Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2146137933', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.669', 'title': 'Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of U.S. Adults', 'display_name': 'Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of U.S. Adults', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2146137933', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.669', 'mag': '2146137933', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7881654'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.669', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93356601', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine', 'issn_l': '1073-449X', 'issn': ['1073-449X', '1535-4970'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316311', 'host_organization_name': 'American Thoracic Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316311'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Thoracic Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008547429', 'display_name': 'C. Arden Pope', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-6686'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Arden Pope', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010312123', 'display_name': 'Michael J. Thun', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael J. Thun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078083005', 'display_name': 'Mohan M. Namboodiri', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohan M. Namboodiri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051635685', 'display_name': 'Douglas W. Dockery', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Douglas W. Dockery', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053913513', 'display_name': 'John S. Evans', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9837-1026'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John S. Evans', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086215303', 'display_name': 'Frank E. Speizer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frank E. Speizer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082841258', 'display_name': 'Clark W. Heath', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'display_name': 'American Cancer Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e463172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Clark W. Heath', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Environmental Epidemiology Program and Interdisciplinary Program in Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288198617', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 53.871, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2714, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999695, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '151', 'issue': '3_pt_1', 'first_page': '669', 'last_page': '674'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Health Effects of Air Pollution', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Health Effects of Air Pollution', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11244', 'display_name': 'Impact of Climate Change on Human Health', 'score': 0.9896, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11336', 'display_name': 'Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries', 'score': 0.9861, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-pollution', 'display_name': 'Particulate pollution', 'score': 0.678134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-particulate-air-pollution', 'display_name': 'Fine Particulate Air Pollution', 'score': 0.527517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution', 'display_name': 'Air Pollution', 'score': 0.513984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-air-pollution', 'display_name': 'Indoor Air Pollution', 'score': 0.506266}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24245907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957', 'display_name': 'Particulates', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7760281}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780822005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140516', 'display_name': 'Particulate pollution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.678134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6685289}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C559116025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123', 'display_name': 'Air pollution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6681778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.66711843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188816634', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324', 'display_name': 'Prospective cohort study', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5427814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201903717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788', 'display_name': 'Cohort study', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49186993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521259446', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734', 'display_name': 'Pollution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43618715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50440223', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848', 'display_name': 'Risk factor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4306264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82789193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611', 'display_name': 'Relative risk', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42529124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44249647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498', 'display_name': 'Confidence interval', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.30702233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11200416}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10842481}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000393', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000397', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollution', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009026', 'descriptor_name': 'Mortality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000393', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000397', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollution', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002423', 'descriptor_name': 'Cause of