Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2148374900', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2003.10.006', 'title': 'Centroid-based summarization of multiple documents', 'display_name': 'Centroid-based summarization of multiple documents', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-12-16', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2148374900', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2003.10.006', 'mag': '2148374900'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2003.10.006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S174847851', 'display_name': 'Information Processing & Management', 'issn_l': '0306-4573', 'issn': ['0306-4573', '1873-5371'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081787254', 'display_name': 'Dragomir Radev', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-6489'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Dragomir R. Radev', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109854182', 'display_name': 'Hongyan Jing', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hongyan Jing', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090337761', 'display_name': 'Małgorzata E. Styś', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Małgorzata Styś', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041093269', 'display_name': 'Daniel Tam', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel Tam', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5081787254'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3220, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3220, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 17.49, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1072, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999947, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '40', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '919', 'last_page': '938'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10028', 'display_name': 'Topic Modeling', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10028', 'display_name': 'Topic Modeling', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10181', 'display_name': 'Natural Language Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10215', 'display_name': 'Semantic Web and Ontologies', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid', 'display_name': 'Centroid', 'score': 0.9042907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-document-summarization', 'display_name': 'Multi-document summarization', 'score': 0.6555615}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170858558', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144', 'display_name': 'Automatic summarization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.94782853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146599234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093', 'display_name': 'Centroid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9042907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8238502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134714966', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934448', 'display_name': 'Multi-document summarization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6555615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.59490776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77618280', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772', 'display_name': 'Scheme (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5696724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777530160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796', 'display_name': 'Sentence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47810572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164866538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351', 'display_name': 'Cluster (spacecraft)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47136724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204321447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642', 'display_name': 'Natural language processing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42416716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40322718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38635322}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.058558553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2003.10.006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S174847851', 'display_name': 'Information Processing & Management', 'issn_l': '0306-4573', 'issn': ['0306-4573', '1873-5371'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Quality education', 'score': 0.65, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W127202378', 'https://openalex.org/W1497212108', 'https://openalex.org/W1537217019', 'https://openalex.org/W1577877742', 'https://openalex.org/W1588495139', 'https://openalex.org/W178778659', 'https://openalex.org/W1954250093', 'https://openalex.org/W1970417391', 'https://openalex.org/W2034771957', 'https://openalex.org/W2064988570', 'https://openalex.org/W2083305840', 'https://openalex.org/W2135909747', 'https://openalex.org/W2137591918', 'https://openalex.org/W2169401582', 'https://openalex.org/W3138773240', 'https://openalex.org/W4234917632'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3164984162', 'https://openalex.org/W2902627734', 'https://openalex.org/W2568827738', 'https://openalex.org/W2365100044', 'https://openalex.org/W2173208124', 'https://openalex.org/W2112885393', 'https://openalex.org/W2104677027', 'https://openalex.org/W2099859325', 'https://openalex.org/W2065541085', 'https://openalex.org/W1990695371'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148374900', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 50}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 55}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 82}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 80}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 89}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 61}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T06:03:12.686250', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}