 848, 867, 953, 1155, 1203, 1242, 1275, 1284, 1306, 1357, 1494, 1528, 1546, 1556, 1575, 1587, 1593, 1650, 1660, 2166, 2534, 2612, 2771, 2804, 2828, 2843, 2915, 2945, 2960, 2977, 3044, 3264, 3298, 3326, 3409, 3428, 3444, 3467, 3647, 3694, 3770, 4000, 4821], 'with': [137, 194, 240, 252, 261, 309, 353, 392, 419, 456, 499, 513, 555, 587, 644, 707, 762, 769, 821, 889, 920, 991, 1497, 1705, 1715, 1779, 2200, 2233, 2294, 2456, 2549, 2592, 2636, 2640, 2805, 2844, 3184, 3215, 3246, 3265, 3299, 3410, 3429, 3445, 3453, 3468, 3502, 3532, 3551, 3736, 3742, 4001, 4822], 'a': [138, 152, 158, 280, 332, 344, 420, 445, 485, 623, 645, 686, 699, 713, 787, 812, 822, 841, 870, 901, 1031, 1079, 1086, 1143, 1151, 1211, 1232, 1244, 1257, 1399, 1431, 1679, 1684, 1701, 1706, 1716, 1809, 2216, 2256, 2269, 2276, 2286, 2320, 2344, 2530, 2621, 3098, 3405, 3456, 3722, 3865, 3907, 3923, 3939, 3945, 4244, 4487, 4579, 4606, 4611, 4866], 'first': [139, 171, 269, 304, 693, 736, 891, 1272, 1781, 1833, 2514, 3257, 3273, 3951, 3973, 4018], 'hospitalization': [140, 694, 737, 1273, 3258], 'schizophrenia': [142, 195, 262, 393, 411, 515, 771, 959, 2806, 2845, 3300, 3411, 3430, 4002, 4243, 4549], 'schizophreniform': [144, 663, 895, 4646], 'disorder': [145, 664, 899, 4246, 4863], '16': [147, 850, 1222, 1370, 1652, 4182, 4204], 'normal': [148, 203, 576, 667, 696, 825, 1977, 1993, 2355, 2788, 2810, 2926, 3290, 4262], 'comparison': [149, 204, 221, 291, 328, 577, 668, 747, 826, 851, 976, 1157, 1223, 1253, 1290, 1313, 1371, 1653, 1663, 1978, 1994, 2005, 2168, 2356, 2425, 2537, 2614, 2773, 2789, 2811, 2830, 2890, 2962, 3007, 3056, 3205, 3291, 3310, 3328, 3608, 3651, 3699, 3753, 4008], 'subjects': [150, 205, 222, 578, 669, 697, 748, 977, 1010, 1026, 1129, 1158, 1224, 1254, 1291, 1654, 1664, 2169, 2455, 2774, 2790, 2812, 2831, 2868, 2891, 2963, 3008, 3057, 3311, 3759], 'had': [151, 685, 1142, 1182, 1243, 1255, 1320, 1330, 1337, 1345, 1374, 1379, 1383, 1388, 2366, 2378, 2869, 2892, 2909, 3052, 3515], 'battery': [153, 905, 1395], 'neuropsycho\xadlogical': [155], 'tests': [156, 1406, 2659], 'magnetic': [159, 907, 4515, 4581, 4868], 'resonance': [160, 908, 4516, 4582, 4869], 'imaging': [161, 909, 4517, 4583, 4870], '(MRI)': [162, 910], 'brain': [163, 248, 383, 417, 480, 634, 1759, 1887, 2486, 2691, 3555, 3567, 4248, 4263, 4432, 4609, 4615], 'scan': [164], 'at': [165, 279, 361, 542, 552, 584, 589, 620, 692, 960, 1165, 1219, 1239, 1271, 1441, 1495, 1610, 1622, 1791, 1808, 2414, 2999, 3586, 4038, 4925, 5140], 'approximate': [166, 860], 'yearly': [167, 1147, 1443], 'intervals': [168, 554], '2': [172, 199, 285, 914, 964, 1507, 2370, 2784, 2887, 3304, 3775, 3974], '5': [174, 272, 1639, 2384, 3784, 3976, 4173, 4232], 'years': [175, 273, 306, 506, 810, 864, 965, 1215, 1236, 1248, 1261, 1278, 1303, 1309, 1640, 2207, 2369, 2381, 2483, 3275, 3855, 3977, 4020], 'Summary': [178, 2012, 4167, 4190], 'rating': [179], 'scales': [180, 2013, 2899, 3153], 'language,': [182], 'executive,': [183], 'memory,': [184, 314, 757, 3967], 'processing': [185], 'speed,': [186], 'sensory-perceptual': [188, 2128, 2879], 'functions': [189, 359, 527, 3319, 4547], 'were': [190, 250, 805, 818, 834, 968, 978, 1027, 1045, 1077, 1102, 1107, 1123, 1159, 1199, 1210, 1231, 1285, 1292, 1358, 1445, 1470, 1529, 1547, 1557, 1576, 1588, 1612, 1643, 1697, 1725, 1740, 1771, 1832, 1877, 1904, 1931, 1936, 1950, 2014, 2025, 2038, 2358, 2392, 2428, 2494, 2516, 2557, 2598, 2628, 2668, 2677, 2717, 2732, 2745, 2832, 2860, 2966, 3046, 3154, 3162, 3175, 3191, 3213, 3392, 3451, 3548, 3653, 3760, 3789, 3795, 3807], 'constructed.': [191], 'RESULTS:': [192], 'scored': [196, 743, 2780], '1': [197, 283, 1505, 2754, 2782, 3302, 5350, 5356], 'standard': [200, 286, 1457, 1972, 2157, 2341, 2785, 2903, 3305, 3638], 'deviations': [201, 287, 1973, 2158, 2342, 2786, 2904, 3306, 3639], 'below': [202, 288, 2787, 3307, 4005], 'on': [206, 223, 452, 674, 749, 779, 1052, 1201, 1595, 1636, 1742, 1774, 1851, 1965, 1997, 2009, 2017, 2178, 2406, 2442, 2734, 2775, 2791, 2813, 2862, 2875, 2897, 2921, 3014, 3519, 3541, 3704, 3801, 4043, 4887], 'neuropsychological': [207, 856, 903, 1197, 1943, 1946, 2189, 2408, 2410, 2444, 2602, 2632, 2680, 2743, 2777, 2816, 3178, 3197, 3318, 3397, 3464, 3816, 3872, 4357], 'test': [208, 904, 1394, 1960, 2161, 2209, 3040, 3066], 'measures': [209, 224, 750, 2814, 2923, 3705], 'during': [210, 3992], 'study.': [215, 3597, 3767, 4366, 4584, 4871], 'exhibited': [217], 'less': [218, 318, 2911], 'improvement': [219, 230, 241, 319, 524, 794, 2337, 2872, 2896, 3054, 3341, 3386, 3494, 3503, 3625, 3964, 4014], 'than': [220, 695, 746, 2535, 2809, 2882, 3055, 3698], 'verbal': [226, 313, 754, 2072, 2876, 2953, 3021, 3075, 3330, 3402, 3966], 'memory.': [227, 3711], 'In': [228, 531, 1096, 2465, 3447, 3834], 'general,': [229, 3448], 'in': [231, 242, 246, 255, 267, 320, 338, 422, 435, 482, 496, 511, 525, 630, 641, 716, 728, 811, 970, 1017, 1162, 1363, 1411, 1482, 1519, 1655, 1678, 1723, 1886, 1923, 1928, 2150, 2172, 2289, 2305, 2319, 2329, 2340, 2343, 2533, 2536, 2572, 2609, 2759, 2834, 2847, 2850, 2944, 2951, 2978, 3050, 3058, 3159, 3166, 3201, 3208, 3217, 3248, 3259, 3283, 3324, 3336, 3387, 3408, 3422, 3443, 3466, 3470, 3495, 3498, 3504, 3545, 3554, 3559, 3622, 3628, 3686, 3725, 3810, 3815, 3824, 3871, 3971, 3988, 4026, 4036, 4175, 4197, 4234, 4284, 4304, 4330, 4397, 4436, 4464, 4548, 4574, 4788, 4818, 4864, 4891, 4923, 4982, 5023, 5076, 5223, 5354], 'positive': [232, 1116, 2573, 3095, 3160, 3496, 3509], 'symptoms': [233, 357, 425, 1119, 2576, 3096, 3112, 3161, 3182, 3510, 3875], 'over': [234, 302, 322, 463, 528, 607, 639, 732, 858, 1728, 2258, 2285, 2520, 2577, 2839, 2873, 2946, 3089, 3116, 3242, 3271, 3322, 3486, 3570], 'time': [236, 323, 364, 529, 545, 640, 733, 803, 1167, 1177, 1187, 1298, 1729, 2163, 2234, 2262, 2521, 2580, 2874, 3243, 3323, 3571, 3995], 'interval': [237], 'associated': [239, 2293, 2639, 3214, 3245, 3501], 'cognition.': [243, 3629], 'No': [244, 3170], 'changes': [245, 3553, 3568, 3870, 3895, 4524], 'regional': [247], 'measurements': [249, 1825, 1876, 2490], 'correlated': [251, 706, 2548, 3550], 'change': [254, 521, 638, 1425, 2184, 2318, 2473, 2519, 2838, 3200, 3282, 3847, 3937, 4617], 'patient': [257, 2351, 2389, 3751], 'group.': [258, 974, 1314], 'CONCLUSIONS:': [259], 'have': [263, 405, 3377, 3399, 3514, 