Death', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015331', 'descriptor_name': 'Cohort Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006331', 'descriptor_name': 'Heart Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006331', 'descriptor_name': 'Heart Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000401', 'qualifier_name': 'mortality', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008171', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008171', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000401', 'qualifier_name': 'mortality', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008175', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008175', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000401', 'qualifier_name': 'mortality', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016017', 'descriptor_name': 'Odds Ratio', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016016', 'descriptor_name': 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011446', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000401', 'qualifier_name': 'mortality', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.669', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93356601', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine', 'issn_l': '1073-449X', 'issn': ['1073-449X', '1535-4970'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316311', 'host_organization_name': 'American Thoracic Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316311'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Thoracic Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7881654', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.9, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1602365401', 'https://openalex.org/W1925921352', 'https://openalex.org/W197460802', 'https://openalex.org/W1974786556', 'https://openalex.org/W1976557884', 'https://openalex.org/W1977426512', 'https://openalex.org/W2009974926', 'https://openalex.org/W2022179128', 'https://openalex.org/W2029248046', 'https://openalex.org/W2031451281', 'https://openalex.org/W2045258300', 'https://openalex.org/W2072905627', 'https://openalex.org/W2072921328', 'https://openalex.org/W2075419544', 'https://openalex.org/W2087790155', 'https://openalex.org/W2092223192', 'https://openalex.org/W2093161332', 'https://openalex.org/W2095498101', 'https://openalex.org/W2105516675', 'https://openalex.org/W2113912428', 'https://openalex.org/W2147113236', 'https://openalex.org/W2318698569', 'https://openalex.org/W2330709704', 'https://openalex.org/W2336104567', 'https://openalex.org/W295494048'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3124483622', 'https://openalex.org/W3009034215', 'https://openalex.org/W2773747390', 'https://openalex.org/W2372515885', 'https://openalex.org/W2365062490', 'https://openalex.org/W2353074482', 'https://openalex.org/W2306573634', 'https://openalex.org/W2260171242', 'https://openalex.org/W2087124521', 'https://openalex.org/W2070677502'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Time-series,': [0], 'cross-sectional,': [1], 'and': [2, 11, 94, 121, 134, 148, 180, 188, 200, 218], 'prospective': [3, 81], 'cohort': [4, 46], 'studies': [5], 'have': [6, 16], 'observed': [7], 'associations': [8], 'between': [9, 146], 'mortality': [10, 40, 123, 147, 164, 203, 207, 213], 'particulate': [12, 36, 96, 149, 190, 220], 'air': [13, 37, 55, 97, 115, 150, 194, 221], 'pollution': [14, 38, 56, 116, 151, 195, 222, 245], 'but': [15, 204], 'been': [17], 'limited': [18], 'by': [19], 'ecologic': [20], 'design': [21], 'or': [22, 27], 'small': [23, 139], 'number': [24], 'of': [25, 35, 114, 162, 244], 'subjects': [26], 'study': [28, 32, 50, 82], 'areas.': [29, 51], 'The': [30, 112, 230], 'present': [31], 'evaluates': [33], 'effects': [34], 'on': [39, 69], 'using': [41, 126, 186], 'data': [42, 57, 110], 'from': [43, 48, 58, 102, 108], 'a': [44, 80], 'large': [45], 'drawn': [47], 'many': [49], 'We': [52], 'linked': [53], 'ambient': [54], '151': [59], 'U.S.': [60, 228], 'metropolitan': [61], 'areas': [62, 76, 169], 'in': [63, 74, 79, 83, 227, 232], '1980': [64], 'with': [65, 141, 171, 198, 206, 216, 249], 'individual': [66], 'risk': [67, 136, 156, 233], 'factor': [68], '552,138': [70], 'adults': [71], 'who': [72], 'resided': [73], 'these': [75], 'when': [77, 185], 'enrolled': [78], '1982.': [84], 'Deaths': [85], 'were': [86], 'ascertained': [87], 'through': [88], 'December,': [89], '1989.': [90], 'Exposure': [91], 'to': [92, 117, 178, 183, 209, 237], 'sulfate': [93, 187, 217], 'fine': [95, 189, 219], 'pollution,': [98], 'which': [99, 129], 'is': [100, 214, 234], 'primarily': [101], 'fossil': [103], 'fuel': [104], 'combustion,': [105], 'was': [106, 124, 152, 196], 'estimated': [107], 'national': [109], 'bases.': [111], 'relationships': [113], 'all-cause,': [118], 'lung': [119, 201], 'cancer,': [120], 'cardiopulmonary': [122, 199], 'examined': [125], 'multivariate': [127], 'analysis': [128], 'controlled': [130], 'for': [131, 165], 'smoking,': [132, 143, 239], 'education,': [133], 'other': [135, 210, 241], 'factors.': [137], 'Although': [138], 'compared': [140, 170], 'cigarette': [142], 'an': [144], 'association': [145], 'observed.': [153], 'Adjusted': [154], 'relative': [155], 'ratios': [157], '(and': [158], '95%': [159], 'confidence': [160], 'intervals)': [161], 'all-cause': [163], 'the': [166, 172], 'most': [167], 'polluted': [168, 174], 'least': [173], 'equaled': [175], '1.15': [176], '(1.09': [177, 182], '1.22)': [179], '1.17': [181], '1.26)': [184], 'measures': [191], 'respectively.': [192], 'Particulate': [193], 'associated': [197, 215], 'cancer': [202], 'not': [205, 235], 'due': [208], 'causes.': [211], 'Increased': [212], 'at': [223], 'levels': [224], 'commonly': [225], 'found': [226], 'cities.': [229], 'increase': [231], 'attributable': [236], 'tobacco': [238], 'although': [240], 'unmeasured': [242], 'correlates': [243], 'cannot': [246], 'be': [247], 'excluded': [248], 'certainty.': [250]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146137933', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 83}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 80}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 77}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 113}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 124}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 104}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 108}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-09T00:17:38.855383', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}