Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2146827233', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3130', 'title': 'Latent transition analysis: Inference and estimation', 'display_name': 'Latent transition analysis: Inference and estimation', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-12-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2146827233', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3130', 'mag': '2146827233', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18069720', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3158980'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3130', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55189604', 'display_name': 'Statistics in Medicine', 'issn_l': '0277-6715', 'issn': ['0277-6715', '1097-0258'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3158980?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090254608', 'display_name': 'Hwan Chung', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-9086'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87216513', 'display_name': 'Michigan State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hs6h993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I87216513']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hwan Chung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87216513']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042094436', 'display_name': 'Stephanie T. Lanza', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-8381'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephanie T. Lanza', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043057931', 'display_name': 'Eric Loken', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eric Loken', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4940, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4940, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.522, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 30, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.966296, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '1834', 'last_page': '1854'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11901', 'display_name': 'Model-Based Clustering with Mixture Models', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11901', 'display_name': 'Model-Based Clustering with Mixture Models', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10243', 'display_name': 'Methods for Handling Missing Data in Statistical Analysis', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10136', 'display_name': 'Regularization and Variable Selection Methods', 'score': 0.9827, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-effects-models', 'display_name': 'Mixed-Effects Models', 'score': 0.553732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-inference', 'display_name': 'Variational Inference', 'score': 0.547336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis', 'display_name': 'Sensitivity Analysis', 'score': 0.540128}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference', 'display_name': 'Bayesian Inference', 'score': 0.532106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-models', 'display_name': 'Hidden Markov Models', 'score': 0.528524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference', 'display_name': 'Statistical inference', 'score': 0.41122377}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111350023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869', 'display_name': 'Markov chain Monte Carlo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8361576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776214188', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386', 'display_name': 'Inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.779433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6455427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160234255', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535', 'display_name': 'Bayesian inference', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.60626054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107673813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534', 'display_name': 'Bayesian probability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5987034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5648823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51167844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623', 'display_name': 'Latent variable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53401166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98763669', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645', 'display_name': 'Markov chain', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41501576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134261354', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438', 'display_name': 'Statistical inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41122377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3677866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36231434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3244068}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31766146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22170314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016013', 'descriptor_name': 'Likelihood Functions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000465', 'descriptor_name': 'Algorithms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005544', 'descriptor_name': 'Forecasting', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018401', 'descriptor_name': 'Sample Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019966', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3130', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55189604', 'display_name': 'Statistics in Medicine', 'issn_l': '0277-6715', 'issn': ['0277-6715', '1097-0258'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3158980', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3158980?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158980', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18069720', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3158980', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3158980?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.84, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320337347', 'funder_display_name': 'National Institute on Drug Abuse', 'award_id': '1-P50-DA10075'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320337347', 'funder_display_name': 'National Institute on Drug Abuse', 'award_id': '5-R03-DA021639'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1537066827', 'https://openalex.org/W1572134371', 'https://openalex.org/W1579271636', 'https://openalex.org/W1863135743', 'https://openalex.org/W1969100274', 'https://openalex.org/W1995880999', 'https://openalex.org/W2004416353', 'https://openalex.org/W2019486793', 'https://openalex.org/W2038885294', 'https://openalex.org/W2039614288', 'https://openalex.org/W2044579390', 'https://openalex.org/W2049328967', 'https://openalex.org/W2049633694', 'https://openalex.org/W2070487393', 'https://openalex.org/W2075494932', 'https://openalex.org/W2079031515', 'https://openalex.org/W2083875149', 'https://openalex.org/W2091750665', 'https://openalex.org/W2096878708', 'https://openalex.org/W2112216240', 'https://openalex.org/W2114005615', 'https://openalex.org/W2117618727', 'https://openalex.org/W2121228033', 'https://openalex.org/W2126643057', 'https://openalex.org/W2152977846', 'https://openalex.org/W2166698530', 'https://openalex.org/W2325337508', 'https://openalex.org/W2327327889', 'https://openalex.org/W2488678869', 'https://openalex.org/W2526019368', 'https://openalex.org/W2797746357', 'https://openalex.org/W3005613734', 'https://openalex.org/W306662213', 'https://openalex.org/W4233006188', 'https://openalex.org/W4233151780', 'https://openalex.org/W4244757783', 'https://openalex.org/W4255728782', 'https://openalex.org/W631468142'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4302573481', 'https://openalex.org/W4283077537', 'https://openalex.org/W3087071515', 'https://openalex.org/W3086697448', 'https://openalex.org/W2999603699', 'https://openalex.org/W2947536360', 'https://openalex.org/W2902858271', 'https://openalex.org/W2505308168', 'https://openalex.org/W2464065341', 'https://openalex.org/W1987558550'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Parameters': [1], 'for': [2, 53, 90, 102], 'latent': [3], 'transition': [4], 'analysis': [5], '(LTA)': [6], 'are': [7], 'easily': [8], 'estimated': [9], 'by': [10], 'maximum': [11], 'likelihood': [12, 28], '(ML)': [13], 'or': [14], 'Bayesian': [15, 35, 74], 'method': [16], 'via': [17], 'Markov': [18], 'chain': [19], 'Monte': [20], 'Carlo': [21], '(MCMC).': [22], 'However,': [23], 'unusual': [24], 'features': [25], 'in': [26, 32, 50, 55, 119], 'the': [27, 56, 109, 112, 116], 'can': [29], 'cause': [30], 'difficulties': [31], 'ML': [33, 72], 'and': [34, 37, 62, 73, 107], 'inference': [36, 52], 'estimation,': [38], 'especially': [39], 'with': [40, 83, 92, 104, 115], 'small': [41, 85, 93, 105], 'samples.': [42, 94], 'In': [43], 'this': [44], 'study': [45, 61], 'we': [46], 'explore': [47], 'several': [48], 'problems': [49, 78], 'drawing': [51, 120], 'LTA': [54, 91, 103], 'context': [57], 'of': [58, 87, 111], 'a': [59, 63, 84, 98], 'simulation': [60], 'substance': [64], 'use': [65], 'example.': [66], 'We': [67], 'argue': [68], 'that': [69], 'when': [70], 'conventional': [71], 'estimates': [75], 'behave': [76], 'erratically,': [77], 'often': [79], 'may': [80], 'be': [81], 'alleviated': [82], 'amount': [86], 'prior': [88, 101, 118], 'input': [89], 'This': [95], 'paper': [96], 'proposes': [97], 'dynamic': [99], 'data‐dependent': [100], 'samples': [106], 'compares': [108], 'performance': [110], 'estimation': [113], 'methods': [114], 'proposed': [117], 'inference.': [121], 'Copyright': [122], '©': [123], '2007': [124], 'John': [125], 'Wiley': [126], '&': [127], 'Sons,': [128], 'Ltd.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146827233', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-10T05:02:06.020357', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}