3528, 3583, 3611, 3885], 'considerable': [264, 2283], 'dysfunction': [266], '4': [270, 809, 863, 916, 1637, 2382, 3782, 5337], 'illness,': [275, 308, 1328, 3277, 3480, 3980], 'which': [276, 315, 1462, 1985, 2175, 2264, 2731, 3471, 3905], 'is': [277, 294, 331, 351, 469, 840, 2176, 2800, 3404, 3523, 3563, 3600, 3906, 3938, 3959, 3983], 'stable': [278, 1360, 3485, 4286], 'level': [281], 'that': [289, 326, 335, 378, 410, 683, 704, 766, 832, 1172, 2203, 2452, 2803, 2889, 3043, 3157, 3308, 3401, 3475, 3493, 3525, 3565, 3601, 3690, 3717, 3756, 3793, 3822, 3876, 3933, 4006], 'subjects.': [292, 329, 2615, 3292, 4009], 'There': [293], 'little': [295, 3281], 'evidence': [296, 441, 3492, 3960, 3985, 4485], 'deterioration': [298, 492, 790, 2339, 2943, 3247, 3627, 4012], 'few': [305, 486, 3274, 4019], 'exception': [311], 'shows': [316, 3083], 'significantly': [317, 687, 744, 2870, 2910, 3010, 4004], 'relative': [324], 'Schizophrenia': [330, 1041, 4044, 4087, 4180, 4202, 4604, 4741, 5024, 5181, 5225], 'chronic': [333, 457, 770, 4607], 'illness': [334, 468, 650, 710, 967, 1006, 2552, 4022], 'typically': [336], 'begins': [337], 'early': [339, 415, 487, 2852, 3588, 4332, 4463], 'adulthood,': [340], 'rarely': [341], 'leading': [342], 'quick': [345], 'complete': [347, 842], 'recovery.': [348], 'Its': [349], 'chronic,': [352], 'variable': [354, 2226], 'levels': [355, 495, 3072], 'present': [360, 838, 972, 1657, 1991, 2822, 3261], 'any': [362], 'given': [363, 1693], 'life': [367, 388], 'individual.': [370], 'This': [371, 1514, 2004, 2247, 2280, 2300, 2643, 3338], 'long-term': [372, 625, 4028], 'leaves': [374], 'open': [375], 'possibility': [377, 831], 'an': [379, 414, 675, 726, 859, 1473, 1975, 2173, 2893, 3363, 3435, 3516, 3914], 'underlying': [380], 'active': [381, 4608], 'pathologic': [382], 'process': [384], 'continues': [385], 'span': [389], 'individuals': [391], '(1).': [394], 'This,': [395], 'however,': [396], 'has': [397, 2282, 3739], 'not': [398, 600, 800, 819, 828, 1183, 1362, 1522, 1987, 2919, 2930, 3069, 3334, 3343, 3393, 3549, 3582, 3702, 3715, 3727, 3757, 3829, 3878, 3884, 3931], 'been': [399], 'widely': [400], 'accepted,': [401], 'many': [403, 802, 3317], 'investigators': [404], 'come': [406], 'conclusion': [409], 'arises': [412], 'from': [413, 493, 679, 885, 980, 1061, 1175, 1749, 1867, 1989, 2092, 2101, 2765, 2932, 3011, 3101], 'developmental': [416, 446], 'lesion,': [418], 'delay': [421], 'onset': [423, 647, 3478, 4621], 'until': [426], 'maturation': [427], 'adult': [429], 'organization': [430], 'synaptic': [432], 'pathways': [433], 'are': [434, 1132, 1409, 2148, 2170, 3415, 3483, 3572, 3592], 'place': [436], '(2).': [437], 'Nevertheless,': [438], 'no': [439, 520, 556, 1192, 1549, 1590, 1843, 2393, 2429, 2967, 3192, 3796], 'direct': [440], 'exists': [442], 'implicate': [444], 'anomaly,': [447], 'only': [448, 543, 806, 1133, 1683, 2937, 2950, 3671], 'retrospective': [449], 'assumptions': [450, 2724], 'based': [451], 'studies': [453, 489, 518, 534, 3398, 3462, 4030, 4544], 'adults': [455], 'schizophrenia.': [458, 3446, 4269, 4336, 4399, 4468, 4491, 4623, 4824], 'Assessment': [459, 935, 946, 4675, 4692], 'function': [462, 2059, 2980, 3016, 3061, 3127, 3708, 3813, 3873, 4396, 4643], 'one': [470, 1880, 2010, 3012], 'method': [471], 'determining': [473], 'static': [475], 'versus': [476], 'progressive': [477, 4614], 'nature': [478], 'pathology': [481], 'illness.While': [484], 'longitudinal': [488, 533, 1732, 3955, 4543], 'suggested': [490], 'baseline': [494, 585, 1152, 1220, 1496, 1611, 2407, 2417, 2443, 2593, 2631, 2638, 2748, 2766, 2858, 3102, 3811], 'some': [497, 526, 784, 793, 2738], 'schizophrenia,': [500, 659, 894, 1907, 1911, 1915, 3266, 3469, 4305], 'particularly': [501, 3605], 'those': [502, 990, 1134, 1186, 1927, 2364, 2376, 3454], 'hospitalized': [503], 'several': [505, 1858, 3593], '(3,': [507], '4)': [508], 'but': [509, 599, 1521, 3389, 3942, 3981], 'also': [510, 1772, 2303, 2558, 2645, 3984], 'first-episode': [514, 566, 4335, 4398, 4437, 4575, 4645, 4823], '(5),': [516], 'other': [517, 3171, 3989], 'found': [519, 2517, 2545, 2629, 3176], 'even': [523, 792], '(5–12).': [530], 'previous': [532, 1412], 'neuro\xadpsychological': [536, 1138, 1148, 1393], 'function,': [537, 753, 2817], 'methodological': [538], 'weaknesses': [539], 'included': [540, 924, 969, 1463], 'testing': [541, 551, 562, 581, 1322, 1331, 1338, 1346, 3465], 'two': [544, 1373, 2362, 2515, 3620], 'points': [546, 1178, 2164, 2221, 3888], '(baseline': [547], 'follow-up)': [549, 2374], '(5–11),': [550], 'nonuniform': [553], 'statistical': [557, 2650, 4163], 'adjustment': [558], 'duration': [560, 708, 2550], '(9–11),': [561], 'mixed': [563], 'groups': [564, 2405, 2441, 2453, 3005, 3621, 3754, 3800], 'chronically': [568], 'ill': [569], '(10,': [571, 591], '11),': [572, 592], 'absence': [574], '(5–9),': [579], 'without': [582], 'medication': [583, 588, 598, 1515], 'follow-up': [590, 626, 781, 1300, 1321, 1355, 1376, 1390, 1602, 1642, 1901, 2367, 2379, 2404, 2440, 2460, 2769, 2796, 3001, 3105, 3461, 3746, 3786, 3827, 4029, 4365, 4429, 4514], 'thus': [593], 'measuring': [594, 2275], 'effectiveness': [596], 'necessarily': [601], 'natural': [603], 'history': [604], 'cognition': [606, 778, 2137, 3142, 4435], 'illness.At': [613], 'State': [615, 4095, 4129, 4749], 'University': [616, 4096, 4107, 4121, 4682, 4699, 4721], 'New': [618, 4098, 4745, 4747], 'York': [619, 4748], 'Stony': [621, 4084, 4100], 'Brook,': [622], 'prospective': [624, 4428], 'study': [627, 633, 839, 973, 1019, 1164, 2666, 2823, 3738, 4430, 4518, 4612], 'initiated': [629], '1987': [631, 886, 1724], 'structural': [635, 4616], 'new': [642], 'recent': [646, 3457], 'schizophrenia-like': [649], '(8,': [651, 723, 2553], '13).': [652], 'Eighty-seven': [653], 'satisfying': [655], 'DSM-III-R': [656, 1049, 4715], 'criteria': [657, 957, 1050], 'schizo\xadaffective': [660], 'disorder,': [661, 896], '52': [666], 'continue': [670], 'be': [672, 1692, 1845, 2211, 2266, 2463, 2547, 3049, 3346, 3677, 3879, 3920, 4024], 'studied': [673, 3269, 3289, 3771], 'annual': [676, 1127, 1954, 2197, 2895, 2934, 4054], 'basis.': [677], 'Reports': [678], 'cohort': [681, 4033], 'showed': [682, 786, 3097], 'larger': [688], 'left': [689, 700, 718, 729, 1736, 2495, 2500, 2507, 2688, 3231, 3424, 4858], 'ventricle': [690, 