Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2145522405', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.1977.303527', 'title': 'Statistical-Physical Models of Electromagnetic Interference', 'display_name': 'Statistical-Physical Models of Electromagnetic Interference', 'publication_year': 1977, 'publication_date': '1977-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2145522405', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.1977.303527', 'mag': '2145522405'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.1977.303527', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163644703', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility', 'issn_l': '0018-9375', 'issn': ['0018-9375', '1558-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109534960', 'display_name': 'David Middleton', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Commerce', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04chq2495', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'David Middleton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of Telecommunications, U. S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO 80302. (212) 831-8565'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of Telecommunications, U. S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO 80302. (212) 831-8565', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5109534960'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343035065'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.583, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 792, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998298, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': 'EMC-19', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '106', 'last_page': '127'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11851', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements', 'score': 0.9766, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11851', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements', 'score': 0.9766, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11946', 'display_name': 'Antenna Design and Optimization', 'score': 0.967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13816', 'display_name': 'Advanced Signal Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9434, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise', 'display_name': 'Gaussian Noise', 'score': 0.5638194}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32022120', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225', 'display_name': 'Interference (communication)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59291106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184892835', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic interference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5865522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4199805', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903', 'display_name': 'Gaussian noise', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5638194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99498987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247', 'display_name': 'Noise (video)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55444646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149441793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726', 'display_name': 'Probability distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48873425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121864883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916', 'display_name': 'Statistical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4712097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114289077', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399', 'display_name': 'Statistical model', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46945065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45606008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163716315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177', 'display_name': 'Gaussian', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45411184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28826006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521', 'display_name': 'Applied mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4437346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3413181}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2749805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26310503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23588106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19233543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14283344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11467004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127162648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953', 'display_name': 'Channel (broadcasting)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.1977.303527', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163644703', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility', 'issn_l': '0018-9375', 'issn': ['0018-9375', '1558-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1669722647', 'https://openalex.org/W1964837792', 'https://openalex.org/W1979039638', 'https://openalex.org/W1980786404', 'https://openalex.org/W1982976258', 'https://openalex.org/W2003091910', 'https://openalex.org/W2025742588', 'https://openalex.org/W2089873458', 'https://openalex.org/W209589608', 'https://openalex.org/W2111852569', 'https://openalex.org/W2114509411', 'https://openalex.org/W2147360511', 'https://openalex.org/W2313559663', 'https://openalex.org/W2422931968', 'https://openalex.org/W2617404842', 'https://openalex.org/W2749612689', 'https://openalex.org/W3136463145', 'https://openalex.org/W3167541953', 'https://openalex.org/W4240442846', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4292888414', 'https://openalex.org/W97389595'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W76001227', 'https://openalex.org/W4308096053', 'https://openalex.org/W4230660276', 'https://openalex.org/W2953254336', 'https://openalex.org/W2358457653', 'https://openalex.org/W2108494335', 'https://openalex.org/W2099070236', 'https://openalex.org/W2013460191', 'https://openalex.org/W2005979690', 'https://openalex.org/W1970319972'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Most': [0], 'man-made': [1], 'and': [2, 45, 106, 124, 182], 'natural': [3], 'electromagnetic': [4, 80], 'interference,': [5], 'or': [6, 32, 136], '"noise,"': [7], 'are': [8, 28, 53, 118, 154, 169, 175], 'highly': [9], 'non-Gaussian': [10], 'random': [11], 'processes,': [12], 'whose': [13], 'degrading': [14], 'effects': [15], 'on': [16, 23], 'system': [17], 'performance': [18, 35], 'can': [19], 'be': [20, 161], 'severe,': [21], 'particularly': [22], 'most': [24], 'conventional': [25], 'systems,': [26], 'which': [27], 'designed': [29], 'for': [30, 120], 'optimal': [31, 34], 'near': [33], 'against': [36], 'normal': [37], 'noise.': [38], 'In': [39, 128], 'addition,': [40], 'the': [41, 48, 69, 97, 104, 121, 130, 145, 152, 178], 'nature,': [42], 'origins,': [43], 'measurement,': [44], 'prediction': [46], 'of': [47, 57, 71, 78, 88, 151, 177], 'general': [49], 'EM': [50], 'interference': [51, 191], 'environment': [52], 'a': [54, 195, 202], 'major': [55, 86], 'concern': [56], 'any': [58], 'adequate': [59], 'spectral': [60], 'management': [61], 'program.': [62], 'Accordingly,': [63], 'this': [64], 'study': [65], 'is': [66, 90, 158, 192], 'devoted': [67], 'to': [68, 160], 'development': [70], 'analytically': [72], 'tractable,': [73], 'experimentally': [74], 'verifiable,': [75], 'statistical-physical': [76], 'models': [77, 117], 'such': [79], 'interference.': [81], 'Here,': [82], 'classification': [83], 'into': [84], 'three': [85], 'types': [87], 'noise': [89, 180, 200], 'made:': [91], 'Class': [92, 99, 107, 110, 113, 122, 125, 189, 198], 'A': [93, 111, 123, 190], '(narrow': [94], 'band': [95, 102], 'vis-á-vis': [96, 103], 'receiver),': [98, 105], 'B': [100, 126, 199], '(broad': [101], 'C': [108], '(=': [109], '+': [112], 'B).': [114], 'First-order': [115], 'statistical': [116], 'constructed': [119], 'cases.': [127], 'particular,': [129], 'APD': [131], '(a': [132], 'posteriori': [133], 'probability': [134, 147], 'distribution)': [135], 'exceedance': [137], 'probability,': [138], 'PD,': [139], 'vis;P1': [140], '(ϵ': [141], '>': [142], 'ϵo)A,B,': [143], '(and': [144], 'associated': [146], 'densities,': [148], "pdf's": [149], 'w1(ϵ)A,B,[1])': [150], 'envelope': [153], 'obtained;': [155], '(the': [156], 'phase': [157], 'shown': [159], 'uniformly': [162], 'distributed': [163], 'in': [164], '(0,': [165], '2π).': [166], 'These': [167], 'results': [168], 'canonical,': [170], 'i.e.,': [171], 'their': [172], 'analytic': [173], 'forms': [174], 'invariant': [176], 'particular': [179], 'source': [181], 'its': [183], 'quantifying': [184], 'parameter': [185], 'values,': [186], 'levels,': [187], 'etc.': [188], 'described': [193], 'by': [194, 201], '3-parameter': [196], 'model,': [197], '6-parameter': [203], 'model.': [204]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145522405', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 50}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 30}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T15:36:40.134275', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}