Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2144107141', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1563', 'title': 'Early mouse endoderm is patterned by soluble factors from adjacent germ layers', 'display_name': 'Early mouse endoderm is patterned by soluble factors from adjacent germ layers', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-04-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2144107141', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1563', 'mag': '2144107141', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10725233'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1563', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S86558740', 'display_name': 'Development', 'issn_l': '0950-1991', 'issn': ['0950-1991', '1477-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037288031', 'display_name': 'James M. Wells', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-848X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James M. Wells', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012942110', 'display_name': 'Douglas A. Melton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-5504'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Douglas A. Melton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.564, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 357, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.951172, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '127', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1563', 'last_page': '1572'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11677', 'display_name': 'Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Development and Regeneration', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11677', 'display_name': 'Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Development and Regeneration', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10839', 'display_name': 'Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction and Regeneration', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10269', 'display_name': 'Epigenetic Modifications and Their Functional Implications', 'score': 0.9945, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-layer', 'display_name': 'Germ layer', 'score': 0.91384894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/primitive-streak', 'display_name': 'Primitive streak', 'score': 0.7725328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/histogenesis', 'display_name': 'Histogenesis', 'score': 0.644099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrine-cell-lineages', 'display_name': 'Endocrine Cell Lineages', 'score': 0.505116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreas-development', 'display_name': 'Pancreas Development', 'score': 0.501048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/epiblast', 'display_name': 'Epiblast', 'score': 0.4819505}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777164004', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331858', 'display_name': 'Endoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.98584735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18155467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660498', 'display_name': 'Germ layer', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.91384894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8830472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779329299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272474', 'display_name': 'Ectoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8696388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780915607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323438', 'display_name': 'Mesoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.83663976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129536746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141026', 'display_name': 'Gastrulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7804134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66518211', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247512', 'display_name': 'Primitive streak', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7725328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191548132', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355306', 'display_name': 'Histogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.644099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66332042', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425488', 'display_name': 'FGF and mesoderm formation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5913301}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.58744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83330619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21124872', 'display_name': 'NODAL', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48452967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75059768', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519516', 'display_name': 'Epiblast', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4819505}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40574533}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87073359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.39136893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196843134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3848239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148738053', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861', 'display_name': 'Cellular differentiation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2731872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20500171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145103041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519', 'display_name': 'Embryonic stem cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.17212737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11708027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204232928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285', 'display_name': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06144759}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.05957386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107459253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925', 'display_name': 'Induced pluripotent stem cell', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D019521', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Patterning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004707', 