730, 3241], 'size': [691, 703, 731, 3212], '(13),': [698, 711], 'temporal': [701, 1769, 2510, 2541, 2693, 3210, 3425, 4859], 'lobe': [702, 2511, 2542, 3211, 4860], 'significant': [714, 2395, 2431, 2625, 2663, 2672, 2969, 3038, 3071, 3119, 3173, 3194], 'reduction': [715], 'total': [717, 2704], 'right': [720, 1738, 2497, 2502, 2509, 2690, 3209, 3236], 'hemispheric': [721], 'volume': [722, 2523, 2527, 2543], '14)': [724], 'increase': [727, 2569], '(14).At': [734], 'after': [739, 912, 1020, 3476, 4359], 'stabilization,': [740], 'these': [741, 797, 847, 1672, 2898, 2922, 3167, 3894, 3954], 'worse': [745, 2808], 'executive': [752, 2058, 2979, 3015, 3060, 3126, 3658, 3681, 3707], 'spatial': [756, 2097, 3131, 3218, 3661, 3683, 3710], 'concentration/speed,': [758], 'global': [760, 1121, 2136, 2991, 3141, 3667], 'cognition,': [761, 3520], 'comparable': [763], 'performance': [764, 2594, 2617, 2633, 2758, 2859, 3251, 3296, 3998], '(7,': [772, 1414], '15).': [773, 1415], 'Our': [774], 'preliminary': [775, 4440], 'analysis': [776, 843, 1420, 2307], 'repeat': [780], 'evaluations': [782, 857, 1198, 1408, 1444], 'lack': [788, 3339, 3383, 3718, 3962], '(8).': [795], 'However,': [796, 3630], 'data': [798, 1169, 1174, 1419, 2198, 2210, 2220, 2311, 3887, 4786], 'did': [799, 1986, 2918, 2929, 3068, 3333, 3342, 3828, 3930], 'include': [801], 'points,': [804, 2199, 2263], 'extended': [807], 'small': [813, 3602], 'number': [814, 1941, 2133, 2481, 3853], 'subjects,': [816, 852, 1372, 2538, 3329, 3700], 'compared': [820, 2905, 2924, 3286], 'similar': [823], 'aged': [824], 'group,': [827, 2426, 3206, 3609], 'excluding': [829, 1755], 'improvements': [833, 3165], 'practice': [835], 'effects.': [836, 2673], '42': [845, 1202, 1283, 1317, 1649, 4176, 4198, 4235], 'who': [853, 954, 1135, 1141, 1209, 1230, 1889, 2365, 2377, 2908, 3045], 'completed': [854, 1200, 1256, 1665], 'serial': [855, 1666], 'mean': [861, 1212, 1233, 1245, 1258, 1269, 1297, 1970, 3649], 'follow-up.METHODConsecutive': [866], 'admitted': [868], 'public': [871], 'hospital’s': [872], 'catchment': [873], 'area': [874, 3436], 'acute': [875, 1364, 4360], 'inpatient': [876], 'unit': [877, 1417, 3837], '(Kings': [878], 'Park': [879], 'Psychiatric': [880, 927, 4125, 4661, 4750], 'Center,': [881, 4094, 4127], 'Kings': [882], 'Park,': [883], 'N.Y.)': [884], '1992': [888], 'their': [890, 1324, 1333, 1340, 1348, 2835, 3763], 'episode': [892], 'schizoaffective': [898, 1919], 'received': [900, 4074], 'comprehensive': [902], 'scans': [911, 1696, 1855, 2493], 'approximately': [913, 2781, 2901], 'weeks': [917, 1859], 'stabilization': [919], 'medication.': [921, 1008, 1550, 1591], 'Baseline': [922, 2616, 4210], 'interviews': [923], 'Brief': [926, 4660], 'Rating': [928, 4662], 'Scale': [929, 932, 943, 2105, 4168, 4191, 4672, 4689], '(16),': [930], 'Negative': [937, 4677], 'Symptoms': [938, 949, 4678, 4695], '(SANS)': [939], '(17),': [940], 'Positive': [948, 4694], '(SAPS)': [950], '(18).': [951], 'Only': [952], 'met': [955], 'end': [962, 1795], 'Normal': [975, 4183, 4205, 5084], 'recruited': [979], 'surrounding': [982], 'community': [983], 'screened': [985], 'structured': [987], 'interviews,': [988, 1056], 'eliminating': [989], 'major': [992, 3723], 'psychiatric': [993], 'disorders,': [994], 'axis': [995], 'II': [996], 'personality': [997], 'disorders': [998], '(19),': [999], 'alcohol': [1000], 'drug': [1002], 'abuse,': [1003], 'physical': [1005], 'requiring': [1007], 'All': [1009, 1154, 1875], 'gave': [1011], 'written': [1012], 'informed': [1013], 'consent': [1014], 'participate': [1016], 'procedure': [1022], 'fully': [1024], 'explained.All': [1025], 'interviewed': [1028], 'using': [1030, 1048, 1456, 1700, 1862, 2194, 2230, 2660, 2751, 3633], 'revised': [1032], 'version': [1033], 'Schedule': [1036, 4736], 'Affective': [1038, 4738, 5184], 'Disorders': [1039, 4739], '(20),': [1042], 'diagnoses': [1044, 1071, 1903], 'made': [1046, 1103, 1741, 1773, 1878], 'basis': [1054, 1967, 2019], 'medical': [1057], 'records,': [1058], 'information': [1060], 'family': [1062], 'members': [1063], 'treating': [1065, 1490], 'physicians.': [1066], 'Two': [1067], 'independent': [1068, 1976, 2245, 2478], 'professionals': [1069], 'assigned': [1070], 'all': [1073, 1094, 1115, 1442, 1493, 1872, 1958, 2142, 2195, 2219, 2776, 2792, 3758], 'cases.': [1074, 1524], 'When': [1075], 'disagreements': [1076], 'present,': [1078], 'third': [1080, 1341], 'physician': [1081], 'consulted': [1083], '(L.E.D.),': [1084], 'final': [1087, 1553, 3859], 'diagnosis': [1088, 2998], 'reached': [1090, 1185], 'consensus': [1092], 'three.': [1095], 'addition,': [1097, 2466, 3835], 'SANS': [1098, 2418, 2561, 2701, 3085, 4225], 'SAPS': [1100, 2420, 2563, 2703, 3087, 3152, 4227], 'ratings': [1101, 1106, 3088], 'annually.': [1104], 'These': [1105, 1405, 2146, 3413], 'available': [1108, 2177, 2196, 3394], '37': [1110], 'patients.': [1111, 2883, 3202, 3337, 4550, 4647], 'sums': [1113], 'negative': [1118, 2575, 2626, 2948, 3111, 3181], '(excluding': [1120], 'ratings)': [1122], 'calculated': [1124, 2186, 2228, 2559], 'each': [1126, 1429, 1953, 2035, 2160, 2188, 2223, 2601, 2763], 'evaluation.The': [1128], 'reported': [1130, 3558], 'here': [1131], 'agreed': [1136], 'retesting': [1139], 'minimum': [1144], 'three': [1146, 1382, 1545, 1935, 2259], 'evaluations,': [1149, 3970], 'including': [1150, 1745], 'evaluation.': [1153], 'actively': [1160], 'enrolled': [1161], 'analysis,': [1170], 'such': [1171], 'missing': [1173], 'later': [1176], 'because': [1180, 2251, 2623, 3917], 'they': [1181, 2928], 'yet': [1184], 'points.': [1188], 'Thus,': [1189, 2325, 3712, 3818], 'there': [1190, 2391, 2427, 3278, 3794, 3808, 3958, 3982], 'selective': [1193, 3406], 'case': [1194], 'attrition.': [1195], 'Follow-up': [1196], '(31': [1204], 'men': [1205, 1226, 1293], '11': [1207, 1287], 'women)': [1208, 1229], '26.3': [1214], 'age': [1217, 1270, 2413], '(SD=7.4)': [1218], '(11': [1225], 'five': [1228, 1387], '26.1': [1235], 'old': [1237], '(SD=5.3)': [1238], 'baseline.': [1240], '12.5': [1247], '(SD=2.1)': [1249, 1264], 'education,': [1251, 1999], 'whereas': [1252, 2539, 3110], '14.9': [1260], 'education': [1263], '(t=–3.97,': [1265], 'df=1,': [1266, 1295, 2982, 2987, 2993, 4215, 4221], 'p<0.001).': [1267], '26.7': [1277], '(SD=7.2).': [1279], 'Thirty-one': [1280], 'men;': [1286], '(χ2=0.19,': [1294], 'n.s.).The': [1296], '3.6': [1302], '(SD=0.7)': [1304], '3.8': [1308], '(SD=0.9)': [1310], 'Of': [1315, 1368, 1647, 1926], 'patients,': [1318, 2907, 3388], '14': [1319], 'through': [1323, 1332, 1339, 1347, 2218, 2368, 2380, 3762, 3772], 'fifth': [1325, 3764], 'year': [1326, 1350, 1427, 1896, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2323, 2475, 2764, 3765], '15': [1329, 3460], 'fourth': [1334], 'year,': [1335, 1342, 3849], 'nine': [1336], 'four': [1344, 1574, 1930], 'second': [1349, 3734], 'At': [1353, 1525, 1551], 'testing,': [1356, 1377], 'clinically': [1359], 'episodes': [1365, 4361], '5-year': [1375, 2768, 3091, 3314], 'six': [1378, 2143], '4-year': [1380], 'follow-up,': [1381, 1385, 1554, 1623], '3-year': [1384], '2-year': [1389], 'testing.': [1391], 'administered': [1397], 'trained': [1400, 1885], 'psychology': [1401], 'graduate': [1402], 'student': [1403], '(M.S.).': [1404], 'detailed': [1410], 'publications': [1413], 'rate': [1423, 2182, 2316, 2471, 2836, 3623], 'per': [1426, 2225, 2322, 2348, 2474, 3511, 3848], 'subject;': [1430], 'regression': [1432, 2232, 2653], 'slope': [1433, 2214, 2327, 2468, 3867, 3947], 'used.All': [1435], 'medications': [1436], '(neuroleptic': [1437], 'nonneuroleptic': [1439, 1468], 'drugs)': [1440], 'recorded': [1446], 'converted': [1448], 'into': [1449, 2361], 'chlorpromazine': [1450, 1605, 2584, 2710, 3186, 3356], 'atropine': [1452, 1607, 2586, 2712, 3188, 3358], 'dose': [1453, 1608, 2587, 2713, 3189, 3359], 'equivalents': [1454, 1609, 3360], 'formulas': [1458], '(21).': [1459], 'Atropine-equivalent': [1460], 'doses,': [1461], 'estimates': [1464], 'neuroleptic': [1466, 4819], 'medications,': [1469, 3352], 'used': [1471, 2304, 2619, 2718, 3902, 3944], 'as': [1472, 1905, 2039, 2243, 2268, 2595, 2620, 3353, 3654, 3913, 3922, 3948, 4605], 'indirect': [1474, 3364], 'estimate': [1475], 'amount': [1478, 2335, 2567, 3844], 'anticholinergic': [1480, 3368, 3374], 'activity': [1481], 'medications.': [1484], 'To': [1485], 'keep': [1486], 'treatment': [1487, 1598, 3526], 'uniform,': [1488], 'psychiatrist': [1491], 'medicated': [1492], '10': [1498, 1852], '20': [1500], 'mg': [1501, 1508, 1614, 1618, 1625, 1629], 'haloperidol': [1503], 'benztropine': [1510], 'mesylate,': [1511], 'needed.': [1513], 'regimen': [1516, 1599], 'successful': [1518], 'most,': [1520], 'all,': [1523], 'baseline,': [1526, 2236], '39': [1527], 'receiving': [1530], 'typical': [1531, 1559], 'neuroleptics': [1532, 1560, 1579], '(haloperidol:': [1533, 1561], 'N=27,': [1534], 'fluphenazine:': [1535, 1565], 'N=4,': [1536, 1538, 1564], 'thiothixene:': [1537, 1563], 'thioridazine:': [1539, 1569], 'N=3,': [1540, 1581], 'loxapine:': [1542, 1572], 'N=1),': [1543, 1573, 1584], 'taking': [1548, 1558, 1577, 1589, 1932], '30': [1555], 'N=20,': [1562], 'N=2,': [1566, 1568], 'perphenazine:': [1567], 'N=1,': [1570], 'atypical': [1578], '(clozapine:': [1580], 'risperidone:': [1583], 'eight': [1586], 'Most': [1592], 'remained': [1594, 3108, 3301], 'same': [1597, 2579, 3994], 'period.': [1603, 2797, 3092, 3315, 3996], 'Average': [1604], '546.4': [1613], '(SD=523.6)': [1615], '2.8': [1617], '(SD=5.3),': [1619], 'respectively,': [1620], '301.6': [1624], '(SD=377.2)': [1626], '6.3': [1628], '(SD=20.2),': [1630], 'respectively.The': [1631], 'MRI': [1632, 1667, 1689, 1695, 1720, 2310, 2492, 2740, 3199], 'methods': [1633], 'results': [1635, 3832], 'published': [1644], 'previously': [1645, 3557], '(14).': [1646, 2324], 'study,': [1658], '34': [1659], '12': [1662], 'scans.': [1668], 'Since': [1669, 2798], 'details': [1670, 2147], 'procedures': [1673, 1690], 'subsequent': [1675, 4618], 'analyses': [1676], 'appeared': [1677], 'separate': [1680], 'publication': [1681], '(14),': [1682], 'brief': [1685], 'description': [1686], 'will': [1691, 4023], 'here.': [1694], 'performed': [1698, 1850, 2669, 2678, 2861], 'GE': [1702], 'Signa': [1703], 'scanner': [1704], '1.5-T': [1707], 'magnet': [1708], 'spin-echo': [1710], 'T1-weighted': [1711], '5-mm': [1712], 'coronal': [1713, 1743, 1775, 1824], 'sequences': [1714], '2-mm': [1717], 'gap.': [1718], 'specifications': [1721], 'determined': [1722], 'kept': [1726], 'constant': [1727], 'change.': [1733], 'Measurements': [1734, 1766], 'hemispheres': [1739], 'slices': [1744], 'whole': [1747], 'brain,': [1748], 'frontal': [1750, 1840], 'occipital': [1752, 1830], 'poles,': [1753], 'cerebellum,': [1757], 'ventricles,': [1758, 1823], 'stem,': [1760], 'CSF': [1762], 'between': [1763, 2397, 2433, 2611, 2630, 2679, 2959, 2971, 3121, 3177, 3196, 3618, 3750, 3798], 'outer': [1764, 1802], 'sulci.': [1765], 'lobes': [1770], 'slices,': [1776], 'beginning': [1777], 'posteriorly': [1778], 'visualization': [1782], 'superior': [1785], 'inferior': [1787], 'colliculi,': [1788], 'tracing': [1789], 'medially': [1790], 'lowest': [1793], 'medial': [1794], 'lateral': [1798, 1822, 2503, 2696, 3240, 4391], 'sulcus,': [1799], 'circumscribing': [1800], 'surface': [1803], 'following': [1805], 'fissures': [1806], 'ending': [1807], 'line': [1810, 2217, 2257], 'connecting': [1811], 'base': [1813], 'stem': [1816], 'lobes.': [1819], 'For': [1820], 'began': [1826], 'posteriorly,': [1827], 'where': [1828, 1838], 'horns': [1831, 1841], 'visualized,': [1834], 'ended': [1836], 'anteriorly,': [1837], 'could': [1842, 2265, 2462], 'longer': [1844, 2402, 2438, 2459, 3780], 'seen.': [1846], 'Intrarater': [1847], 'reliability': [1848], 'randomly': [1853], 'selected': [1854], 'measured': [1856, 2469, 3354], 'twice': [1857], 'apart': [1860], 'intraclass': [1863], 'correlations.': [1864], 'They': [1865, 2037], 'ranged': [1866], '0.90': [1868], '0.99': [1870], 'structures': [1873, 2487], 'analyzed.': [1874], 'master’s-level': [1881], 'research': [1882], 'assistant': [1883], '(M.S.)': [1884], 'anatomy': [1888], 'blind': [1891], 'diagnostic': [1893, 3004], 'status': [1894], 'follow-up.At': [1898], 'last': [1900, 3000], 'evaluation,': [1902], 'follows:': [1906, 2040, 3655], 'paranoid': [1908], 'type:': [1909, 1913, 1917], 'N=8;': [1910], 'undifferentiated': [1912], 'N=7;': [1914], 'residual': [1916], 'N=11;': [1918], 'disorder:': [1920], 'N=9;': [1921], 'remission:': [1924], 'N=7.': [1925], 'remission,': [1929], 'medication,': [1933], 'not.Because': [1937], 'large': [1940, 3674], 'dependent': [1944], 'measures,': [1945, 