'descriptor_name': 'Endoderm', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019521', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Patterning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002642', 'descriptor_name': 'Chick Embryo', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004064', 'descriptor_name': 'Digestive System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000196', 'qualifier_name': 'embryology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004064', 'descriptor_name': 'Digestive System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004475', 'descriptor_name': 'Ectoderm', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005314', 'descriptor_name': 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004707', 'descriptor_name': 'Endoderm', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051519', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 4', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005346', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005346', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005775', 'descriptor_name': 'Gastrula', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015870', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008648', 'descriptor_name': 'Mesoderm', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008813', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009672', 'descriptor_name': 'Notochord', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000196', 'qualifier_name': 'embryology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009672', 'descriptor_name': 'Notochord', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011518', 'descriptor_name': 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011518', 'descriptor_name': 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012995', 'descriptor_name': 'Solubility', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1563', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S86558740', 'display_name': 'Development', 'issn_l': '0950-1991', 'issn': ['0950-1991', '1477-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10725233', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 58, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1484163259', 'https://openalex.org/W1487688765', 'https://openalex.org/W1517975334', 'https://openalex.org/W1573536022', 'https://openalex.org/W1829700783', 'https://openalex.org/W1844743435', 'https://openalex.org/W1869819849', 'https://openalex.org/W1922337323', 'https://openalex.org/W1951882906', 'https://openalex.org/W1953764490', 'https://openalex.org/W1965855881', 'https://openalex.org/W1977157996', 'https://openalex.org/W1984696112', 'https://openalex.org/W1985360296', 'https://openalex.org/W1991065270', 'https://openalex.org/W1998905221', 'https://openalex.org/W1999307950', 'https://openalex.org/W2003028861', 'https://openalex.org/W2005688198', 'https://openalex.org/W2009482935', 'https://openalex.org/W2015128553', 'https://openalex.org/W2026813670', 'https://openalex.org/W2033045615', 'https://openalex.org/W2033791639', 'https://openalex.org/W2035621553', 'https://openalex.org/W2037524403', 'https://openalex.org/W2040306164', 'https://openalex.org/W2043363785', 'https://openalex.org/W2044095291', 'https://openalex.org/W2049326750', 'https://openalex.org/W2050805116', 'https://openalex.org/W2052497886', 'https://openalex.org/W2058528119', 'https://openalex.org/W2063778808', 'https://openalex.org/W2069022895', 'https://openalex.org/W2069274271', 'https://openalex.org/W2072303535', 'https://openalex.org/W2080342872', 'https://openalex.org/W2081939122', 'https://openalex.org/W2094741224', 'https://openalex.org/W2096548029', 'https://openalex.org/W2098983125', 'https://openalex.org/W2106004510', 'https://openalex.org/W2113198452', 'https://openalex.org/W2120142812', 'https://openalex.org/W2120398270', 'https://openalex.org/W2127522049', 'https://openalex.org/W2129679172', 'https://openalex.org/W2140034535', 'https://openalex.org/W2142486892', 'https://openalex.org/W2142986021', 'https://openalex.org/W2143973293', 'https://openalex.org/W2144112229', 'https://openalex.org/W2147350988', 'https://openalex.org/W2150095569', 'https://openalex.org/W2156659930', 'https://openalex.org/W2166697185', 'https://openalex.org/W2171019508'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4250631327', 'https://openalex.org/W2319212310', 'https://openalex.org/W2159089783', 'https://openalex.org/W2152504473', 'https://openalex.org/W2144107141', 'https://openalex.org/W2130510970', 'https://openalex.org/W2063778808', 'https://openalex.org/W2008242761', 'https://openalex.org/W2007664084', 'https://openalex.org/W1989702683'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Endoderm': [1], 'that': [2, 67, 76, 86, 104], 'forms': [3], 'the': [4, 17, 43, 47, 94, 105, 119, 127], 'respiratory': [5], 'and': [6, 65, 115], 'digestive': [7], 'tracts': [8], 'is': [9, 110], 'a': [10, 31, 99], 'sheet': [11], 'of': [12, 20, 50, 96, 107, 118, 126], 'approximately': [13], '500-1000': [14], 'cells': [15], 'around': [16], 'distal': [18], 'cup': [19], 'an': [21, 57], 'E7.5': [22], 'mouse': [23], 'embryo.': [24], 'Within': [25], '2': [26], 'days,': [27], 'endoderm': [28, 97, 109], 'folds': [29], 'into': [30], 'primitive': [32, 90], 'gut': [33, 129], 'tube': [34], 'from': [35], 'which': [36], 'numerous': [37], 'organs': [38], 'will': [39], 'bud.': [40], 'To': [41], 'characterize': [42], 'signals': [44, 75], 'involved': [45], 'in': [46, 58, 81, 89, 98, 124], 'developmental': [48], 'specification': [49], 'this': [51], 'early': [52], 'endoderm,': [53], 'we': [54, 84], 'have': [55], 'employed': [56], 'vitro': [59], 'assay': [60], 'using': [61], 'germ': [62, 69], 'layer': [63], 'explants': [64], 'show': [66, 85], 'adjacent': [68, 113], 'layers': [70], 'provide': [71], 'soluble,': [72], 'temporally': [73], 'specific': [74], 'induce': [77, 93], 'organ-specific': [78], 'gene': [79], 'expression': [80], 'endoderm.': [82], 'Furthermore,': [83], 'FGF4': [87], 'expressed': [88], 'streak-mesoderm': [91], 'can': [92], 'differentiation': [95, 106], 'concentration-dependent': [100], 'manner.': [101], 'We': [102], 'conclude': [103], 'gastrulation-stage': [108], 'directed': [111], 'by': [112], 'mesoderm': [114], 'ectoderm,': [116], 'one': [117], 'earliest': [120], 'reported': [121], 'patterning': [122], 'events': [123], 'formation': [125], 'vertebrate': [128], 'tube.s': [130]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144107141', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T16:37:46.893299', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}