2023, 2409, 2445], 'summary': [1947, 2190, 2603, 2681, 2865], 'scale': [1948, 2144, 2191, 2604, 2682, 2940, 3146], 'scores': [1949, 1964, 2033, 2331, 2761, 2881, 2941, 3041, 3067, 3147, 3332], 'created': [1951], 'evaluation': [1955], 'converting': [1957], 'individual': [1959, 2031, 2224], 'variables': [1961], 'z': [1963, 2032, 2330, 2760], 'group': [1979, 1995, 2006, 2352, 2357, 3262, 3603, 3634, 3643, 4212, 4218], '(N=74;': [1980], 'men:': [1981], 'N=56,': [1982], 'women:': [1983], 'N=18),': [1984], 'differ': [1988], 'study’s': [1992], '(N=16)': [1996], 'age,': [1998, 2412], 'parental': [2001], 'socioeconomic': [2002], 'status.': [2003], 'tested': [2008], 'occasion.': [2011], 'constructed': [2015], 'empirically,': [2016], 'internal': [2021], 'consistency': [2022], 'summed': [2027, 2139], 'average': [2028, 2140, 2271, 2315, 2334, 2757, 2894, 3084, 3909], 'test.': [2036], 'language': [2041], '(prorated': [2042], 'Verbal': [2043, 2075], 'IQ;': [2044], 'Wide-Range': [2045], 'Achievement': [2046], 'Test—Revised—Reading,': [2047], 'Boston': [2048], 'Naming': [2049], 'Test,': [2050, 2063, 2067, 2077, 2121], 'Word': [2051, 2056], 'Attack,': [2052], 'Controlled': [2054], 'Oral': [2055], 'Association),': [2057], '(Wisconsin': [2060], 'Card': [2061], 'Sorting': [2062], 'abbreviated': [2064], 'Booklet': [2065], 'Category': [2066], 'Stroop': [2069], 'Color-Word': [2070], 'Test),': [2071, 2110, 2127], 'memory': [2073, 2098, 2877, 2939, 2954, 3022, 3076, 3132, 3219, 3331, 3385, 3403, 3684], '(California': [2074], 'Learning': [2076], 'Associate': [2078], 'Learning,': [2079], 'Logical': [2081], 'Memory': [2082, 2095, 2104], '[sum': [2083], 'story': [2085], 'elements': [2086], 'immediate': [2088], 'delayed': [2090], 'recall': [2091], 'Wechsler': [2094, 2103], 'Scale]),': [2096], '(Visual': [2099], 'Reproduction': [2100], 'Benton': [2107], 'Visual': [2108], 'Retention': [2109], 'concentration/speed': [2111, 2985, 3028, 3080, 3136, 3224], '(Trail': [2112], 'Making': [2113], 'Tests': [2114], 'A': [2115, 3733, 3858, 4427, 4513, 4540, 4781, 5078], 'B,': [2117, 4504, 4705], 'Symbol': [2118], 'Digit': [2119], 'Modalities': [2120], 'Finger': [2122], 'Tapping': [2123], 'test,': [2124], 'Cancellation': [2126], '(finger': [2129], 'gnosis': [2130], 'finger-tip': [2132], 'writing),': [2134], '(the': [2138], 'scores).': [2145], 'provided': [2149, 2171], 'our': [2151, 3449, 3596, 3613, 3726, 3836], 'earlier': [2152], 'report': [2153], '(7).': [2154], 'Means': [2155], 'appendix,': [2174], 'request': [2179], '(Dr.': [2180], 'Hoff).The': [2181], 'score': [2192, 2605], 'requirement': [2202], '3': [2204, 2372, 3082, 3777], 'available.': [2212], 'linear': [2231, 2752, 3866, 3940, 3946], '(e.g.,': [2235, 3896], '1,': [2238], '2,': [2240], '3)': [2242], 'variable.': [2246], 'approach': [2248, 2281, 2301], 'advantageous': [2250], 'it': [2252, 2799, 3472, 3522, 3918], 'allowed': [2253], 'fitting': [2255], 'interpreted': [2267, 3921], 'weighted': [2270, 3908], 'repeated': [2273, 2933, 3911, 3969], 'observations,': [2274, 3912], 'consistent': [2277, 3452, 3926], 'directional': [2278, 3927], 'trend.': [2279, 3928], 'advantages': [2284], 'pre-post': [2287], 'design': [2288], 'reducing': [2290], 'error': [2291], 'variance': [2292], 'subject': [2295], 'measurement': [2297], 'inconsistency': [2298], '(22).': [2299], 'detect': [2313, 3616, 3731], 'structure': [2321, 3556], 'expressed': [2328], 'indicates': [2332], 'particular': [2345], 'domain': [2347, 2880, 2955, 3062, 3077], 'year.Both': [2349], 'broken': [2359], 'down': [2360], 'groups:': [2363], '(shorter': [2373], '(longer': [2385], 'follow-up).': [2386], 'Within': [2387, 3203], 'cohort,': [2390], 'statistically': [2394, 2430, 2624, 2671, 2964, 2968, 3172, 3193], 'differences': [2396, 2432, 2608, 2970, 3617, 3644, 3797, 3809, 3823], 'shorter': [2399, 2435, 2457, 3773], '(N=13)': [2400], '(N=29)': [2403], 'slopes,': [2411, 2446], 'onset,': [2415], 'scores.': [2421], 'Likewise,': [2422], 'within': [2423, 3748], '(N=8)': [2436, 2439], 'age.': [2448], 'Therefore,': [2449], 'we': [2450, 3713, 3788, 3819, 3882, 3901, 3943], 'felt': [2451, 3820], 'times': [2461], 'combined.': [2464], 'follow-up.The': [2485], 'quantified': [2488], 'hemisphere': [2498], 'volumes,': [2499, 2505, 2692], 'ventricular': [2504, 2526], 'volumes.': [2512], '(cerebral': [2522], 'decreasing': [2524], 'increasing)': [2528], 'greater': [2531, 2641, 2871, 3053, 3419, 3533, 3537], 'extent': [2532], 'reduced': [2540], '13,': [2554], '14).': [2555], 'Slopes': [2556, 4187], 'scores,': [2564], 'reflecting': [2565], 'decrease': [2571], 'period': [2581], 'equivalents.Analyses': [2588], 'covariance': [2590], '(ANCOVAs),': [2591], 'covariate,': [2597], 'computed': [2599, 3640], 'slopes': [2610, 2683, 2686, 2699, 2708, 2741, 2744, 3123, 3149, 3179], 'co\xadvariate': [2622], 'relationships': [2627, 3174], 'slope,': [2635, 3841, 3904], 'lower': [2637], 'slope.': [2642], 'done': [2646], 'avoid': [2648], 'problem': [2651, 3735], 'mean.': [2656], 'Post': [2657, 3034, 3064], 'hoc': [2658, 3035, 3065], 'Tukey’s': [2661], 'honestly': [2662, 3037], 'difference': [2664, 2958, 3039], '(unequal': [2665], 'groups)': [2667], 'Spearman': [2674, 2715], 'r': [2675], 'correlations': [2676, 2716, 3120, 3195], 'lobes,': [2694], 'ventricles;': [2697], 'scores;': [2705], 'equivalents.': [2714], 'guard': [2720], 'against': [2721], 'violations': [2722], 'Pearson': [2727], 'correlation—i.e.,': [2728], 'asymmetric': [2729], 'distributions,': [2730], 'seen': [2733, 3569], 'visual': [2735], 'inspection': [2736], 'variables.': [2739], 'adjusted': [2746], 'values': [2749], 'regression.RESULTSFigure': [2753], 'illustrates': [2755], 'domains.': [2778, 3033, 3169], 'domains': [2793], 'well': [2801], 'documented': [2802], 'perform': [2807], 'focus': [2819], 'different': [2833, 3743], 'time—that': [2840], 'is,': [2841, 2914, 3693], 'do': [2842, 3581, 3714, 3741, 3883], 'deteriorate': [2846], 'illness?ANCOVAs': [2855], 'adjusting': [2856], 'seven': [2864], 'scales.': [2866], 'Comparison': [2867, 4184, 4206, 5079], 'Analysis': [2884], 'figure': [2886], 'reveals': [2888], '0.2': [2902], 'improvement.': [2912], 'That': [2913, 3692], 'deteriorated': [2916], 'subjects—i.e.,': [2927], 'benefit': [2931], 'practice.': [2935], 'Interestingly,': [2936], 'indicated': [2942], 'time—i.e.,': [2947], 'slopes—but': [2949], 'significant.There': [2965], 'male': [2972], '(N=31)': [2973], 'female': [2975], '(N=11)': [2976], '(F=3.12,': [2981], '39,': [2983, 2988, 2994], 'p<0.08),': [2984], '(F=3.57,': [2986], 'p<0.07),': [2989], '(F=3.71,': [2992], 'p<0.06)': [2995], 'domains.When': [2997], 'considered,': [3003], 'differed': [3009], 'another': [3013], '(F=3.59,': [3017], 'df=5,': [3018, 3024, 3030], '51,': [3019, 3025, 3031], 'p<0.007),': [3020], '(F=2.64,': [3023], 'p<0.03),': [3026], '(F=2.36,': [3029], 'p<0.05)': [3032, 3222, 3239], 'Tukey': [3036], 'revealed': [3042], 'considered': [3047], 'remission': [3051], '(p<0.05).': [3063], 'reach': [3070], 'domain.Figure': [3081], 'As': [3093], 'shown,': [3094], 'steep': [3099], 'drop': [3100], 'first-year': [3104], 'then': [3107], 'constant,': [3109], 'gradually': [3113], 'decreased': [3114], 'slightly': [3115], 'time.': [3117], 'Statistically': [3118], '(rs=–0.40,': [3128], 'N=33,': [3129, 3134, 3138, 3144], 'p<0.02),': [3130], '(rs=–0.54,': [3133], 'p<0.001),': [3135], '(rs=–0.56,': [3137], 'p<0.0006),': [3139], '(rs=–0.65,': [3143], 'p<0.00005)': [3145], 'found,': [3155], 'indicating': [3156], 'decreases': [3158, 3207, 3216], 'related': [3163, 3347], 'cogitive': [3168], 'either': [3185], 'equivalents.There': [3190], '(rs=0.63,': [3220], 'N=12,': [3221, 3226, 3233, 3238], '(rs=0.61,': [3225], 'p<0.05).': [3227], 'Enlargement': [3228], '(rs=–0.85,': [3232], 'p<0.001)': [3234], '(rs=–0.61,': [3237], 'concentration/speed.DISCUSSIONPoor': [3249], 'detected': [3253], 'initially': [3254], 'when': [3268], 'serially': [3270], 'surprisingly': [3280], 'functioning': [3285, 3547, 4358, 4462], 'similarly': [3288], 'On': [3293], 'average,': [3294], 'Although': [3316], 'actually': [3320, 3695], 'improved': [3321, 3696], 'both': [3325], 'appear': [3344], 'effects': [3350], '(atropine': [3361], 'being': [3362, 3728], 'measure': [3365, 3916, 3924], 'properties': [3369], 'medication).': [3372], 'Serum': [3373], 'assays': [3375], 'would': [3376], 'better': [3378], 'addressed': [3379], 'issue': [3381, 3724, 3860], 'blood': [3390], 'samples': [3391], 'study.Some': [3396], 'demonstrated': [3400], 'deficit': [3407, 4283], '(23).': [3412], 'findings': [3414, 3450], 'supported': [3416], 'relatively': [3418, 3484], 'volumetric': [3420], 'reductions': [3421], 'regions': [3426], '(24)': [3431], 'may': [3433, 3513, 3610, 3877], 'suggest': [3434], 'lessened': [3438], 'functional': [3439, 3584], 'anatomical': [3441], 'plasticity': [3442, 3535], 'review': [3458, 4541], 'concluded': [3474], 'deficits': [3482, 4329, 4817], 'long': [3487], 'periods': [3488, 3747], '(12).There': [3489], 'strong': [3491], 'symptoms,': [3497], 'particular,': [3499], 'performance.': [3506], 'Reduction': [3507], 'se': [3512], 'enhancing': [3517], 'effect': [3518, 3631, 3672, 4213, 4219], 'possible': [3524, 3564], 'responders': [3527], 'premorbidly': [3529], 'healthier': [3530], 'brains': [3531], 'neural': [3534], 'capacity': [3538], 'tasks.': [3543], 'Changes': [3544], 'cohort.': [3561], 'It': [3562], 'unrelated': [3573], 'manifestation': [3576], 'disease': [3579], 'consequences': [3585], 'stage': [3589], 'illness.There': [3591], 'limitations': [3594], 'One': [3598], 'limitation': [3599], 'sizes,': [3604], 'limited': [3612], 'ability': [3614], 'sizes': [3632, 3673], 'means': [3635], 'pooled': [3637], 'nonsignificant': [3642], '(mean': [3645], 'minus': [3648], 'subjects)': [3652], 'language:': [3656], '–0.13,': [3657], 'function:': [3659], '0.29,': [3660], 'memory:': [3662], '0.25,': [3663], 'concentration/speed:': [3664], '0.18,': [3665], 'cognition:': [3668], '0.08.': [3669], 'enough': [3675, 3886], 'interest—i.e.,': [3679], 'domains—go': [3685], 'direction': [3688], 'opposite': [3689], 'predicted.': [3691], 'although': [3701], 'significantly,': [3703], 'feel': [3716], 'power': [3720], 'able': [3729, 3790], 'differences.': [3732], 'lengths': [3744], 'evaluated': [3761], 'By': [3768], 'comparing': [3769], '(through': [3774, 3781], 'years)': [3778, 3785], 'periods,': [3787], 'demographic': [3802], 'clinical': [3804, 4526, 4791], 'characteristics,': [3805], 'nor': [3806], 'slopes.': [3817], 'confident': [3821], 'length': [3825], 'affect': [3830], 'considerably.': [3833], 'measurement,': [3839], 'reflects': [3842], 'regardless': [3850], 'follow-up.': [3857], 'concerns': [3861], 'use': [3863, 4784], 'characterize': [3869], 'linear.': [3880], 'Unfortunately,': [3881], 'pattern': [3892, 3935], 'linear,': [3897], 'U-shaped,': [3898], 'exponential).': [3899], 'Rather,': [3900], 'outcome': [3915], 'can': [3919], 'We': [3929], 'assume': [3932], 'one,': [3941], 'best': [3950], 'approximation': [3952], 'changes.In': [3956], 'conclusion,': [3957], 'despite': [3968], 'stability': [3987, 4355], 'remains': [4003], 'Whether': [4010], 'further': [4011], 'occurs': [4015], 'beyond': [4016], 'answered': [4025], 'others.Presented': [4035], 'part': [4037, 4306], 'Sixth': [4040], 'International': [4041], 'Congress': [4042], 'Research,': [4045, 4753], 'Colorado': [4046], 'Springs,': [4047], 'April': [4048, 5260, 5327], '12,': [4049], '1997,': [4050], '37th': [4053], 'meeting': [4055], 'American': [4058, 4913, 4973, 5007, 5058, 5117, 5170, 5213, 5263, 5330], 'College': [4059, 4724], 'Neuropsychopharmacology,': [4061], 'Las': [4062], 'Croabas,': [4063], 'Puerto': [4064], 'Rico,': [4065], 'Dec.': [4066], '18,': [4067], '1998.': [4068], 'Received': [4069], 'Aug.': [4070], '20,': [4071], '1998;': [4072, 4533, 4553], 'revision': [4073], 'Feb.': [4075], '25,': [4076], '1999;': [4077], 'accepted': [4078], 'March': [4079], '11,': [4080], '1999.': [4081], 'From': [4082], 'Brook': [4085], 'Project,': [4088], 'Department': [4089, 4104, 4727], 'Psychiatry,': [4091, 4106, 4729, 4764, 4916, 4976, 5010, 5061, 5120, 5173, 5216, 5266, 5333], 'Health': [4092], 'Sciences': [4093], 'York,': [4099, 4746], 'Brook;': [4101], 'California': [4109, 4123], 'Davis': [4110], 'School': [4111], 'Medicine,': [4113, 4726], 'Sacramento.': [4114], 'Address': [4115], 'reprint': [4116], 'requests': [4117], 'Dr.': [4119], 'Davis-Napa': [4124], 'Research': [4126], 'Napa': [4128], 'Hospital,': [4130], '2100': [4131], 'Napa-Vallejo': [4132], 'Highway,': [4133], 'Napa,': [4134], 'CA': [4135], '94558;': [4136], '[email': [4137], 'protected]': [4138], '(e-mail).': [4139], 'Supported': [4140], 'NIMH': [4142], 'grant': [4143], 'MH-44233.': [4144], 'authors': [4146], 'thank': [4147], 'Angela': [4148], 'Boccio-Smith': [4149], 'administrative': [4151], 'assistance,': [4152], 'Scott': [4153], 'Espinoza': [4154], 'technical': [4156], 'support,': [4157], 'Sue': [4159], 'Thiemann,': [4160], 'M.S.,': [4161, 5291, 5298], 'consultation.FIGURE': [4164], '1.': [4165], 'Scores': [4169, 4192, 4228], 'First': [4172, 4231, 5142], 'Years': [4174, 4233], 'SubjectsFIGURE': [4185], '2.': [4186, 4768], '5-Year': [4195], 'Period': [4196], 'Subjects': [4207], '(Adjusted': [4208], 'Performance)Significant': [4211], '(F=8.54,': [4214], '55,': [4216, 4222], 'p=0.005).Significant': [4217], '(F=8.03,': [4220], 'p=0.006)FIGURE': [4223], '3.': [4224], 'SchizophreniaReferences1.': [4239], 'DeLisi': [4240, 4388, 4407, 4558, 4592, 4640], 'LE:': [4241, 4389, 4641], 'Is': [4242], 'lifetime': [4245], 'plasticity,': [4249], 'growth': [4250], 'aging?': [4252], 'Schizophr': [4253, 4337, 4400, 4469, 4492, 4551], 'Res': [4254, 4338, 4368, 4470, 4493, 4625], '1997;': [4255, 4494, 4627], '23:119–129Google': [4256], 'Scholar2.': [4257], 'Weinberger': [4258], 'DR:': [4259, 4658], 'Implications': [4260], 'development': [4264], 'pathogenesis': [4267], 'Arch': [4270, 4530, 4825], 'Gen': [4271, 4531, 4826], 'Psychiatry': [4272, 4367, 4443, 4532, 4586, 4624, 4650, 4827], '1987;': [4273], '44:660–669Crossref,': [4274], 'Medline,': [4275, 4313, 4341, 4371, 4404, 4446, 4473, 4496, 4535, 4555, 4589, 4629, 4799, 4830, 4878], 'Google': [4276, 4294, 4314, 4342, 4372, 4405, 4447, 4474, 4497, 4536, 4556, 4590, 4630, 4653, 4668, 4800, 4831, 4879], 'Scholar3.': [4277], 'Abrams': [4278], 'S,': [4279, 4323, 4456, 4567, 4569], 'Nathanson': [4280], 'IA:': [4281], 'Intellectual': [4282, 4302], 'schizophrenia:': [4285, 4363, 4520, 4865], 'progressive.': [4288], 'Dis': [4289], 'Nerv': [4290], 'Syst': [4291], '1966;': [4292], '27:115–117Medline,': [4293], 'Scholar4.': [4295], 'Schwartzman': [4296], 'AE,': [4297], 'Douglas': [4298], 'VI,': [4299], 'Muir': [4300], 'WR:': [4301], 'loss': [4303], 'II.': [4307], 'Can': [4308], 'J': [4309, 4649, 4793, 4874], 'Psychol': [4310, 4664, 4796], '1962;': [4311, 4666], '16:161–186Crossref,': [4312], 'Scholar5.': [4315], 'Bilder': [4316], 'RM,': [4317], 'Lipschutz-Broch': [4318], 'L,': [4319, 4452, 4639], 'Reiter': [4320], 'G,': [4321, 4420, 4565], 'Geisler': [4322], 'Mayerhoff': [4324], 'D,': [4325, 4379, 4850], 'Lieberman': [4326], 'JA:': [4327], '1991;': [4339, 4369, 4587], '5:198–199Crossref,': [4340], 'Scholar6.': [4343], 'Sweeney': [4344], 'JA,': [4345], 'Haas': [4346], 'GL,': [4347], 'Keilp': [4348], 'JG,': [4349, 4479], 'Long': [4350], 'M:': [4351], 'Evaluation': [4352], 'one-year': [4364], '38:63–76Crossref,': [4370], 'Scholar7.': [4373], 'Hoff': [4374, 4413, 4560, 4600, 4632], 'AL,': [4375, 4414, 4601, 4633], 'Riordan': [4376, 4634], 'H,': [4377, 4635, 4846], 'O’Donnell': [4378, 4636], 'Stritzke': [4380], 'P,': [4381, 4450, 4502, 4813], 'Neale': [4382], 'C,': [4383], 'Boccio': [4384], 'A,': [4385, 4387, 4561], 'Anand': [4386, 4570], 'Anomalous': [4390], 'sulcus': [4392], 'asymmetry': [4393], 'Bull': [4401, 4552], '1992;': [4402, 4651, 4876], '18:257–272Crossref,': [4403], 'Scholar8.': [4406], 'LE,': [4408, 4559, 4593], 'Tew': [4409, 4596], 'W,': [4410, 4510, 4597], 'Xie': [4411], 'S-H,': [4412], 'Sakuma': [4415, 4594], 'M,': [4416, 4418, 4454, 4595, 4599, 4709, 4842, 4852], 'Kushner': [4417, 4598], 'Lee': [4419], 'Shedlack': [4421], 'K,': [4422], 'Smith': [4423], 'AM,': [4424], 'Grimson': [4425, 4602], 'R:': [4426, 4603, 4854], 'morphology': [4433, 4573], 'patients:': [4439, 4578], 'findings.': [4441], 'Biol': [4442, 4585], '1995;': [4444], '38:349–360Crossref,': [4445], 'Scholar9.': [4448], 'Nopoulos': [4449], 'Flashman': [4451], 'Flaum': [4453], 'Arndt': [4455], 'Andreasen': [4457, 4670, 4687], 'N:': [4458], 'Stability': [4459], '1994;': [4471, 4828], '14:29–37Crossref,': [4472], 'Scholar10.': [4475], 'Censits': [4476], 'DM,': [4477], 'Ragland': [4478], 'Gur': [4480, 4482, 4499, 4511, 4806, 4814], 'RC,': [4481], 'RE:': [4483], 'supporting': [4486], 'neurodevelopmental': [4488], 'model': [4489], '24:289–298Crossref,': [4495], 'Scholar11.': [4498], 'RE,': [4500, 4807], 'Cowell': [4501], 'Turetsky': [4503], 'Gallacher': [4505], 'F,': [4506], 'Cannon': [4507], 'T,': [4508], 'Bilker': [4509], 'RC:': [4512, 4815], 'relationship': [4521], 'neuroanatomical': [4523], 'neurobehavioral': [4528], 'measures.': [4529], '55:145–152Crossref,': [4534], 'Scholar12.': [4537], 'Rund': [4538], 'BR:': [4539], '24:425–435Crossref,': [4554], 'Scholar13.': [4557], 'Schwartz': [4562], 'J,': [4563, 4848], 'Shields': [4564], 'Halthore': [4566], 'Gupta': [4568], 'A:': [4571], 'Brain': [4572, 5138], 'schizophrenic-like': [4576], 'psychotic': [4577], 'quantitative': [4580, 4867], '29:159–175Crossref,': [4588], 'Scholar14.': [4591], 'process:': [4610], 'Neuroimaging': [4626], '74:129–140Crossref,': [4628], 'Scholar15.': [4631], 'DW,': [4637], 'Morris': [4638], 'Am': [4648], '149:898–903Link,': [4652], 'Scholar16.': [4654], 'Overall': [4655], 'JE,': [4656], 'Gorham': [4657], 'Scale.': [4663], 'Rep': [4665], '10:799–812Crossref,': [4667], 'Scholar17.': [4669], 'NC:': [4671, 4688], '(SANS).': [4679], 'Iowa': [4680, 4697, 4719, 4723], 'City,': [4681, 4698, 4720], 'Iowa,': [4684, 4701], '1983Google': [4685, 4702], 'Scholar18.': [4686], '(SAPS).': [4696], 'Scholar19.': [4703], 'Pfohl': [4704], 'Blum': [4706], 'N,': [4707], 'Zimmerman': [4708], 'Stangl': [4710], 'D:': [4711], 'Structured': [4712], 'Interview': [4713], 'Personality,': [4716], 'Revised': [4717], '(SIDP-R).': [4718], '1989Google': [4730, 4775], 'Scholar20.': [4731], 'Spitzer': [4732], 'RL,': [4733], 'Endicott': [4734], 'J:': [4735], '(SADS),': [4742], '3rd': [4743], 'ed.': [4744], 'Institute,': [4751], 'Biometrics': [4752], '1978Google': [4754], 'Scholar21.': [4755], 'Kaplan': [4756], 'HI,': [4757], 'Sadock': [4758], 'BI': [4759], '(eds):': [4760], 'Comprehensive': [4761], 'Textbook': [4762], '6th': [4765], 'ed,': [4766], 'vol': [4767], 'Baltimore,': [4769], 'Williams': [4770], '&': [4771], 'Wilkins,': [4772], '1995,': [4773], 'p': [4774], 'Scholar22.': [4776], 'Kraemer': [4777], 'HC,': [4778], 'Thiemann': [4779], 'S:': [4780], 'strategy': [4782], 'soft': [4785], 'effectively': [4787], 'randomized': [4789], 'controlled': [4790], 'trials.': [4792], 'Consult': [4794], 'Clin': [4795], '1989;': [4797], '57:148–154Crossref,': [4798], 'Scholar23.': [4801], 'Saykin': [4802], 'AJ,': [4803], 'Shtasel': [4804], 'DL,': [4805], 'Kester': [4808], 'DB,': [4809], 'Mozley': [4810], 'LH,': [4811], 'Stafiniak': [4812], 'naive': [4820], '51:124–131Crossref,': [4829], 'Scholar24.': [4832], 'Shenton': [4833], 'ME,': [4834], 'Kikinis': [4835], 'R,': [4836], 'Jolesz': [4837], 'FA,': [4838], 'Pollak': [4839], 'SD,': [4840], 'LeMay': [4841], 'Wible': [4843], 'CG,': [4844], 'Hokama': [4845], 'Martin': [4847, 5038], 'Metcalf': [4849], 'Coleman': [4851], 'McCarley': [4853], 'Abnormalities': [4855], 'thought': [4862], 'N': [4872], 'Engl': [4873], 'Med': [4875], '327:604–612Crossref,': [4877], 'Scholar': [4880], 'FiguresReferencesCited': [4881], 'byDetailsCited': [4882], 'ByEffects': [4883], 'Antipsychotic': [4885], 'Treatment': [4886], 'Emotion': [4888], 'Perception': [4889], 'Deficits': [4890, 5139], 'SchizophreniaEllen': [4893], 'S.': [4894, 4897, 4992, 5243, 5283], 'Herbener,': [4895], 'Kristian': [4898, 4988], 'Hill,': [4899, 4989], 'W.': [4902], 'Marvin,': [4903], 'M.D.,': [4904, 4994, 4998, 5027, 5030, 5034, 5037, 5040, 5043, 5046, 5050, 5088, 5108, 5154, 5161, 5187, 5200, 5204, 5232, 5235, 5240, 5288, 5317, 5321], 'John': [4906, 5000, 5158, 5295, 5318], 'A.': [4907, 4962, 5001, 5198, 5296, 5324], 'Sweeney,': [4908, 5002], 'Ph.D.1': [4909, 5003, 5259], 'September': [4910, 5114, 5210, 5341, 5351, 5357], '2005': [4911, 4971], '|': [4912, 4972, 5006, 5057, 5116, 5169, 5212, 5262, 5329], 'Journal': [4914, 4974, 5008, 5059, 5118, 5171, 5214, 5264, 5331], 'Vol.': [4917, 4977, 5011, 5062, 5121, 5174, 5217, 5267, 5334], '162,': [4918, 4978], 'No.': [4919, 4979, 5013, 5064, 5123, 5176, 5219, 5269, 5336], '9Memory': [4920], 'Impairments': [4921], 'Identified': [4922], 'People': [4924], 'Ultra-High': [4926], 'Risk': [4927], 'Psychosis': [4929], 'Who': [4930], 'Later': [4931], 'Develop': [4932], 'PsychosisWarrick': [4934], 'J.': [4935, 4943, 4947, 4954, 5096, 5190, 5202, 5308], 'Brewer,': [4936], 'Shona': [4938], 'M.': [4939, 5279, 5319], 'Francey,': [4940], 'Stephen': [4942, 5315], 'Wood,': [4944], 'Henry': [4946], 'Jackson,': [4948], 'Christos': [4950], 'Pantelis,': [4951], 'F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.,': [4952, 4960], 'Lisa': [4953, 5292], 'Phillips,': [4955], 'M.Psych.(Clin.),': [4956], 'Alison': [4957], 'R.': [4958], 'Yung,': [4959], 'Vicki': [4961], 'Anderson,': [4963], 'Patrick': [4966, 5095], 'D.': [4967, 5090, 5194, 5257], 'McGorry,': [4968], 'F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.1': [4969], 'January': [4970], '1Neuropsychological': [4980], 'Dysfunction': [4981], 'Antipsychotic-Naive': [4983], 'Unipolar': [4985], 'Psychotic': [4986, 5183], 'DepressionS.': [4987], 'Matcheri': [4991], 'Keshavan,': [4993], 'Thase,': [4997], 'June': [5004], '2004': [5005], '161,': [5012], '6Reduced': [5014], 'Hippocampal': [5015], 'Activation': [5016], 'During': [5017], 'Encoding': [5018], 'Recognition': [5020], 'Words': [5022], 'PatientsFrank': [5025], 'Jessen,': [5026], 'Lukas': [5028], 'Scheef,': [5029], 'M.Sc.,': [5031], 'Lars': [5032], 'Germeshausen,': [5033], 'Youlha': [5035], 'Tawo,': [5036], 'Kockler,': [5039], 'Kai-Uwe': [5041], 'Kuhn,': [5042], 'Wolfgang': [5044], 'Maier,': [5045], 'Hans': [5047], 'H.': [5048], 'Schild,': [5049], 'Reinhard': [5052], 'Heun,': [5053], 'M.D.1': [5054, 5113, 5166, 5209, 5326], 'July': [5055], '2003': [5056], '160,': [5063], '7Six-Year': [5065], 'Cognitive': [5069, 5135], 'Functional': [5071], 'Status': [5072], 'Across': [5073], 'Lifespan': [5075], 'Schizophrenia:': [5077, 5273], 'Alzheimer’s': [5081], 'Disease': [5082], 'AgingJoseph': [5085], 'I.': [5086], 'Friedman,': [5087], 'Philip': [5089, 5193], 'Harvey,': [5091, 5195], 'Thomas': [5093, 5201], 'Coleman,': [5094], 'Moriarty,': [5097], 'Christopher': [5098], 'Bowie,': [5099], 'Mike': [5100], 'Parrella,': [5101], 'Leonard': [5103, 5247], 'White,': [5104], 'David': [5106], 'Adler,': [5107], 'Kenneth': [5110], 'Davis,': [5112], '2001': [5115], '158,': [5122], '9Lack': [5124], 'Association': [5126], 'Between': [5127, 5179], 'Duration': [5128], 'Untreated': [5130], 'Illness': [5131], 'Severity': [5133], 'Structural': [5137], 'Episode': [5143], 'Kamran': [5152], 'Razi,': [5153], 'Gitry': [5155], 'Heydebrand,': [5156], 'G.': [5159, 5246, 5312], 'Csernansky,': [5160], 'November': [5167], '2000': [5168, 5211, 5261, 5328], '157,': [5175, 5218, 5268, 5335], '11Neuropsychological': [5177], 'Differences': [5178], 'First-Admission': [5180], 'DisordersRamin': [5185], 'Mojtabai,': [5186], 'Evelyn': [5189], 'Bromet,': [5191], 'Gabrielle': [5197], 'Carlson,': [5199], 'Craig,': [5203], 'M.P.H.,': [5205], 'Shmuel': [5207], 'Fennig,': [5208], '9Regional': [5220], 'Neural': [5221], 'Dysfunctions': [5222], 'Chronic': [5224], 'Studied': [5226], 'Positron': [5228], 'Emission': [5229], 'TomographyJae-Jin': [5230], 'Kim,': [5231], 'Somaia': [5233], 'Mohamed,': [5234], 'Nancy': [5237], 'C.': [5238], 'Andreasen,': [5239], 'Daniel': [5242], 'O’Leary,': [5244], 'Watkins,': [5248], 'Laura': [5250], 'Boles': [5252], 'Ponto,': [5253], 'Richard': [5256], 'Hichwa,': [5258], '4Neuropsychology': [5270], 'Initial': [5274], 'Characterization': [5275], 'Clinical': [5277], 'CorrelatesRobert': [5278], 'Bilder,': [5280], 'Goldman,': [5284], 'Delbert': [5286], 'Robinson,': [5287], 'Gail': [5289], 'Reiter,': [5290], 'Bell,': [5293], 'Bates,': [5297], 'Elizabeth': [5299], 'Pappadopulos,': [5300], 'Deborah': [5302], 'F.': [5303], 'Willson,': [5304], 'Jose': [5306], 'Maria': [5307], 'Alvir,': [5309], 'Dr.P.H.,': [5310], 'Margaret': [5311], 'Woerner,': [5313], 'Geisler,': [5316], 'Kane,': [5320], 'Jeffrey': [5323], 'Lieberman,': [5325], 'Volume': [5338], '156Issue': [5339], '9': [5340], '1999Pages': [5342], '1336-1341': [5343], 'Metrics': [5344], 'PDF': [5345], 'download': [5346], 'History': [5347], 'Published': [5348, 5353], 'online': [5349], '1999': [5352, 5358], 'print': [5355]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149255662', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 14}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T20:05:57.149564', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
